Methods and systems for dna data storage

Abstract

In various embodiments, an information storage system comprises: a writing device for synthesizing a nucleotide sequence that encodes a set of information; and a reading device for interpreting the nucleotide sequence by decoding the interpreted nucleotide sequence into the set of information, wherein the reading device comprises a molecular electronics sensor, the sensor comprising a pair of spaced apart electrodes and a molecular complex attached to each electrode to form a molecular electronics circuit, wherein the molecular complex comprises a bridge molecule and a probe molecule, and wherein the molecular electronics sensor produces distinguishable signals in a measurable electrical parameter of the molecular electronics sensor, when interpreting the nucleotide sequence.

1 . An information storage system comprising:
 a writing device that synthesizes a nucleotide sequence that encodes a set of information; and   a reading device that interprets the nucleotide sequence by decoding the interpreted nucleotide sequence into the set of information,   wherein the reading device comprises a molecular electronics sensor, the sensor comprising a pair of spaced apart electrodes and a polymerase enzyme molecule coupled to the electrodes in a molecular electronics circuit, and   wherein the molecular electronics sensor produces distinguishable signals in a measurable electrical parameter of the molecular electronics sensor, when interpreting the nucleotide sequence.   
     
     
         2 . The information storage system of  claim 1 , wherein the polymerase enzyme molecule is coupled to each electrode by a single bridge molecule attached to and connecting the electrodes, wherein the polymerase enzyme is conjugated to the bridge molecule. 
     
     
         3 . The information storage system of  claim 1 , wherein the polymerase enzyme molecule is coupled to each electrode by two arm molecules, one attached to each electrode, wherein the arm molecules are conjugated to two distinct sites on the polymerase enzyme. 
     
     
         4 . The information storage system of  claim 1 , wherein the polymerase enzyme molecule is directly conjugated to the electrodes. 
     
     
         5 . The information storage system of  claim 1 , wherein the set of information is binary. 
     
     
         6 . The information storage system of  claim 1 , wherein the nucleotide sequence comprises a DNA sequence. 
     
     
         7 . The information storage system of  claim 6 , further comprising at least one of error detecting schemes or error correction schemes for minimizing errors within the DNA sequence. 
     
     
         8 . The information storage system of  claim 1 , wherein the writing device comprises a CMOS chip based array of actuator pixels for DNA synthesis, the actuator pixels directing voltage/current or light-mediated deprotection with a DNA synthesis reaction comprising phosphoramidite or ligation chemistries. 
     
     
         9 . The information storage system of  claim 1 , wherein the measurable electrical parameter of the sensor is modulated by enzymatic activity of the polymerase enzyme molecule. 
     
     
         10 . The information storage system of  claim 1 , wherein the molecular electronics sensor is part of a CMOS sensor array chip further comprising a plurality of molecular electronics sensors and supporting pixel circuitry that performs measurements of the measurable electrical parameter. 
     
     
         11 . The information storage system of  claim 1 , wherein the molecular electronics sensor further comprises a gate electrode adjacent the spaced apart electrodes. 
     
     
         12 . A method of interpreting a set of information encoded in a nucleotide sequence of a DNA molecule, the method comprising:
 supplying the DNA molecule to a molecular electronics sensor capable of producing distinguishable signals in a measurable electrical parameter of the molecular electronics sensor relating to the set of information;   generating the distinguishable signals; and   converting the distinguishable signals into the set of information,   wherein the molecular electronics sensor comprises a pair of spaced apart electrodes and a polymerase enzyme molecule coupled to the electrodes in a molecular electronics circuit, and   wherein the measurable electrical parameter of the molecular electronics sensor is modulated by enzymatic activity of the polymerase enzyme molecule.   
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 12 , wherein the set of information is binary. 
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 12 , wherein the polymerase enzyme molecule is coupled to each electrode by a single bridge molecule attached to and connecting the electrodes, wherein the polymerase enzyme is conjugated to the bridge molecule. 
     
     
         15 . The method of  claim 12 , wherein the polymerase enzyme molecule is coupled to each electrode by two arm molecules, one attached to each electrode, wherein the arm molecules are conjugated to two distinct sites on the polymerase enzyme. 
     
     
         16 . The method of  claim 12 , wherein the polymerase enzyme molecule is directly conjugated to the electrodes. 
     
     
         17 . A method of archiving and retrieving a set of information, the method comprising:
 converting the set of information through an encoding scheme into a nucleotide sequence that encodes the set of information;   synthesizing a DNA molecule comprising the nucleotide sequence;   exposing the DNA molecule to a molecular electronics sensor capable of producing distinguishable signals in a measurable electrical parameter of the molecular electronics sensor relating to the set of information; and   converting the distinguishable signals into the set of information,   wherein the molecular electronics sensor comprises a pair of spaced apart electrodes and a polymerase enzyme molecule coupled to the electrodes in a molecular electronics circuit, and   wherein the measurable electrical parameter of the molecular electronics sensor is modulated by enzymatic activity of the polymerase enzyme molecule as the polymerase enzyme molecule processes the DNA molecule.   
     
     
         18 . The method of  claim 17 , wherein the polymerase enzyme molecule is coupled to each electrode by a single bridge molecule attached to and connecting the electrodes, wherein the polymerase enzyme is conjugated to the bridge molecule. 
     
     
         19 . The method of  claim 17 , wherein the set of information is binary. 
     
     
         20 . The method of  claim 17 , wherein the encoding scheme comprises any one or combination of binary encoding schemes BES 1 , BES 2 , BES 3 , BES 4 , BES 5  and BES 6 .