Photovoltaic-photothermal reaction complementary full-spectrum solar utilization system

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a photovoltaic-photothermal reaction complementary full-spectrum solar utilization system, comprising: a waveband thermal reactor having a reactant flow channel and a reaction chamber therein, a photovoltaic cell attached to a surface of the waveband thermal reactor, and a full spectrum concentrator configured to concentrate full spectrum sunlight onto a surface of the photovoltaic cell, wherein the full spectrum concentrating device concentrates the full spectrum sunlight onto a upper surface of the opaque or transmissive photovoltaic cell, wherein a portion of the sunlight is converted into electric energy and another portion of the sunlight is converted into thermal energy, and wherein the thermal energy is utilized by the waveband thermal reactor to preheat reactant(s) in the reaction chamber and to make a portion of the reactant(s) to undergo an endothermic chemical reaction such that the thermal energy is stored as chemical energy.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A photovoltaic-photothermal reaction complementary full-spectrum solar energy utilization system, comprising:
 a waveband thermal reactor having a reactant flow channel and a reaction chamber therein,   a photovoltaic cell attached to a surface of the waveband thermal reactor, and   a full spectrum concentrating device configured to concentrate full spectrum sunlight to a surface of the photovoltaic cell,   wherein the full spectrum concentrating device concentrates the full spectrum sunlight to an upper surface of the photovoltaic cell,   wherein a first portion of solar energy is converted into electric energy and a second portion of the solar energy is converted into thermal energy, and   wherein the thermal energy is utilized by the waveband thermal reactor to preheat reactant(s) in the reaction chamber and to cause a portion of the reactant(s) to undergo an endothermic chemical reaction such that the thermal energy is stored as chemical energy,   wherein the photovoltaic cell is an opaque photovoltaic cell; and   wherein the waveband thermal reactor absorbs the thermal energy to preheat the reactant(s) in the reaction chamber and to cause a portion of the reactant(s) to undergo an endothermic chemical reaction to store the thermal energy as the chemical energy.   
     
     
         2 . The full-spectrum solar energy utilization system according to  claim 1 ,
 wherein the opaque photovoltaic cell comprises a transmissive photovoltaic cell and a reflective film arranged between the transmissive photovoltaic cell and the waveband thermal reactor;   wherein the waveband photothermal reactor is arranged at a position where the full spectrum sunlight reflected by the reflective film transmitted through the waveband thermal reactor is receivable; and   wherein the full spectrum sunlight is directed onto the transmissive photovoltaic cell, and the second portion of the full spectrum sunlight is transmitted through the transmissive photovoltaic cell, then reflected by the reflective film, transmitted through the transmissive photovoltaic cell again and projected onto the waveband photothermal reactor.   
     
     
         3 . The full-spectrum solar energy utilization system according to  claim 2 ,
 wherein a surface of the reflective film that faces the full spectrum sunlight is a flat surface, a curved surface, or a combination thereof.   
     
     
         4 . The full-spectrum solar energy utilization system according to  claim 2 ,
 wherein an angle at which the reflective film is inclined with respect to an incident direction of the full spectrum sunlight is adjustable.   
     
     
         5 . The full-spectrum solar energy utilization system according to  claim 1 ,
 wherein the full spectrum concentrating device is one of a trough solar concentrating device, a Fresnel solar concentrating device, a compound parabolic solar concentrating device, a tower solar concentrating device and a disc solar concentrating device, or a combination thereof.   
     
     
         6 . The full-spectrum solar energy utilization system according to  claim 1 ,
 wherein the reactant is methanol, and the endothermic chemical reaction is a methanol decomposition reaction; or   wherein the reactant is dimethyl ether, and the endothermic chemical reaction is a dimethyl ether decomposition reaction; or   wherein the reactants are methanol and steam, and the endothermic chemical reaction is a methanol steam reforming reaction; or   wherein the reactants are dimethyl ether and steam, and the endothermic chemical reaction is a dimethyl ether steam reforming reaction; or   wherein the reactants are ethanol and steam, and the endothermic chemical reaction is an ethanol steam reforming reaction; or   wherein the reactants are methane and steam, and the endothermic chemical reaction is a methane steam reforming reaction; or   wherein the reactants are methane and carbon dioxide, and the endothermic chemical reaction is a methane carbon dioxide reforming reaction; or   wherein the reactant is steam, and the endothermic reaction is a water decomposition reaction; or   wherein the reactant is carbon dioxide, and the endothermic reaction is a carbon dioxide decomposition reaction.   
     
     
         7 . The full-spectrum solar energy utilization system according to  claim 1 , further comprising:
 a power generation device connected to an outlet of the reactant flow channel of the waveband thermal reactor to do work and/or generate electricity using the reactant(s) or product(s) produced after the endothermic chemical reaction of the reactant(s).   
     
     
         8 . The full-spectrum solar energy utilization system according to  claim 7 ,
 wherein the power generation device is one or more of a gas-steam combined cycle power generation system, an internal combustion engine power generation system, and a fuel cell power generation system.   
     
     
         9 . The full-spectrum solar energy utilization system according to  claim 2 ,
 wherein the full spectrum concentrating device is one of a trough solar concentrating device, a Fresnel solar concentrating device, a compound parabolic solar concentrating device, a tower solar concentrating device and a disc solar concentrating device, or a combination thereof.   
     
     
         10 . The full-spectrum solar energy utilization system according to  claim 2 ,
 wherein the reactant is methanol, and the endothermic chemical reaction is a methanol decomposition reaction; or   wherein the reactant is dimethyl ether, and the endothermic chemical reaction is a dimethyl ether decomposition reaction; or   wherein the reactants are methanol and steam, and the endothermic chemical reaction is a methanol steam reforming reaction; or   wherein the reactants are dimethyl ether and steam, and the endothermic chemical reaction is a dimethyl ether steam reforming reaction; or   wherein the reactants are ethanol and steam, and the endothermic chemical reaction is an ethanol steam reforming reaction; or   wherein the reactants are methane and steam, and the endothermic chemical reaction is a methane steam reforming reaction; or   wherein the reactants are methane and carbon dioxide, and the endothermic chemical reaction is a methane carbon dioxide reforming reaction; or   wherein the reactant is steam, and the endothermic reaction is a water decomposition reaction; or   wherein the reactant is carbon dioxide, and the endothermic reaction is a carbon dioxide decomposition reaction.   
     
     
         11 . The full-spectrum solar energy utilization system according to  claim 2 , further comprising:
 a power generation device connected to an outlet of the reactant flow channel of the waveband thermal reactor to do work and/or generate electricity using the reactant(s) or product(s) produced after the endothermic chemical reaction of the reactant(s).   
     
     
         12 . The full-spectrum solar energy utilization system according to  claim 11 ,
 wherein the power generation device is one or more of a gas-steam combined cycle power generation system, an internal combustion engine power generation system, and a fuel cell power generation system.   
     
     
         13 . The full-spectrum solar energy utilization system according to  claim 3 ,
 wherein the full spectrum concentrating device is one of a trough solar concentrating device, a Fresnel solar concentrating device, a compound parabolic solar concentrating device, a tower solar concentrating device and a disc solar concentrating device, or a combination thereof.   
     
     
         14 . The full-spectrum solar energy utilization system according to  claim 3 ,
 wherein the reactant is methanol, and the endothermic chemical reaction is a methanol decomposition reaction; or   wherein the reactant is dimethyl ether, and the endothermic chemical reaction is a dimethyl ether decomposition reaction; or   wherein the reactants are methanol and steam, and the endothermic chemical reaction is a methanol steam reforming reaction; or   wherein the reactants are dimethyl ether and steam, and the endothermic chemical reaction is a dimethyl ether steam reforming reaction; or   wherein the reactants are ethanol and steam, and the endothermic chemical reaction is an ethanol steam reforming reaction; or   wherein the reactants are methane and steam, and the endothermic chemical reaction is a methane steam reforming reaction; or   wherein the reactants are methane and carbon dioxide, and the endothermic chemical reaction is a methane carbon dioxide reforming reaction; or   wherein the reactant is steam, and the endothermic reaction is a water decomposition reaction; or   wherein the reactant is carbon dioxide, and the endothermic reaction is a carbon dioxide decomposition reaction.   
     
     
         15 . The full-spectrum solar energy utilization system according to  claim 3 , further comprising:
 a power generation device connected to an outlet of the reactant flow channel of the waveband thermal reactor to do work and/or generate electricity using the reactant(s) or product(s) produced after the endothermic chemical reaction of the reactant(s).   
     
     
         16 . The full-spectrum solar energy utilization system according to  claim 15 ,
 wherein the power generation device is one or more of a gas-steam combined cycle power generation system, an internal combustion engine power generation system, and a fuel cell power generation system.   
     
     
         17 . The full-spectrum solar energy utilization system according to  claim 4 ,
 wherein the full spectrum concentrating device is one of a trough solar concentrating device, a Fresnel solar concentrating device, a compound parabolic solar concentrating device, a tower solar concentrating device and a disc solar concentrating device, or a combination thereof.   
     
     
         18 . The full-spectrum solar energy utilization system according to  claim 4 ,
 wherein the reactant is methanol, and the endothermic chemical reaction is a methanol decomposition reaction; or   wherein the reactant is dimethyl ether, and the endothermic chemical reaction is a dimethyl ether decomposition reaction; or   wherein the reactants are methanol and steam, and the endothermic chemical reaction is a methanol steam reforming reaction; or   wherein the reactants are dimethyl ether and steam, and the endothermic chemical reaction is a dimethyl ether steam reforming reaction; or   wherein the reactants are ethanol and steam, and the endothermic chemical reaction is an ethanol steam reforming reaction; or   wherein the reactants are methane and steam, and the endothermic chemical reaction is a methane steam reforming reaction; or   wherein the reactants are methane and carbon dioxide, and the endothermic chemical reaction is a methane carbon dioxide reforming reaction; or   wherein the reactant is steam, and the endothermic reaction is a water decomposition reaction; or   wherein the reactant is carbon dioxide, and the endothermic reaction is a carbon dioxide decomposition reaction.   
     
     
         19 . The full-spectrum solar energy utilization system according to  claim 4 , further comprising:
 a power generation device connected to an outlet of the reactant flow channel of the waveband thermal reactor to do work and/or generate electricity using the reactant(s) or product(s) produced after the endothermic chemical reaction of the reactant(s).   
     
     
         20 . The full-spectrum solar energy utilization system according to  claim 19 ,
 wherein the power generation device is one or more of a gas-steam combined cycle power generation system, an internal combustion engine power generation system, and a fuel cell power generation system.