Electrodes and currents through the use of organic and organometallic high dielectric constant materials in energy storage devices and associated methods

Abstract

Improved electrodes and currents through the use of organic and organometallic high dielectric constant materials containing dispersed conductive particles in energy storage devices and associated methods are disclosed. According to an aspect, a dielectric material includes at least one layer of a substantially continuous phase material comprising a combination of organometallic having delocalized electrons, organic compositions and containing metal particles in dispersed form, in another aspect, the novel material is used with a porous electrode to further increase charge and discharge currents.

What is claimed: 
     
         1 . A dielectric material comprising:
 at least one layer of a substantially continuous phase material comprising a combination of organometallic having delocalized electrons, organic compositions and containing metal particles in dispersed form.   
     
     
         2 . The dielectric material of  claim 1 , wherein the organometallic is Metal-Phthalocyanine. 
     
     
         3 . The dielectric material of  claim 2 , wherein the Metal-Phthalocyanine is selected from the group consisting of Copper-Phthalocyanine, Zinc-Phthalocyanine, Magnesium-Phthalocyanine, Nickel-Phthalocyanine, Iron-Phthalocyanine, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         4 . The dielectric material of  claim 1 , wherein the organometallic materials are in particulate form having an average particle size between 0.05 and 10 micron and are dispersed in organic compositions. 
     
     
         6 . The dielectric material of claim  5 , wherein one of the organic compositions include organic components selected from the group consisting of ethyl cellulose, polymethylmethacrylate, epoxies, silicones, polyurethane, acrylates, isocyantes, tripropylene glycol, glycerol, phthalate esters, Phthalocyanine, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         7 . The dielectric material of  claim 6 , wherein the organic compositions further comprise a solvent. 
     
     
         8 . The dielectric material of  claim 1 , wherein the metal particles are from a group consisting of Copper, Titanium, Chromium, Manganese, Iron, Cobalt, Nickel, Zinc, Aluminum, Zirconium, Molybdenum, Silver, Gold, Tungsten and combinations thereof and/or alloys thereof. 
     
     
         9 . The dielectric material of  claim 1 , wherein the metal particles are in powder form having an average particle size between 0.05 and !Omicron and dispersed in the organic compositions from a group consisting of Copper, Titanium, Chromium, Manganese, Iron, Cobalt, Nickel, Zinc, Aluminum, Zirconium, Molybdenum, Silver, Gold, Tungsten and combinations thereof and/or alloys thereof. 
     
     
         10 . The dielectric material of  claim 1 , wherein the continuous phase material comprises a second dielectric material in dispersed form. 
     
     
         11 . The dielectric material of  claim 10 , wherein the second dielectric material is selected from the group consisting of BaTiO3, Ferroelectric, relaxor dielectric, alumina, silica, activated silica, aluminosilicates, alkali aluminosilicates, alkaline aluminosilicates, Zeolites, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         12 . The dielectric material of  claim 1 , wherein the dielectric material comprises at least two layers disposed one on top of the other, each of the layers being formed of a material selected from the group consisting of organic compositions, organometallic having delocalized electrons, and metal particles in dispersed form and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         13 . The dielectric material of  claim 11 , wherein the dielectric material contains at least two layers, each layer formed of material from the group consisting of organic, organometallic having delocalized electrons, and metal powders in dispersed form and combinations thereof, and further comprises an inner layer disposed between each of the at least two layers. 
     
     
         13 . The inner layer having an organic vehicle containing conductive particles disposed therein. 
     
     
         14 . The dielectric material of any  claim 12 , wherein at least one of the at least two layers contains a dispersed dielectric material in dispersed form, wherein the dielectric material is selected from the group consisting of BaTiO3, alumina, silica, active silica aluminosilicates, alkali aluminosilicates, alkaline aluminosilicates, Zeolites or an organic such as Bismaleimide-Triazine, cyanate ester, epoxy, silicones, polystyrenes and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         15 . The dielectric material of  claim 1 , wherein the material is applied between a pair of spaced-apart porous or solid electrodes to form a charge storage device. 
     
     
         16 . The dielectric material of  claim 15 , wherein the electrodes comprise conductive materials selected from the group consisting of metals, metal alloys, carbon base conductors, graphene, activated carbon, carbon-nano-tubes, conductive polymers, and organic polymers doped with carbon base conductors and metals, and combinations thereof to form solid or porous electrodes. 
     
     
         17 . A method for producing a dielectric material, comprising at least one layer of a substantially continuous phase material comprising a combination of organometallic having delocalized electrons, organic compositions and metal particles in dispersed form. 
     
     
         18 . The method of  claim 17 , comprising partially sintering under heat and/or pressure the layer containing substantially continuous phase material comprising a combination of organometallic having delocalized electrons, organic compositions and metal particles in dispersed form. 
     
     
         19 . A method for stacking multiple charge storage devices in  claim 15  device comprising dielectric material, comprising at least one layer of a substantially continuous phase material comprising a combination of organometallic having delocalized electrons, organic compositions and metal particles in dispersed form. 
     
     
         20 . A method of  claim 19 , comprising partially sintering under heat and/or pressure at least two charge storage devices.