Two-dimensional (2-d) arrays of transition metal nitrides for li-metal anodes

Abstract

The present disclosure is directed to freestanding films for a lithium-metal-anode comprising a 2D arrays of nanocrystals of a transition metal nitride, carbide, or mixture and optionally a MXene as a conductive binder, and methods of making and using the same.

1 . A free-standing film, comprising:
 a 2D array of nanocrystals of a transition metal nitride, carbide, or a mixture thereof, the free-standing film optionally further comprising a MXene as a conductive binder.   
     
     
         2 . The free-standing film of  claim 1 , wherein the transition metal nitride comprises a metal of Groups 3 to 14. 
     
     
         3 . The free-standing film of  claim 2 , wherein the transition metal nitride comprises a metal of Groups 3-12. 
     
     
         4 . The free-standing film of  claim 1 , further comprising an amount of lithium disposed on or within the film. 
     
     
         5 . The free-standing film of  claim 1 , wherein the nanocrystals of a transition metal nitride, carbide, or a mixture thereof comprise Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Re, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, or a combination thereof. 
     
     
         6 . The free-standing film of  claim 5 , wherein the nanocrystals of a transition metal nitride, carbide, or a mixture thereof comprise Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Re, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Cu, Zn. 
     
     
         7 . The free-standing film of  claim 6 , wherein the nanocrystals of a transition metal nitride, carbide, or a mixture thereof comprises Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Mo, W, Mn, or a combination thereof. 
     
     
         8 . The free-standing film of  claim 7 , wherein the nanocrystals of a transition metal nitride, carbide, or a mixture thereof comprise Ti, V, Nb, Ta, Mo, W, or a combination thereof. 
     
     
         9 . The free-standing film of  claim 1 , wherein the nanocrystals of a transition metal nitride, carbide, or a mixture thereof comprise Cr, Ti, Nb, or a combination thereof 
     
     
         10 . A lithium-metal-anode, comprising the freestanding film of  claim 1 . 
     
     
         11 . A lithium ion battery, comprising the freestanding film of  claim 1 . 
     
     
         12 . An electronic device, comprising: a free-standing film of  claim 1 . 
     
     
         13 . An electronic device, comprising: a lithium metal anode of  claim 10 . 
     
     
         14 . An electronic device, comprising: a lithium ion battery of  claim 11 . 
     
     
         15 . The electronic device of  claim 12 , wherein the electronic device is (a) an energy storage device, (b) a device useful for electrocatalysis, (c) electromagnetic interference shielding, or any combination thereof. 
     
     
         16 . A method, comprising communicating a current to a free-standing film according to  claim 1 . 
     
     
         17 . A method, comprising operating a lithium-metal anode according to  claim 10 . 
     
     
         18 . A method, comprising charging or discharging a lithium ion battery according to  claim 11 . 
     
     
         19 . A method, comprising operating an electronic device according to  claim 13 . 
     
     
         20 . A method, comprising depositing a metal or a metal ion onto or within a film according to  claim 1 . 
     
     
         21 . A method, comprising releasing a metal or a metal ion from a film according to  claim 1 . 
     
     
         22 . A method, comprising fabricating a free-standing film according to  claim 1 .