Non-linear surfactant

Abstract

A non-linear surfactant, and particularly a non-linear surfactant comprising bi-functionalized molecules or particles having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups. The non-linear surfactant includes a nanoparticle template of a rigid molecular structure, wherein the nanoparticle comprises a molecule or a particle that is bi-functionalized with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups to obtain an amphiphilic nanoparticle. The template nanoparticle can be used as a surfactant, wetting agent, emulsifier, detergent or other surface active agents or for the preparation of nanoemulsions or dispersions. The non-linear surfactant can provide smaller particle sizes for emulsion suspensions and foams.

1 - 40 . (canceled) 
     
     
         41 . A non-linear surfactant comprising a) bi-functionalized molecules, b) particles having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups, or combinations of a) and b), said non-linear surfactant includes a rigid molecular base compound, said base compound bi-functionalized with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic functional groups to obtain an amphiphilic particle, said base compound includes an organic ring structure support template of abietic acid, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, steroids, terpenes, squalenes, terpenoids, sterols, graphenes, and their derivatives. 
     
     
         42 . The non-linear surfactant as defined in  claim 41 , wherein said base compound includes one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of said base compound including a compound selected from the group consisting of abietic acid, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, steroids, terpenes, squalenes, terpenoids, sterols, graphenes and their derivatives, said one or more functional groups including a group selected from the group consisting of alcohols, carboxylic acids, esters, anhydrides, amides, nitriles, aldehydes, boron, thiols, amines, ethers, sulphides, alkenes, alkynes, alkyl halides, nitro, and alkyls. 
     
     
         43 . The non-linear surfactant as defined in  claim 41 , wherein said base compound includes one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids, sesterterpenoids, triterpenoids, tetraterpenoids, polyterpenoids, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, sestererpenes, triterpenes, sesquarterpenes, tetraterpenes, polyterpenes, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, bile acids, and abietic acid. 
     
     
         44 . The non-linear surfactant as defined in  claim 41 , wherein said functional groups on said base compound form an ionic surface charge, a hydrophilic region, a hydrophobic region, a lipophilic region, an omniphobic region, and an omniphilic region. 
     
     
         45 . The non-linear surfactant as defined in  claim 41 , wherein said functional groups on said base compound include two or more groups consisting of alcohols, carboxylic acids, esters, anhydrides, amides, nitriles, aldehydes, boron, thiols, amines, ethers, sulphides, alkenes, alkynes, alkyl halides, nitro, and alkyls. 
     
     
         46 . The non-linear surfactant as defined in  claim 41 , wherein said non-linear surfactant includes one or more of 3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid, abieta-7,8,13,14-tetrahydroxy-18-oic-acid, abieta-7-ene-13,14dihydroxy-18-oic-acid, cholic acid, and chenodeoxycholic acid. 
     
     
         47 . The non-linear surfactant as defined in  claim 41 , wherein said non-linear surfactant is attached to an outer surface of a base particle to form a modified particle, said base particle includes one or more materials selected from the group consisting of metal, ceramic, cerment, non-metal, plastic, resins, and metalloid. 
     
     
         48 . The non-linear surfactant as defined in  claim 47 , wherein said base particle includes one or more materials selected form the group consisting of iron, aluminium, magnesium, titanium, tungsten, copper, titanium oxides, silicon oxides, iron oxides, aluminium oxides, magnesium oxides, boron oxides, tungsten oxides, tungsten carbide, boron carbide, silicon carbide, titanium carbide, titanium phosphates, silicon phosphates, clays, and graphites. 
     
     
         49 . The non-linear surfactant as defined in  claim 47 , wherein an average particle size of said base particle is 1 nm to 1 cm. 
     
     
         50 . The non-linear surfactant as defined in  claim 47 , wherein said non-linear surfactant to attach to a surface of said particle covers 30-100% of an outer surface of said particle. 
     
     
         50 . The non-linear surfactant as defined in  claim 46 , wherein said non-linear surfactant constitutes 0.0000001-10 wt. % of said modified particle. 
     
     
         51 . An emulsion comprising a non-linear surfactant as defined in  claim 41 , water and resin particles, said resin particles suspended in said emulsion having an average particle size of less than 0.1 micron, said resin particles constitute about 1-50 wt. % of said emulsion, said non-linear surfactant constitutes about 0.001-5 wt. % of said emulsion, said water constitutes 45-98.999 wt. % of said emulsion. 
     
     
         52 . The emulsion as defined in  claim 51 , wherein said resin particles include particles of polyester resin, epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, and/or silicone resin. 
     
     
         53 . A method for forming a non-linear surfactant comprising:
 a. providing a base compound, said base compound including a compound selected from the group consisting of abietic acid, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, steroids, terpenes, squalenes, terpenoids, sterols, graphenes and their derivatives,   b. reacting said base compound with an oxidative reagent, said oxidative reagent including a reagent selected from the group consisting of ozone, KMnO 4 , H 2 CrO 4 , pyridinium chlorochromate, and peroxides to form a plurality of functional groups on said base compound, said functional groups including one or more groups selected from alcohols, carboxylic acids, esters, anhydrides, amides, nitriles, aldehydes, boron, thiols, amines, ethers, sulphides, alkenes, alkynes, alkyl halides, nitro, and alkyls.   
     
     
         54 . The method as defined in  claim 53 , wherein said base compound includes one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of said base compound including a compound selected from the group consisting of abietic acid, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, steroids, terpenes, squalenes, terpenoids, sterols, graphenes and their derivatives, said one or more functional groups including a group selected from the group consisting of alcohols, carboxylic acids, esters, anhydrides, amides, nitriles, aldehydes, boron, thiols, amines, ethers, sulphides, alkenes, alkynes, alkyl halides, nitro, and alkyls. 
     
     
         55 . The method as defined in  claim 53 , wherein said base compound includes one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids, sesterterpenoids, triterpenoids, tetraterpenoids, polyterpenoids, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, sestererpenes, triterpenes, sesquarterpenes, tetraterpenes, polyterpenes, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, bile acids, and abietic acid. 
     
     
         56 . The method as defined in  claim 53 , wherein said non-linear surfactant includes 3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid, abieta-7,8,13,14-tetrahydroxy-18-oic-acid, abieta-7-ene-13,14dihydroxy-18-oic-acid, cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, and other non-linear molecular surfactants. 
     
     
         57 . The method as defined in  claim 53 , wherein said functional groups on said base compound form an ionic surface charge, a hydrophilic region, a hydrophobic region, a lipophilic region, an omniphobic region, and an omniphilic region. 
     
     
         58 . The method as defined in  claim 53 , wherein said functional groups on said base compound include two or more groups consisting of alcohols, carboxylic acids, esters, anhydrides, amides, nitriles, aldehydes, boron, thiols, amines, ethers, sulphides, alkenes, alkynes, alkyl halides, nitro, and alkyls. 
     
     
         59 . The method as defined in  claim 53 , further including the step of attaching said non-linear surfactant to an outer surface of a base particle to form a modified particle, said base particle includes one or more materials selected from the group consisting of metal, ceramic, cerment, non-metal, plastic, resins, and metalloid. 
     
     
         60 . The method as defined in  claim 59 , wherein said base particle includes one or more materials selected form the group consisting of iron, aluminium, magnesium, titanium, tungsten, copper, titanium oxides, silicon oxides, iron oxides, aluminium oxides, magnesium oxides, boron oxides, tungsten oxides, tungsten carbide, boron carbide, silicon carbide, titanium carbide, titanium phosphates, silicon phosphates, clays, and graphites. 
     
     
         61 . The method as defined in  claim 59 , wherein an average particle size of said base particle is 1 nm to 1 cm. 
     
     
         62 . The method as defined in  claim 59 , wherein said non-linear surfactant to attach to a surface of said particle covers 30-100% of an outer surface of said particle. 
     
     
         63 . The method as defined in  claim 59 , wherein said non-linear surfactant constitutes 0.0000001-10 wt. % of said modified particle.