Fast-dissolved high-plasticity soluble magnesium alloy material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a fast-dissolved high-plasticity soluble magnesium alloy material and a preparation method thereof, including 1) making preparations, 2) smelting, 3) refining, 4) casting, 5) homogenizing treatment, 6) hot extrusion and 7) ageing treatment. The soluble magnesium material produced by the present disclosure is high in mechanical strength, good in plasticity and capable of being fast dissolved in a salt solution, and exhibits very excellent tensile strength and plastic extension strength and obvious percentage elongation after fracture during property testing, proving that the soluble magnesium of the present disclosure has good plasticity.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A fast-dissolved high-plasticity soluble magnesium alloy material, comprising the following elements by mass percentage:
 9.2-11.5% of Al;   0.8-6% of Zn;   0.06-0.4% of Ni;   0.01-0.08% of Au;   0.14-0.35% of Sb;   0.2-1.5% of Cr;   0.05-0.3% of Cu;   2.1-3.5% of Sn;   0.1-0.28% of Fe;   0.05-0.18% of Mn; and   the balance Mg.   
     
     
         2 . The fast-dissolved high-plasticity soluble magnesium alloy material according to  claim 1 , comprising the following elements by mass percentage:
 9.3-9.5% of Al;   0.8-2.6% of Zn;   0.15-0.22% of Ni;   0.025-0.04% of Au;   0.25-0.28% of Sb;   0.8-1.2% of Cr;   0.15-0.25% of Cu;   2.4-2.8% of Sn;   0.15-0.23% of Fe;   0.1-0.15% of Mn; and   the balance Mg.   
     
     
         3 . The fast-dissolved high-plasticity soluble magnesium alloy material according to  claim 1 , comprising the following elements by mass percentage:
 9.4% of Al;   1.6% of Zn;   0.18% of Ni;   0.03% of Au;   0.26% of Sb;   1% of Cr;   0.2% of Cu;   2.6% of Sn;   0.18% of Fe;   0.11% of Mn; and   the balance Mg.   
     
     
         4 . The fast-dissolved high-plasticity soluble magnesium alloy material according to  claim 2 , comprising the following elements by mass percentage:
 9.4% of Al;   1.6% of Zn;   0.18% of Ni;   0.03% of Au;   0.26% of Sb;   1% of Cr;   0.2% of Cu;   2.6% of Sn;   0.18% of Fe;   0.11% of Mn; and   the balance Mg.   
     
     
         5 . A preparation method for preparing the fast-dissolved high-plasticity soluble magnesium alloy material according to  claim 3 , comprising the following steps:
 1) making preparations: removing oxidized surfaces of various metals required, and then respectively weighing the raw material metals according to ratios of raw materials;   2) smelting: putting the prepared raw materials into a graphite crucible, heating and smelting, stirring after melting, and controlling a temperature to be stable;   3) refining: spraying a refining agent into a melted solution to perform first-time refining, performing slagging-off operation after the first-time refining, stirring by controlling a pressure in a refining furnace, then standing to perform second-time slagging-off operation, then spraying the refining agent into the solution for the second time to perform second-time refining, performing slagging-off after the second-time refining, and stirring uniformly;   4) casting: introducing the magnesium alloy solution into a crystallizer to carry out semi-continuous casting of an alloy;   5) homogenizing treatment: keeping temperature of obtained ingots at a certain temperature for a period of time;   6) hot extrusion: performing hot extrusion on the obtained ingot at a certain temperature to obtain the soluble magnesium alloy material; and   7) aging treatment: performing aging treatment on the extruded alloy material at a certain temperature.   
     
     
         6 . A preparation method for preparing the fast-dissolved high-plasticity soluble magnesium alloy material according to  claim 4 , comprising the following steps:
 1) making preparations: removing oxidized surfaces of various metals required, and then respectively weighing the raw material metals according to ratios of raw materials;   2) smelting: putting the prepared raw materials into a graphite crucible, heating and smelting, stirring after melting, and controlling a temperature to be stable;   3) refining: spraying a refining agent into a melted solution to perform first-time refining, performing slagging-off operation after the first-time refining, stirring by controlling a pressure in a refining furnace, then standing to perform second-time slagging-off operation, then spraying the refining agent into the solution for the second time to perform second-time refining, performing slagging-off after the second-time refining, and stirring uniformly;   4) casting: introducing the magnesium alloy solution into a crystallizer to carry out semi-continuous casting of an alloy;   5) homogenizing treatment: keeping temperature of obtained ingots at a certain temperature for a period of time;   6) hot extrusion: performing hot extrusion on the obtained ingot at a certain temperature to obtain the soluble magnesium alloy material; and   7) aging treatment: performing aging treatment on the extruded alloy material at a certain temperature.   
     
     
         7 . The preparation method for the fast-dissolved high-plasticity soluble magnesium alloy material according to  claim 5 , wherein in a smelting process of step 2), a melting temperature is 700-900° C., and SF6+CO2 mixed gas needs to be used for protection in a melting process, and in step 3), a refining temperature is 700-730° C., and SF6+CO2 mixed gas needs to be used for protection in a refining process. 
     
     
         8 . The preparation method for the fast-dissolved high-plasticity soluble magnesium alloy material according to  claim 5 , wherein in a casting process of step 4), cooling water needs to be continuously supplied to the crystallizer, and a drawing casting speed of the alloy is 10-30 cm/min. 
     
     
         9 . The preparation method for the fast-dissolved high-plasticity soluble magnesium alloy material according to  claim 5 , wherein in homogenizing treatment of step 5), a heat-preserving temperature is in a range of 380-420° C. for 5-50 h. 
     
     
         10 . The preparation method for the fast-dissolved high-plasticity soluble magnesium alloy material according to  claim 5 , wherein in a hot extrusion process of step 6), an extrusion temperature is 350-370° C., and an extrusion ratio is in a range of 3-30. 
     
     
         11 . The preparation method for the fast-dissolved high-plasticity soluble magnesium alloy material according to  claim 5 , wherein in aging treatment of step 7), a temperature is in a range of 260-300° C. for 10-100 h. 
     
     
         12 . The preparation method for the fast-dissolved high-plasticity soluble magnesium alloy material according to  claim 5 , wherein a weight of the refining agent charged in the first time accounts for 20-30% of a weight of the raw material metal, a weight of the refining agent charged in the second time accounts for 10-15% that of the raw material metal, the refining agent comprises magnesium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium fluoride, magnesium oxide and calcium-based bentonite, and a feed ratio among them is 30-40:4-8:25-36:7-10:8-10:5-6.