Three-dimensional printed organs, devices, and matrices

Abstract

Provided herein are methods and systems for bio-printing of three-dimensional organs and organoids. Also provided herein are bio-printed three-dimensional organs and organoids for use in the generation and/or the assessment of immunological products and/or immune responses. Also provided herein are methods and system for bio-printing three-dimensional matrices.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A method of forming a lymphoid organoid, comprising:
 (a) providing a first polymer precursor solution; and   (b) depositing a second polymer precursor solution adjacent to and in contact with said first polymer precursor solution, thereby forming said lymphoid organoid.   
     
     
         2 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein said first polymer precursor solution and said second polymer precursor solution each comprise a plurality of cells. 
     
     
         3 . The method of  claim 2 , wherein cells of said first polymer precursor solution and said second polymer precursor solution are different. 
     
     
         4 . The method of  claim 3 , wherein said first polymer precursor solution comprises B cells. 
     
     
         5 . The method of  claim 3 , wherein said second polymer precursor solution comprises T cells. 
     
     
         6 . The method of  claim 2 , wherein said plurality of cells comprise human cells. 
     
     
         7 . The method of  claim 2 , wherein said plurality of cells comprise activated cells. 
     
     
         8 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein said first polymer precursor solution or said second polymer precursor solution comprises one or more support or accessory cells. 
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein said first polymer precursor solution or said second polymer precursor solution comprises one or more antigen presenting cells. 
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein said first polymer precursor solution or said second polymer precursor solution comprises collagen. 
     
     
         11 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein said first polymer precursor solution or said second polymer precursor solution has a cell density at least about 10 5  cells/milliliter. 
     
     
         12 . The method of  claim 1 , further comprising curing said first polymer precursor solution prior to (b). 
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 12 , further comprising using heat to cure said first polymer precursor or said second polymer precursor. 
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein said lymphoid organoid comprises at least one tear drop shape. 
     
     
         15 . The method of  claim 1 , further comprising, after (b), introducing one or more cells to said lymphoid organoid. 
     
     
         16 . The method of  claim 1 , further comprising, after (b), stimulating said lymphoid organoid to form one or more immunological proteins. 
     
     
         17 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein said lymphoid organoid is configured to facilitate cellular interactions. 
     
     
         18 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein said lymphoid organoid has a dimension of at most about 500 micrometers. 
     
     
         19 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein at most about 500 microliters of said first polymer precursor solution or said second polymer precursor solution is deposited in (a) or (b). 
     
     
         20 . The method of  claim 19 , wherein at most about 5 microliters of said first polymer precursor solution or said second polymer precursor solution is deposited in (a) or (b). 
     
     
         21 . The method of  claim 1 , further comprising repeating (a) and (b) for a plurality of lymphoid organoids. 
     
     
         22 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein (a) comprises depositing said first polymer precursor solution adjacent to a support. 
     
     
         23 . The method of  claim 22 , wherein said support is a part of a well.