Predicting skin age based on the analysis of skin flora and lifestyle data

Abstract

The present invention relates to a combination of experimental and computational workflows that allow characterization of specific molecular mechanisms by which the microbiome contribute to skin health and skin age.

1 .- 20 . (canceled) 
     
     
         21 . A method for treating an individual based on a skin age of the individual, comprising:
 a. receiving metadata related to the individual and a microbiome of the individual, wherein the metadata comprises a parameter selected from the group consisting of lifestyle information of the individual, an ethnicity of the individual, a duration of sleep of the individual, a duration of sun exposure of the individual, a diet of the individual, an antibiotic used by the individual, and a skin care product used by the individual;   b. computer processing the metadata related to the individual and the microbiome of the individual to determine the skin age of the individual;   c. determining, based at least in part on the skin age of the individual, a treatment to provide to the individual to improve the skin age of the individual; and   d. treating the individual with the treatment.   
     
     
         22 . The method of  claim 21 , wherein the metadata further comprises a gender of the individual. 
     
     
         23 . The method of  claim 21 , wherein the treatment comprises a modification of the lifestyle of the individual, a modification of the duration of sleep of the individual, a modification of the duration of sun exposure of the individual, a modification of the diet of the individual, a modification of the antibiotic used by the individual, or a modification of the skin care product used by the individual. 
     
     
         24 . The method of  claim 21 , wherein the skin age of the individual is different from a chronological age of the individual. 
     
     
         25 . The method of  claim 21 , further comprising obtaining a sample from the individual, and assaying the sample to determine the microbiome of the individual. 
     
     
         26 . The method of  claim 25 , wherein the sample is obtained from a skin or subcutaneous tissue of the individual via swipe, scrape, swab, biopsy, or tape. 
     
     
         27 . The method of  claim 25 , wherein the microbiome comprises a plurality of microorganisms selected from the group consisting of bacteria, fungi, and any combination thereof. 
     
     
         28 . The method of  claim 25 , wherein the microbiome comprises a bacteria or a fungi selected from the group consisting of Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Propionibacteria, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Corynebacteria, Actinobacteria, Clostridiales, Lactobacillales,  Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Micrococcus, Streptococcus , Bacteroidales, Flavobacteriales, Firmicutes,  Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, Malassezia , Maydida, Debaroyomyces, and  Cryptococcus.    
     
     
         29 . The method of  claim 25 , wherein the microbiome comprises a bacteria of the genus Propionibacteria, Staphylococci, Corynebacteria, or Acenitobacteria. 
     
     
         30 . The method of  claim 25 , wherein the microbiome comprises a bacteria selected from the group consisting of  Propionibacterium acnes, Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii, Neisseria meningitides , and  Staphylococcus epidermidis.    
     
     
         31 . The method of  claim 25 , wherein the assaying comprises sequencing nucleic acids of the sample to determine the microbiome. 
     
     
         32 . The method of  claim 31 , wherein the sequencing is selected from the group consisting of whole genome sequencing, next-generation sequencing, Sanger-sequencing, 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA) sequencing, and 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) sequencing. 
     
     
         33 . The method of  claim 21 , wherein the treatment comprises a substance that modifies a microbiome of the individual. 
     
     
         34 . The method of  claim 21 , wherein determining the treatment to provide to the individual comprises determining an effect of an antibiotic compound, an antioxidant compound, or an anti-inflammatory compound on a microbiome of the individual. 
     
     
         35 . The method of  claim 34 , wherein the treatment comprises the antibiotic compound, the antioxidant compound, or the anti-inflammatory compound that is determined to improve the skin age of the individual. 
     
     
         36 . The method of  claim 35 , wherein the treatment comprises the antibiotic compound, the antioxidant compound, or the anti-inflammatory compound that is determined to improve the skin age of the individual along with another recommendation to improve the skin age of the individual. 
     
     
         37 . The method of  claim 21 , wherein the computer processing comprises a regression model. 
     
     
         38 . The method of  claim 21 , wherein the computer processing comprises a Bayesian network model. 
     
     
         39 . The method of  claim 21 , wherein the computer processing comprises a random forest model. 
     
     
         40 . The method of  claim 39 , wherein the random forest model determines the skin age of the individual based at least in part on analyzing at least one feature of microbial species or metadata selected from the group listed in  FIG. 6 . 
     
     
         41 . The method of  claim 40 , wherein the random forest model determines the skin age of the individual based at least in part on analyzing at least 5 features of microbial species or metadata selected from the group listed in  FIG. 6 . 
     
     
         42 . The method of  claim 21 , wherein the parameter comprises the duration of sleep of the individual, the duration of sun exposure of the individual, the diet of the individual, the antibiotic used by the individual, or the skin care product used by the individual. 
     
     
         43 . The method of  claim 42 , wherein the parameter comprises the duration of sleep of the individual or the duration of sun exposure of the individual. 
     
     
         44 . The method of  claim 43 , wherein the parameter comprises the duration of sleep of the individual. 
     
     
         45 . The method of  claim 44 , wherein the parameter comprises the duration of sleep of the individual and the duration of sun exposure of the individual.