Fertilizer and plant growth promoter to increase plant yield and method of increasing plant yield

Abstract

A slow release carbohydrate/bicarbonate/nitrogen fertilizer which includes: a nitrogen component selected from the group consisting of a urea compound, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate; a bicarbonate component selected from the group consisting of ammonium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate and sodium bicarbonate; and a soluble carbohydrate component selected from the group consisting of a starch and a sugar, wherein the fertilizer is applied to increase crop yield and increase protein levels in plant products by placing the aforesaid fertilizer beneath the surface of soil on which is growing cultivated plants.

1 . A slow release fertilizer comprising:
 a nitrogen source comprising a combination of 2 to 75 wt % urea and 10 to 85 wt % ammonium bicarbonate;   a carbohydrate in an amount of 1 to 35 wt %; and   at least one alkali bicarbonate in an amount of 10 to 80 wt % selected from the group consisting of potassium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, or a mixture of potassium bicarbonate and sodium bicarbonate, wherein the slow-release fertilizer is in a solid or semi-solid form, and the wt % is based on the total weight of the slow-release composition.   
     
     
         2 . The fertilizer of  claim 1 , wherein the nitrogen source comprises at least one of urea ammonium nitrate (UAN), monoammonium phosphate (MAP), and diammonium phosphate (DAP). 
     
     
         3 . The fertilizer of  claim 1  wherein the nitrogen source comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of ureaform, urea formaldehyde, methylene urea, methylene diurea and dimethylenetriurea. 
     
     
         4 . The fertilizer of  claim 1 , wherein the carbohydrate comprises at least one of a starch or a sugar. 
     
     
         5 . The fertilizer of  claim 4 , wherein the starch is selected from the group consisting of corn starch, rice starch, wheat starch, tapioca starch, cassava starch, and potato starch. 
     
     
         6 . The fertilizer of  claim 4 , wherein the sugar is selected from the group consisting of glucose, sucrose, fructose, maltose, galactose, and lactose. 
     
     
         7 . The fertilizer of  claim 4 , wherein the sugar is corn syrup. 
     
     
         8 . The fertilizer of  claim 1 , wherein the fertilizer is in the form of a tablet or granule having a diameter of 0.15-5.10 cm. 
     
     
         9 . The fertilizer of  claim 1 , wherein the fertilizer is in the form of a package having a diameter of 0.15-5.10 cm. 
     
     
         10 . The package of  claim 9 , wherein the package is biodegradable. 
     
     
         11 . The fertilizer of  claim 1 , wherein the fertilizer is a blend of granules or tablets. 
     
     
         12 . The fertilizer of  claim 1 , further comprising bio-degradable binders, lubricants, glidants, and antiadherents. 
     
     
         13 . The fertilizer of  claim 1 , wherein the amount of urea is 2 to 55 wt % and the amount of ammonium bicarbonate is 10 to 65 wt %. 
     
     
         14 . The fertilizer of  claim 1 , wherein the amount of urea is 5 to 45 wt % and the amount of ammonium bicarbonate is 15 to 55 wt %. 
     
     
         15 . The fertilizer of  claim 1 , wherein the nitrogen source further comprises at least one of ammonium sulfate, and ammonium nitrate. 
     
     
         16 . The fertilizer of  claim 1 , wherein the slow release fertilizer is a synergistic composition. 
     
     
         17 . The fertilizer of  claim 1 , wherein the fertilizer provides an increase in protein in the product. 
     
     
         18 . The fertilizer of  claim 1 , wherein the fertilizer is a slow release synergistic composition and provides an increase in rice yield by at least 50% compared to rice grown without the slow release synergistic composition. 
     
     
         19 . The fertilizer of  claim 1 , wherein the fertilizer is a slow release synergistic composition and provides increased protein in rice product by at least 2% compared to rice grown without the slow release synergistic composition. 
     
     
         20 . The fertilizer of  claim 1 , wherein the slow release fertilizer provides a slow release of bicarbonate to water over a period of from 1 day to 21 days after application to a root zone of a plant at a pH of from 6.5 to 10 so that the roots of the plant absorbs the bicarbonate or carbon dioxide from the water over the period of from 1 day to 21 days from application to the root zone. 
     
     
         21 . The fertilizer of  claim 1 , wherein the fertilizer is a slow release synergistic composition and provides an increase in rice yield by at least 100% compared to rice grown without the slow release synergistic composition. 
     
     
         22 . The fertilizer of  claim 1 , wherein the amount of urea is 2 to 55 wt % and the amount of ammonium bicarbonate is 10 to 65 wt % and the at least one alkali bicarbonate is in the amount of 15 to 55 wt % selected from the group consisting of potassium bicarbonate and sodium bicarbonate, or a combination of potassium bicarbonate and sodium bicarbonate wherein the slow release fertilizer is in a solid or semi-solid form and the carbohydrate is at least one of a starch or a sugar in an amount of 1.4 to 10.0 wt %. 
     
     
         23 . The fertilizer of  claim 1 , wherein the fertilizer provides an increased yield of a crop that is not grown in a water regime wherein the crop is selected from the group corn, wheat, cotton, barley, cassava, sugar beets, energy grasses, and other crops. 
     
     
         24 . The fertilizer of  claim 1 , wherein the fertilizer is a slow release synergistic composition and the fertilizer provides increased uptake of nitrogen by rice by up to 100% more than expected because of a synergism that dramatically improves the nitrogen efficiency of the fertilizer over fertilizer without the slow release synergistic composition. 
     
     
         25 . The fertilizer of  claim 1  wherein the fertilizer is a slow release synergistic composition and the fertilizer provides an increased yield for plants grown in a water regime selected from the group of rice, wild rice, sugarcane, water chestnut, lotus, taro, water spinach, watercress, water celery, arrowroot, sago, palm, nipa palm, marsh-type or Fen grasses. 
     
     
         26 . The fertilizer of  claim 1 , wherein the carbohydrate is sucrose or corn starch or a combination of sucrose and corn starch.