US2022166107A1PendingUtilityA1

Battery separators with controlled pore structure

77
Assignee: HOLLINGSWORTH & VOSE COPriority: Nov 21, 2014Filed: Dec 16, 2021Published: May 26, 2022
Est. expiryNov 21, 2034(~8.4 yrs left)· nominal 20-yr term from priority
H01M 50/494H01M 50/489H01M 50/491H01M 50/437H01M 10/12Y02P70/50Y02E60/10H01M 50/44H01M 50/431
77
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Claims

Abstract

Disclosed are battery separators comprising glass fibers and having a basis weight (gsm), a specific surface area (m 2 /g), a density (gsm/mm) and a mean pore size (μm), which satisfy the equation disclosed herein, provided that: the specific surface area is less than 1.5 m 2 /g, or the density is greater than 180 gsm/mm. Also disclosed are batteries comprising the battery separators, and processes for making the separators.

Claims

exact text as granted — not AI-modified
What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A battery separator comprising fibers, wherein the fibers comprise at least 5% glass fibers, and having a basis weight (in gsm), a specific surface area (in m 2 /g), a density (in gsm/mm) and a mean pore size (in μm), wherein the following equation is satisfied: 
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   mean 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   pore 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   size 
                 
                 < 
                 
                   
                     
                       ( 
                       
                         
                           2 
                           ⁢ 
                           7 
                           ⁢ 
                           0 
                         
                         
                           basis 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           weight 
                         
                       
                       ) 
                     
                     
                       
                         0 
                         . 
                         5 
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       3 
                     
                   
                   * 
                   
                     
                       1 
                       . 
                       6 
                     
                     
                       specific 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       surface 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       area 
                     
                   
                   * 
                   
                     ( 
                     
                       
                         
                           6 
                           ⁢ 
                           5 
                         
                         
                           density 
                         
                       
                       - 
                       1.8 
                     
                     ) 
                   
                 
               
               , 
             
           
         
         wherein:
 the battery separator has an acid filling time of less than or equal to 500 seconds; and 
 the battery separator has a thickness greater than about 1 mm when loaded to a force of 20 kPa. 
 
       
     
     
         2 . A battery separator comprising fibers, wherein the fibers comprise at least 5% glass fibers, and having a basis weight (in gsm), a specific surface area (in m 2 /g), a density (in gsm/mm) and a mean pore size (in μm), wherein the following equation is satisfied: 
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   mean 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   pore 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   size 
                 
                 < 
                 
                   
                     
                       ( 
                       
                         
                           2 
                           ⁢ 
                           7 
                           ⁢ 
                           0 
                         
                         
                           basis 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           weight 
                         
                       
                       ) 
                     
                     
                       
                         0 
                         . 
                         5 
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       3 
                     
                   
                   * 
                   
                     
                       1 
                       . 
                       6 
                     
                     
                       specific 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       surface 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       area 
                     
                   
                   * 
                   
                     ( 
                     
                       
                         
                           6 
                           ⁢ 
                           5 
                         
                         
                           density 
                         
                       
                       - 
                       1.8 
                     
                     ) 
                   
                 
               
               , 
             
           
         
         wherein:
 the battery separator has a wet tensile strength of greater than or equal to 0.01 kN/m; and 
 the battery separator has a thickness greater than about 1 mm when loaded to a force of 20 kPa. 
 
       
     
     
         3 . A battery separator comprising fibers, wherein the fibers comprise at least 5% glass fibers, and having a basis weight (in gsm), a specific surface area (in m 2 /g), a density (in gsm/mm) and a mean pore size (in μm), wherein the following equation is satisfied: 
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   mean 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   pore 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   size 
                 
                 < 
                 
                   
                     
                       ( 
                       
                         
                           2 
                           ⁢ 
                           7 
                           ⁢ 
                           0 
                         
                         
                           basis 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           weight 
                         
                       
                       ) 
                     
                     
                       
                         0 
                         . 
                         5 
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       3 
                     
                   
                   * 
                   
                     
                       1 
                       . 
                       6 
                     
                     
                       specific 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       surface 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       area 
                     
                   
                   * 
                   
                     ( 
                     
                       
                         
                           6 
                           ⁢ 
                           5 
                         
                         
                           density 
                         
                       
                       - 
                       1.8 
                     
                     ) 
                   
                 
               
               , 
             
           
         
         wherein:
 the battery separator has an acid filling time of less than or equal to 500 seconds; 
 the battery separator has a percent compression of less than 31% when measured according to Battery Council International Battery Technical Manual BCIS-03 (Rev. September 9) method number 1, and 
 the percent compression is equal to ((T@10 kPa-T@100 kPa)/T@10 kPa)*100% wherein T@ 10 kPa is a thickness of the battery separator at 10 kPa and wherein T@100 kPa is a thickness of the battery at 100 kPa. 
 
       
     
     
         4 . A battery separator comprising fibers, wherein the fibers comprise at least 5% glass fibers, and having a basis weight (in gsm), a specific surface area (in m 2 /g), a density (in gsm/mm) and a mean pore size (in μm), wherein the following equation is satisfied: 
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   mean 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   pore 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   size 
                 
                 < 
                 
                   
                     
                       ( 
                       
                         
                           2 
                           ⁢ 
                           7 
                           ⁢ 
                           0 
                         
                         
                           basis 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           weight 
                         
                       
                       ) 
                     
                     
                       
                         0 
                         . 
                         5 
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       3 
                     
                   
                   * 
                   
                     
                       1 
                       . 
                       6 
                     
                     
                       specific 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       surface 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       area 
                     
                   
                   * 
                   
                     ( 
                     
                       
                         
                           6 
                           ⁢ 
                           5 
                         
                         
                           density 
                         
                       
                       - 
                       1.8 
                     
                     ) 
                   
                 
               
               , 
             
           
         
         wherein:
 the battery separator has a wet tensile strength of greater than or equal to 0.01 kN/m; 
 the battery separator has a percent compression of less than 31% when measured according to Battery Council International Battery Technical Manual BCIS-03 (Rev. September 9) method number 1, and 
 the percent compression is equal to ((T@10 kPa-T@100 kPa)/T@10 kPa)*100% wherein T@ 10 kPa is a thickness of the battery separator at 10 kPa and wherein T@100 kPa is a thickness of the battery at 100 kPa. 
 
       
     
     
         5 . The battery separator of  claim 1 , wherein the specific surface area is less than 2.0 m 2 /g. 
     
     
         6 . The battery separator of  claim 1 , wherein the specific surface area is greater than 1.4 m 2 /g. 
     
     
         7 . The battery separator of  claim 1 , wherein the fibers comprise about 5% to about 50% fibers having an average diameter less than or equal to 1.0 μm. 
     
     
         8 . The battery separator of  claim 7 , wherein the fibers further comprise fibers having an average fiber diameter of greater than 2 microns. 
     
     
         9 . The battery separator of  claim 1 , wherein fibers having an average fiber diameter of greater than or equal to 1 micron and less than or equal to 2 microns make up greater than or equal to 20 wt % and less than or equal to 100 wt % of the battery separator. 
     
     
         10 . The battery separator of  claim 1 , wherein glass fibers make up 100 wt % of the fibers in the battery separator. 
     
     
         11 . The battery separator of  claim 1 , wherein the fibers comprise synthetic fibers. 
     
     
         12 . The battery separator of  claim 11 , wherein the synthetic fibers comprise bicomponent fibers. 
     
     
         13 . The battery separator of  claim 1 , wherein the mean pore size is less than 6 μm. 
     
     
         14 . The battery separator of  claim 1 , wherein the density is about 175 gsm/mm to about 400 gsm/mm. 
     
     
         15 . The battery separator of  claim 1 , wherein the basis weight is between 150 gsm and 1000 gsm. 
     
     
         16 . The battery separator of  claim 1 , wherein the battery separator has a percent recovery, when compressed from 10 kPa to 100 kPa and recovered to 10 kPa, of greater than 84% when measured according to Battery Council International Battery Technical Manual BCIS-03 (Rev. September 9) method number 1, and wherein the percent recovery is equal to (T rec /T comp )*100%, where T comp  is the thickness of the battery separator at 20 kPa during compression and wherein T rec  is the thickness at 20 kPa during recovery. 
     
     
         17 . The battery separator of  claim 1 , wherein the fibers comprise about 5% to about 50% fibers having an average diameter less than or equal to 1.0 μm, wherein the mean pore size is less than 6 μm, wherein the density is about 175 gsm/mm to about 400 gsm/mm, and wherein the basis weight is between 150 gsm and 1000 gsm. 
     
     
         18 . The battery separator of  claim 1 , wherein the fibers comprise about 15% to about 30% fibers having an average diameter less than or equal to 1.0 μm, wherein the mean pore size is less than 6 μm, wherein the density is about 175 gsm/mm to about 400 gsm/mm, and wherein the basis weight is between 150 gsm and 500 gsm. 
     
     
         19 . The battery separator of  claim 1 , wherein the fibers comprise about 5% to about 50% fibers having an average diameter less than or equal to 1.0 μm, wherein the mean pore size is less than 6 μm, wherein the density is about 175 gsm/mm to about 400 gsm/mm, and wherein the basis weight is between 150 gsm and 1000 gsm. 
     
     
         20 . The battery separator of  claim 1 , wherein the fibers comprise about 15% to about 30% fibers having an average diameter less than or equal to 1.0 μm, wherein the mean pore size is less than 6 μm, wherein the density is about 175 gsm/mm to about 400 gsm/mm, and wherein the basis weight is between 150 gsm and 500 gsm.

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