Dialysis system and methods

Abstract

Dialysis systems and methods are described which can include a number of features. The dialysis systems described can be to provide dialysis therapy to a patient in the comfort of their own home. The dialysis system can be configured to prepare purified water from a tap water source in real-time that is used for creating a dialysate solution. The dialysis systems described also include features that make it easy for a patient to self-administer therapy. For example, the dialysis systems include disposable cartridge and patient tubing sets that are easily installed on the dialysis system and automatically align the tubing set, sensors, venous drip chamber, and other features with the corresponding components on the dialysis system. Methods of use are also provided, including automated priming sequences, blood return sequences, and dynamic balancing methods for controlling a rate of fluid transfer during different types of dialysis, including hemodialysis, ultrafiltration, and hemodiafiltration.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A method of testing for leaks in a tubing set of a dialysis system, comprising:
 pressurizing a first segment of the tubing set;   measuring a baseline pressure of the first segment tubing set;   exposing a second segment of the tubing set to the pressurized first segment;   measuring a pressure of the second segment of the tubing set; and   comparing the measured pressure of the second segment to the baseline pressure of the tubing set to identify a leak in the second segment.   
     
     
         2 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein exposing the second segment further comprises opening one or more pinch valves of the tubing set. 
     
     
         3 . The method of  claim 1 , further comprising monitoring the pressure of the second segment for a pressure decay rate that exceeds a pressure decay threshold to identify a leak in the second segment.