Tissue shaving instrument with navigation sensor

Abstract

A surgical instrument and method of tracking the surgical instrument includes a shaft, a cutting member, and navigation system. The shaft has a shaft lumen, a shaft window, and a shaft edge. The cutting member is disposed within the shaft lumen and is configured to cyclically move from a first position to a second position relative to the shaft. The cutting member includes a cutting window opening, a cutting edge, and a suction lumen to cut the tissue portion with the cutting member in the first position. The navigation system includes a navigation sensor positioned on at least one of the shaft or the cutting member that is configured to be tracked within a patient for identifying a positional movement of the shaft or the cutting member within the patient.

1 .- 18 . (canceled) 
     
     
         19 . A method of tracking a positional movement of a surgical instrument, wherein the surgical instrument includes a shaft, a cutting member, and a navigation sensor positioned on at least one of the shaft or the cutting member, wherein the shaft extends along a longitudinal axis and includes a shaft window opening in fluid communication with an environment, wherein the cutting member is disposed within the shaft, wherein the cutting member includes a cutting edge the method comprising:
 (a) inserting the shaft and the cutting member into a passageway about an anatomy within a patient;   (b) communicating a positional movement signal data from the navigation sensor within the passageway to a processor; and   (c) tracking the positional movement of at least one of the cutting member and the shaft within the passageway of the patient.   
     
     
         20 . The method of  claim 19 , further comprising:
 (a) cutting a tissue portion from a mass of tissue with the cutting edge of the cutting member in a first position;   (b) cyclically moving the cutting member relative to the shaft from a first position to a second position; and   (c) suctioning an airflow from the environment through a suction lumen extending along the longitudinal axis using a vacuum source operatively connected to the suction lumen.   
     
     
         21 . The method of  claim 20 , wherein cutting the tissue portion from the mass of tissue further comprises cutting at least one lesion, polyp, or fibroid from a nasal cavity of the patient. 
     
     
         22 . The method of  claim 20 , wherein cutting the tissue portion further comprises:
 (a) receiving the tissue portion in a shaft window opening; and   (b) resecting the tissue portion using the cutting edge of the cutting member.   
     
     
         23 . The method of  claim 20 , further comprising aspirating the tissue portion using an aspiration vent that extends through at least one of the shaft or the cutting member. 
     
     
         24 . The method of  claim 19 , wherein the navigation sensor is positioned on a distal portion of the cutting member, the method further comprising:
 (a) communicating a second positional movement signal data from a second navigation sensor within the passageway to the processor; and   (b) tracking the positional movement of the shaft within the passageway using the second navigation sensor.   
     
     
         25 . The method of  claim 19 , further comprising:
 (a) removing the cutting member from the shaft; and   (b) inserting a second cutting member into the shaft.   
     
     
         26 . The method of  claim 19 , wherein tracking the positional movement of the cutting member and the shaft within the passageway further comprises using magnetic field generators to track the positional movement of the cutting member and the shaft. 
     
     
         27 . The method of  claim 19 , further comprising:
 (a) aligning a cutting window opening of the cutting member with a shaft window opening of the shaft; and   (b) resecting tissue extending through the cutting window opening.   
     
     
         28 . The method of  claim 19 , further comprising preoperatively obtaining at least one image of the anatomy of the patient prior to inserting the shaft and the cutting member into the passageway, wherein tracking the positional movement further comprises superimposing the positional movement of at least one of the cutting member and the shaft onto the at least one preoperatively obtained image to obtain a real-time correlation of the positional movement of at least one of the cutting member and the shaft within the passageway of the patient. 
     
     
         29 . The method of  claim 28 , wherein preoperatively obtaining at least one image further comprises performing at least one of a CT scan, an MRI scan, or 3-D mapping to obtain the image. 
     
     
         30 . The method of  claim 19 , wherein tracking the positional movement further comprises tracking at least one of a position, an orientation, a speed, a velocity, or an acceleration of at least one of the cutting member and the shaft within the passageway. 
     
     
         31 . The method of  claim 19 , wherein tracking the positional movement further comprises tracking an orientation of a cutting window opening of the cutting member. 
     
     
         32 . The method of  claim 19 , further comprising tracking the positional movement further comprises tracking the positional movement of a distal end or a window opening of the shaft. 
     
     
         33 . The method of  claim 19 , wherein the navigation sensor is configured to generate a positional movement signal data, the method further comprising:
 (a) receiving and processing the positional movement signal data to track the positional movement of the navigation sensor using the processor; and   (b) visualizing the positional movement of the navigation sensor on a display screen.   
     
     
         34 . The method of  claim 19 , further comprising positioning magnetic field generators about a head of the patient, wherein tracking the positional movement further comprises tracking the positional movement of at least one of the cutting member and the shaft within the passageway of the head of the patient as the cutting member and the shaft move through an electromagnetic field generated by the magnetic field generators. 
     
     
         35 . A method of tracking a positional movement of a surgical instrument, wherein the surgical instrument includes a shaft, a cutting member, and a navigation sensor positioned on at least one of the shaft or the cutting member, wherein the shaft extends along a longitudinal axis and includes a shaft window opening in fluid communication with an environment, wherein the cutting member is disposed within the shaft, wherein the cutting member includes a cutting edge, the method comprising:
 (a) inserting the shaft and the cutting member into a passageway associated with a nasal cavity of a patient;   (b) tracking the positional movement of at least one of the cutting member and the shaft within the passageway associated with the nasal cavity of the patient using a navigation sensor; and   (c) cutting a tissue portion from a mass of tissue or bone within the passageway associated with the nasal cavity with the cutting edge of the cutting member based on the tracking.   
     
     
         36 . The method of  claim 35 , wherein the cutting edge includes a plurality of serrations, wherein cutting the tissue portion further comprises cutting the tissue portion from the mass of tissue or bone within the passageway associated with the nasal cavity with the serrations of the cutting edge based on the tracking. 
     
     
         37 . A method of tracking a positional movement of a surgical instrument, wherein the surgical instrument includes a shaft, a cutting member, and an electromagnetic navigation sensor positioned on at least one of the shaft or the cutting member, wherein the shaft extends along a longitudinal axis and includes a shaft window opening in fluid communication with an environment, wherein the cutting member is disposed within the shaft, wherein the cutting member includes a cutting edge, the method comprising:
 (a) positioning magnetic field generators about a head of a patient;   (b) inserting the shaft and the cutting member into a passageway of the head of the patient;   (c) transmitting alternating magnetic fields of different frequencies to generate an electromagnetic field about the head of the patient; and   (d) tracking the positional movement using an electromagnetic navigation sensor coupled with at least one of the cutting member and the shaft within the passageway of the head of the patient as the cutting member and the shaft move through the electromagnetic field generated by the magnetic field generators.   
     
     
         38 . The method of  claim 37 , further comprising generating electrical signals in response to movement within the electromagnetic field generated by the magnetic field generators using one or more coils of conductive wire of the navigation sensor.