Fuel additives for mitigating injector nozzle fouling and reducing particulate emissions

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a fuel composition that includes hydrocarbon-based fuel boiling in the gasoline or diesel range; an amine-based detergent given by formula R1—O—(CH2)m—NHR2, wherein the additive is present in about 10 ppm to about 750 ppm by weight based on total weight of the fuel composition; wherein R1 is a hydrocarbylgroup having 8 to 20 carbons, R2 is hydrogen or (CH2)nNH2 moiety, and wherein m, n are independently integers having a value of 3 or greater; and one or more nitrogen-containing detergent.

1 . A fuel composition comprising:
 a hydrocarbon-based fuel boiling in the gasoline or diesel range;   an amine-based detergent given by formula
   R 1 —O—(CH 2 ) m —NHR 2 ,
 
   wherein the amine-based detergent is present in about 10 ppm to about 750 ppm by weight based on total weight of the fuel composition; wherein R 1  is a hydrocarbyl group having 8 to 20 carbons, R 2  is hydrogen or (CH 2 ) n NH 2  moiety, and wherein m, n are independently integers having a value of 3 or greater; and   one or more nitrogen-containing detergent.   
     
     
         2 . The fuel composition of  claim 1 , wherein R 1  is linear or branched. 
     
     
         3 . The fuel composition of  claim 1 , wherein the one or more nitrogen-containing detergent is an aliphatic hydrocarbyl amine, hydrocarbyl-substituted poly(oxyalkylene)amine, hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimide, Mannich reaction product, nitro and amino aromatic ester of polyalkylphenoxyalkanol, or polyalkylphenoxyaminoalkane. 
     
     
         3 . The fuel composition of  claim 1 , wherein the amine-based detergent or the one or more nitrogen-containing detergent is a monoamine or a polyamine. 
     
     
         4 . The fuel composition of  claim 1 , wherein the amine-based detergent is present in about 10 ppm to 750 ppm of the fuel composition. 
     
     
         5 . The fuel composition of  claim 1 , wherein the one or more nitrogen-containing detergent is present in about 50 ppm to about 2500 ppm of the fuel composition. 
     
     
         6 . The fuel composition of  claim 1 , further comprising antioxidants, metal deactivators, demulsifiers, oxygenates, antiknock agents, dispersants, pour point depressants, or flow improvers. 
     
     
         7 . A concentrate composition comprising:
 about 30 to 90 wt % of an organic solvent boiling in a range of from 65° C. to 205° C. and;   about 10 to 70 wt % of a detergent mixture comprising:
 (1) an amine-based detergent given by formula
   R 1 —O—(CH 2 ) m —NHR 2 ,
 
 
 wherein R 1  is a hydrocarbyl group having 8 to 20 carbons, R 2  is hydrogen or (CH 2 ) n NH 2  moiety, and wherein m, n are independently integers having a value of 3 or greater; and 
 (2) one or more nitrogen-containing detergent. 
   
     
     
         8 . The concentrate composition of  claim 7 , wherein R 1  is linear or branched. 
     
     
         9 . The concentrate composition of  claim 7 , wherein the one or more nitrogen-containing detergent is an aliphatic hydrocarbyl amine, hydrocarbyl-substituted poly(oxyalkylene)amine, hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimide, Mannich reaction product, nitro and amino aromatic ester of polyalkylphenoxyalkanol, or polyalkylphenoxyaminoalkane. 
     
     
         10 . The concentrate composition of  claim 7 , wherein the amine-based detergent or the one or more nitrogen-containing detergent is a monoamine or a polyamine. 
     
     
         11 . A method of controlling injector fouling, the method comprising:
 supplying to a direct injection engine a fuel composition comprising:
 a hydrocarbon-based fuel boiling in the gasoline or diesel range; 
 an amine-based detergent given by formula
   R 1 —O—(CH 2 ) m —NHR 2 ,
 
 
 wherein the amine-based detergent is present in about 10 ppm to about 750 ppm by weight based on total weight of the fuel composition; wherein R 1  is a hydrocarbyl group having 8 to 20 carbons, R 2  is hydrogen or (CH 2 ) n NH 2  moiety, and wherein m, n are independently integers having a value of 3 or greater; and 
   one or more nitrogen-containing detergent.   
     
     
         12 . The method of  claim 11 , wherein R 1  is linear or branched. 
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 11 , wherein the one or more nitrogen-containing detergent is an aliphatic hydrocarbyl amine, hydrocarbyl-substituted poly(oxyalkylene)amine, hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimide, Mannich reaction product, nitro and amino aromatic ester of polyalkylphenoxyalkanol, or polyalkylphenoxyaminoalkane. 
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 11 , wherein the amine-based detergent or the one or more nitrogen-containing detergent is a monoamine or a polyamine. 
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 11 , wherein the amine-based detergent is present in about 10 ppm to 750 ppm of the fuel composition. 
     
     
         15 . The method of  claim 11 , wherein the one or more nitrogen-containing detergent is present in about 50 ppm to about 2500 ppm of the fuel composition. 
     
     
         16 . The method of  claim 11 , wherein the fuel composition further comprises antioxidants, metal deactivators, demulsifiers, oxygenates, antiknock agents, dispersants, pour point depressants, or flow improvers.