Hydraulic fracture composition and method

Abstract

A method for improving the performance of fracturing processes in oil production fields may rely on polymer coated particles carried in the fracturing fluid. The particles may include heavy substrates, such as sand, ceramic sand, or the like coated with polymers selected to absorb water, increasing the area and volume to travel more readily with the flow of fluid without settling out, or allowing the substrate to settle out. Ultimately, the substrate may become lodged in the fissures formed by the pressure or hydraulic fracturing, resulting in propping open of the fissures for improved productivity.

What is claimed and desired to be secured by United States Letters Patent is: 
     
         1 . A method for producing a self-suspending proppant particle, the method comprising:
 providing a substrate, constituted as discrete particles;   providing a binder;   providing a first composition containing a polymer, and formed as a first powder;   coating the substrate individually with the binder;   forming granules by coating the binder on the substrate individually with the first powder;   providing a second composition containing a flowing agent to increase flowability of the resultant granules, and formed as a second powder; and   forming granules by coating the first powder on the substrate individually with the second powder, wherein the self-suspending proppant particles are configured to remain suspended in a 1000 ppm CaCO3 aqueous solution for at least 30 minutes at a temperature of approximately 170° F.   
     
     
         2 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the second composition is selected from the group consisting of sodium aluminosilicate, fumed silica, potassium aluminosilicate, calcium aluminosilicate, silicon dioxide, calcium silicate, powdered cellulose, whey protein, and DFC. 
     
     
         3 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the second composition is whey protein. 
     
     
         4 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the first composition comprises a plurality of polymers, distinct from one another. 
     
     
         5 . The method of  claim 3 , where in the first composition comprises a plurality of polymers, distinct from one another. 
     
     
         6 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the second composition comprises at least two compounds selecting from the group consisting of sodium aluminosilicate, fumed silica, potassium aluminosilicate, calcium aluminosilicate, silicon dioxide, calcium silicate, powdered cellulose, whey protein, and DFC. 
     
     
         7 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the second composition consists of whey protein and fumed silica. 
     
     
         8 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the second composition consists of whey protein and sodium aluminosilicate. 
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the substrate has a first density and the first powder has a second density, the first density being greater than the second density. 
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 9 , wherein the first and second densities are selected, and the size of the granules is selected to effect sinking the polymer, by the substrate, into a fluid. 
     
     
         11 . The method of  claim 10 , wherein the fluid is moving as a carrier, characterized by a viscosity, and the polymer is selected based on its effectiveness to increase in size by absorbing the fluid. 
     
     
         12 . A method for producing a proppant particle, the method comprising:
 providing a substrate, constituted as discrete particles;   providing a water soluble material as a binder;   providing a first composition containing a polymer, and formed as a first powder, wherein the substrate has a first density and the first powder has a second density, the first density being greater than the second density;   coating the substrate individually with the binder;   forming granules by coating the binder on the substrate individually with the first powder;   providing a second composition containing a flowing agent to increase flowability of the resultant granules, and formed as a second powder, wherein the second composition is selected from the group consisting of sodium aluminosilicate, fumed silica, potassium aluminosilicate, calcium aluminosilicate, silicon dioxide, calcium silicate, powdered cellulose, whey protein, and DFC; and   forming granules by coating the first powder on the substrate individually with the second powder, wherein the proppant particles are configured to remain suspended in a 1000 ppm CaCO3 aqueous solution for at least 30 minutes at a temperature of approximately 170° F.   
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 12 , wherein the second composition consists of whey protein and fumed silica. 
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 12 , wherein the second composition consists of whey protein and sodium aluminosilicate. 
     
     
         15 . The method of  claim 12 , wherein the first and second densities are selected, and the size of the granules is selected to effect sinking the polymer, by the substrate, into a fluid. 
     
     
         16 . The method of  claim 15 , wherein the fluid is moving as a carrier, characterized by a viscosity, and the polymer is selected based on its effectiveness to increase in size by absorbing the fluid. 
     
     
         17 . The method of  claim 12 , wherein the substrate is a proppant selected from the group consisting of a sand, a ceramic, and a rock product. 
     
     
         18 . A method for producing a proppant particle, the method comprising:
 providing a substrate comprising discrete particles;   providing a binder;   providing a first composition containing a plurality of polymers formed as powders and distinct from one another;   coating the substrate individually with the binder;   forming granules by coating the binder on the substrate individually with the first composition;   providing a second composition containing a flowing agent to increase flowability of the resultant granules, and formed as a second powder, wherein the second composition is selected from the group consisting of sodium aluminosilicate, fumed silica, potassium aluminosilicate, calcium aluminosilicate, silicon dioxide, calcium silicate, powdered cellulose, whey protein, and DFC; and   forming granules by coating the first powder on the substrate individually with the second powder, wherein the proppant particles are configured to remain suspended in a 1000 ppm CaCO3 aqueous solution for at least 30 minutes at a temperature of approximately 170° F.   
     
     
         19 . The method of  claim 18 , wherein the substrate is a proppant selected from the group consisting of a sand, a ceramic, and a rock product. 
     
     
         20 . The method of  claim 19 , wherein the second composition comprises a plurality of flowing agents, distinct from one another.