Selective weed control with halauxifen or 4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluoro-6-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl) pyridine-2-carboxylic acid or derivatives thereof in vineyards or perennial crops

Abstract

4-Amino-3-chloro-6-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (halauxifen) or 4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluoro-6-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)pyridine-2-carboxylic acid or agriculturally acceptable esters or salts of either are used for selective pre-emergence and post-emergence control of undesirable vegetation in the presence of vine crops such as grapes and other perennial crops.

1 .- 17 . (canceled) 
     
     
         18 . A method for the selective pre-emergence and post-emergence control of undesirable vegetation in perennial crops which comprises applying a herbicidally effective amount of halauxifen (4-amino-3-chloro-6-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)pyridine-2-carboxylic acid) or 4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluoro-6-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid or an agriculturally acceptable ester or salt of either directly to the unwanted vegetation or the locus thereof or to the area where control of the undesirable vegetation is desired with foliar exposure of the perennial crop being avoided,
 wherein the haluaxifen herbicide or and agriculturally acceptable ester or salt thereof is applied at a rate of 2 to 35 g ae/ha, or   wherein the 4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluoro-6-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid or an agriculturally acceptable ester or salt thereof is applied at a rate of 5 to 50 g ai/ha.   
     
     
         19 . The method of  claim 18  wherein the herbicide is haluaxifen (4-amino-3-chloro-6-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)pyridine-2-carboxylic acid) or agriculturally acceptable ester or salt thereof. 
     
     
         20 . The method of  claim 19  wherein the halauxifen herbicide is halauxifen-methyl (methyl 4-amino-3-chloro-6-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)pyridine-2-carboxylate). 
     
     
         21 . The method of  claim 19  wherein the halauxifen herbicide is applied at a rate of 2.5 to 35 g ae/ha. 
     
     
         22 . The method of  claim 20  wherein the halauxifen-methyl is applied at a rate of 2.5 to 20 g ae/ha. 
     
     
         23 . The method of  claim 18  wherein the herbicide is 4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluoro-6-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)pyridine-2-carboxylic acid or agriculturally acceptable ester or salt thereof. 
     
     
         24 . The method of  claim 23  wherein the herbicide is benzyl 4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluoro-6-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)pyridine-2-carboxylate. 
     
     
         25 . (canceled) 
     
     
         26 . (canceled) 
     
     
         27 . The method of  claim 18  wherein halauxifen or 4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluoro-6-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)pyridine-2-carboxylic acid or an agriculturally acceptable ester or salt of either is applied pre-emergence to the undesirable vegetation. 
     
     
         28 . The method of  claim 18  wherein halauxifen or 4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluoro-6-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)pyridine-2-carboxylic acid or an agriculturally acceptable ester or salt of either is applied post-emergence to the undesirable vegetation. 
     
     
         29 . The method of  claim 18  wherein the perennial crop is tree and fruit orchards selected from the group consisting of almond, apple, apricot, avocado, beechnut, Brazil nut, butternut, cashew, cherry, chestnut, chinquapin, citrus, crab apple, date, feijoa, fig, filbert, hickory nut, grapefruit, kiwi, lemon, lime, loquat, macadamia nut, mandarin, mayhaws, nectarine, olives, oranges (sweet and sour), peach, pear, pecan, persimmon, pistachio, plum, pome fruit, pomegranates, prune, quince, stone fruit, tangerine, tangelo, tree nuts, and walnut; and perennial plantation crops including rubber, oil palm, coffee, cacao, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         30 . The method of  claim 18  wherein the undesirable vegetation includes chickweed ( Stellaria media ), pigweed ( Amaranthus  spp.), common lambsquarters ( Chenopodium album ), hairy fleabane ( Conyza bonariensis ), horseweed ( Conyza canadensis ), coast fiddleneck ( Amsinckia intermedia ), Shepherd's purse ( Capsella bursa - pastoris ), rock purslane ( Calandrinia ciliata ), redstem filaree ( Erodium cicutarium ), wall barley ( Hordeum murinam ), morningglory ( Ipomoea  spp), smallflower malva ( Malva parviflora ), California burclover ( Medicago polymorpha ), annual bluegrass ( Poa annua ), witchgrass ( Panicum capillare ), quackgrass ( Agropyron repens ) or giant foxtail ( Setaria faberi ) 
     
     
         31 . The method of  claim 18  wherein the herbicidally effective amount of halauxifen or 4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluoro-6-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)pyridine-2-carboxylic acid or an agriculturally acceptable ester or salt of either, is applied in a dormant application when perennial crops are dormant but winter annual weeds are actively growing. 
     
     
         32 . The method of  claim 18  wherein the herbicidally effective amount of halauxifen or 4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluoro-6-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)pyridine-2-carboxylic acid or an agriculturally acceptable ester or salt of either is applied in a spring or summer application when both perennial crops and weeds are actively growing. 
     
     
         33 . The method of  claim 18  wherein the herbicidally effective amount of halauxifen or 4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluoro-6-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)pyridine-2-carboxylic acid or an agriculturally acceptable ester or salt of either is applied in a dormant application when perennial crops are dormant but winter annual weeds have not germinated. 
     
     
         34 . The method of  claim 18  wherein the herbicidally effective amount of halauxifen or 4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluoro-6-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)pyridine-2-carboxylic acid or an agriculturally acceptable ester or salt of either is applied under the perennial crops, with foliar exposure of the perennial crops being avoided. 
     
     
         35 . The method of  claim 18  wherein the herbicidally effective amount of halauxifen or 4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluoro-6-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)pyridine-2-carboxylic acid or an agriculturally acceptable ester or salt of either is applied with glyphosate salts and esters, glufosinate-ammonium, paraquat, oxyfluorfen, penoxsulam, flumioxazin, fluroxypyr, clopyralid, flazasulfuron, pendimethalin, isoxaben, indaziflam or saflufenacil. 
     
     
         36 . The method of  claim 18 , wherein the undesirable vegetation comprises a herbicide resistant or tolerant weed, wherein the resistant or tolerant weed is a biotype with resistance or tolerance to single or multiple herbicides, single or multiple chemical classes, and single or multiple herbicide modes-of-action or via single or multiple resistance mechanisms.