Systems and methods for detection of chemiluminescent reactions

Abstract

Methods, devices and kit for analyzing a sample comprising 1,5-anhydroglucitol and a first analyte via one or more chemiluminescent reactions. Certain embodiments include measuring a first light response resulting from a first chemiluminescent reaction and measuring a second light response resulting from a second chemiluminescent reaction. Certain embodiments also include comparing the first light response to the second light response to determine a ratio of 1,5-anhydroglucitol and the first analyte.

1 . A method for analyzing a sample, the method comprising:
 obtaining a sample comprising 1,5-anhydroglucitol and a first analyte;   adding a first reagent to the sample, wherein the first reagent causes a first chemiluminescent reaction with the sample;   measuring a first light response resulting from the first chemiluminescent reaction;   adding a second reagent to the sample, wherein:
 the second reagent is sequentially added to the sample after the first reagent is added to the sample; and 
 the second reagent causes a second chemiluminescent reaction with the sample; 
   measuring a second light response resulting from the second chemiluminescent reaction; and   comparing the first light response to the second light response to determine a ratio of 1,5-anhydroglucitol and the first analyte.   
     
     
         2 . The method of  claim 1  wherein the sample comprises saliva. 
     
     
         3 . The method of  claim 1  wherein the sample comprises urine. 
     
     
         4 . The method of  claim 1  wherein the sample comprises blood. 
     
     
         5 . The method of  claim 1  wherein the sample comprises interstitial fluid. 
     
     
         6 . The method of  claim 1  wherein the first analyte is glucose, L-sorbose, D-xylose, D-galactose, glucono-δ-lactone, urea, creatinine, or creatine. 
     
     
         7 . The method of  claim 1  wherein the first reagent is glucose oxidase. 
     
     
         8 . The method of  claim 7  wherein the second reagent is pyranose oxidase. 
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 1  wherein measuring the first light response resulting from the first chemiluminescent reaction and the second light response resulting from the second chemiluminescent reaction comprises measuring photons with a light detector. 
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 9  wherein the light detector is selected from the group consisting of a charged coupled device (CCD), avalanche diode, multi-pixel photon counter (MPPC), silicon photomultiplier (SiPMT), complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) sensor, scientific CMOS (sCMOS) sensor, photomultiplier tube (PMT), photodiode, camera, cellular phone camera, web camera, or smart watch camera. 
     
     
         11 . The method of  claim 1  wherein the first reagent and the second reagent are added to the sample via a microfluidic device. 
     
     
         12 . The method of  claim 1  wherein comparing the first light response to the second light response to determine a ratio of 1,5-anhydroglucitol and the first analyte comprises transmitting data to a computer processor. 
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 12  further comprising accessing a lookup table with the computer processor. 
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 13  wherein the lookup table comprises an indication of a physiological condition. 
     
     
         15 . The method of  claim 14  wherein the physiological condition is related to an insulin level of a person from whom the sample was obtained. 
     
     
         16 . The method of  claim 1  further comprising normalizing the ratio based on a measurement of a marker in the sample. 
     
     
         17 . The method of  claim 16  wherein the marker is urea, creatinine, creatine, human serum albumin, or hemoglobin. 
     
     
         18 . The method of  claim 17  wherein the sample comprises urine, blood or saliva. 
     
     
         19 . A kit comprising:
 a chamber configured to sequentially add a first reagent and a second reagent to a sample, wherein:
 the sample comprises a first analyte and a second analyte; 
 the first reagent causes a first chemiluminescent reaction with the sample; and 
 the second reagent causes a second chemiluminescent reaction with the sample; 
   a light detection device, wherein the light detection device is configured to be able to:
 measure first data correlating to a first light response resulting from the first chemiluminescent reaction; and 
 measure second data correlating to a second light response resulting from the second chemiluminescent reaction; and 
   a communication module configured to transmit the first data and the second data from the light detection device to a computer processor, wherein the computer processor is configured to calculate a ratio of the first analyte to the second analyte based on the first data and the second data.   
     
     
         20 . The kit of  claim 19  wherein the chamber comprises a wicking member configured to wick the sample. 
     
     
         21 . The kit of  claim 20  wherein the first reagent is absorbed in a first portion of the wicking member and the second reagent is absorbed in a second portion of the wicking member. 
     
     
         22 . The kit of  claim 21  wherein:
 the wicking member is configured to wick the sample to the first portion of the wicking member; and 
 the wicking member is configured to wick the sample to the second portion of the wicking member. 
 
     
     
         23 . The kit of  claim 22  wherein the wicking member is configured to wick the sample to the first portion prior to wicking the sample to the second portion. 
     
     
         24 . The kit of  claim 19  wherein the first analyte is glucose. 
     
     
         25 . The kit of  claim 19  wherein the second analyte is 1,5-anhydroglucitol. 
     
     
         26 . The kit of  claim 19  wherein the computer processor is contained within a wireless communication device. 
     
     
         27 . The kit of  claim 26  wherein the wireless communication device is a cellular phone. 
     
     
         28 . The kit of  claim 19  wherein the communication module is configured to wirelessly transmit data from the light detection device to the computer processor. 
     
     
         29 . The kit of  claim 19  wherein the computer processor is configured to access a lookup table. 
     
     
         30 . The kit of  claim 29  wherein the lookup table comprises an indication of a physiological condition. 
     
     
         31 . The kit of  claim 30  wherein the physiological condition is related to an insulin level of a person from whom the sample was obtained. 
     
     
         32 . The kit of  claim 19  wherein the sample comprises saliva. 
     
     
         33 . The kit of  claim 19  wherein the sample comprises urine. 
     
     
         34 . The kit of  claim 19  wherein the sample comprises blood. 
     
     
         35 . The kit of  claim 19  wherein the sample comprises interstitial fluid. 
     
     
         36 . The kit of  claim 19  wherein the first analyte is glucose, urea, creatinine, or creatine. 
     
     
         37 . The kit of  claim 19  wherein the first reagent is glucose oxidase. 
     
     
         38 . The kit of  claim 19  wherein the second reagent is pyranose oxidase. 
     
     
         39 . The kit of  claim 19  wherein:
 the first data comprises a first measure of photons relating to the first chemiluminescent reaction; and 
 the second data comprises a second measure of photons relating to the second chemiluminescent reaction. 
 
     
     
         40 . The kit of  claim 19  wherein the light detection device is selected from the group consisting of a charged coupled device (CCD), avalanche diode, multi-pixel photon counter (MPPC), silicon photomultiplier (SiPMT), complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) sensor, scientific CMOS (sCMOS) sensor, photomultiplier tube (PMT), photodiode, camera, cellphone camera, web camera, or smart watch camera. 
     
     
         41 . The kit of  claim 19  wherein the computer processor is configured to normalize the ratio based on a measurement of a marker in the sample. 
     
     
         42 . The kit of  claim 41  wherein the marker is urea, creatinine, creatine, human serum albumin, or hemoglobin. 
     
     
         43 . The kit of  claim 42  wherein the sample comprises urine, blood or saliva.