Apparatuses and methods for implanting glenoid prostheses

Abstract

Various apparatus and methods for implanting glenoid prostheses are disclosed. In various embodiments, a method for performing shoulder surgery can include guiding a guide pin into the glenoid surface along a reaming axis. A partial reaming guide can be placed in contact with the glenoid surface over the guide pin. A reamer can be guided over the guide pin to ream the glenoid surface. The reamer can be further advanced over the guide pin until the reamer contacts the partial reaming guide, whereby such contact limits reaming to only a portion of the glenoid surface.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A method for performing shoulder surgery, comprising:
 guiding a guide pin into the glenoid surface along a reaming axis;   placing a partial reaming guide in contact with the glenoid surface over the guide pin;   advancing a reamer over the guide pin to ream the glenoid surface;   further advancing the reamer over the guide pin until the reamer contacts the partial reaming guide, whereby such contact limits reaming to only a portion of the glenoid surface.   
     
     
         2 . The method of  claim 1 , further comprising forming a channel in the scapula medially from the glenoid surface, the channel configured to receive an anchor peg of a glenoid baseplate. 
     
     
         3 . The method of  claim 2 , further comprising advancing a drill over the guide pin to form an anchor peg channel centered on the reaming axis. 
     
     
         4 . The method of  claim 2 , further comprising advancing an anchor peg channel forming guide toward the glenoid surface, the anchor peg channel forming guide comprising a body and an aperture formed inward of a periphery of the body and securing the anchor peg channel forming guide against the glenoid surface with the aperture off-set from the reaming axis. 
     
     
         5 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein advancing the reamer and further advancing the reamer comprises reciprocating a reaming surface of the reamer about an angle of less than 180 degrees relative to the reamer axis. 
     
     
         6 . The method of  claim 1 , further comprising inserting an anchor peg of a glenoid baseplate into an anchor peg channel formed in the glenoid surface. 
     
     
         7 . The method of  claim 6 , further comprising coupling a screw trajectory guide with the baseplate and forming one or more screw holes in the scapula through the screw trajectory guide and the baseplate. 
     
     
         8 . The method of  claim 7 , further comprising controlling a depth of the one or more screw holes with a corresponding depth control surface of the screw trajectory guide. 
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 1 , further comprising defining a reaming axis based on image data responsive to a scan of a scapula of a patient. 
     
     
         10 . A kit for shoulder surgery, the kit comprising:
 a partial reaming guide having a patient-matched surface shaped to conform to a scapula of a patient, the partial reaming guide configured to limit glenoid reaming about a reaming axis to only a portion of a glenoid; and   an anchor peg channel guide having a patient-matched surface shaped to conform to a portion of the glenoid, the anchor peg channel guide having a channel offset from the reaming axis.   
     
     
         11 . The kit of  claim 10 , further comprising a screw trajectory guide having a protrusion shaped to be inserted into an aperture of a glenoid baseplate, the protrusion including a channel extending therethrough. 
     
     
         12 . The kit of  claim 10 , further comprising a glenoid baseplate having an anchor member. 
     
     
         13 . The kit of  claim 10 , further comprising a three-dimensional (3D) model of the scapula of the patient. 
     
     
         14 . The kit of  claim 10 , further comprising an alignment guide having a plurality of contact members configured to conform to a plurality of surfaces of a scapula, the alignment guide comprising an aperture configured for placing a guide wire in the glenoid. 
     
     
         15 . The kit of  claim 10 , wherein the anchor peg channel guide has a portion configured to rest on the reamed portion of the glenoid. 
     
     
         16 . The kit of  claim 10 , further comprising a reaming device comprising a stop surface and a reaming portion having one or more reaming features configured to ream a bone surface. 
     
     
         17 . The kit of  claim 16 , wherein the reaming device further comprises a guide hole through the reamer body, the guide hole sized and shaped to receive a guide pin therethrough, and wherein the reaming portion comprises an arc-shaped structure that delimits an angle less than 180 degrees. 
     
     
         18 . The kit of  claim 17 , wherein the reaming device comprises a first lower portion which comprises the reaming portion and a second upper portion angled relative to the lower portion, the guide hole formed through the second upper portion. 
     
     
         19 . A partial reaming guide for use in a shoulder treatment procedure, the partial reaming guide comprising:
 a guide body comprising a patient-matched surface shaped to conform to a portion of a scapula of a patient;   a reamer depth stop surface at a first height above the patient-matched surface, the reamer depth stop surface positioned to serve as a depth stop for the reaming device to control a depth of reaming;   a first hole through the guide body extending from the reamer depth stop surface to the mounting surface, the first hole aligned with a reaming axis.   
     
     
         20 . The partial reaming guide of  claim 19 , wherein the guide body comprises a raised surface at a second height greater than the first height, a second hole extending through the guide body from the raised surface to the patient-matched surface. 
     
     
         21 . The partial reaming guide of  claim 20 , wherein the guide body comprises a receiver body defined between the raised surface and the mounting surface. 
     
     
         22 . The partial reaming guide of  claim 19 , further comprising a second hole through the guide body offset from the first hole, the second hole to rotationally orient the guide body relative to the scapula. 
     
     
         23 . An anchor peg channel guide for use in a shoulder treatment procedure, the anchor peg channel guide comprising:
 a guide body comprising a patient-matched surface shaped to conform to a scapula of a patient and a lateral surface opposite the mounting surface,   a channel disposed through the guide body, the channel positioned to be offset from a reaming axis of the scapula,   the guide body comprising a rotational alignment hole through the guide body.   
     
     
         24 . The guide of  claim 23 , wherein a center of a periphery of the guide body is spaced apart from a center of the channel. 
     
     
         25 . The guide of  claim 23 , further comprising at least one peripheral hole for securing the guide body to the scapula. 
     
     
         26 . A screw trajectory guide for use in a shoulder procedure, the screw trajectory guide comprising:
 a guide body having a first surface shaped to mate with a glenoid baseplate, a second surface opposite the first surface, and a third surface recessed from the second surface between the first and second surfaces,   the guide body including a protrusion extending from the first surface and shaped to be inserted into corresponding apertures of the glenoid baseplate,   the guide body including a channel extending from the third surface through the protrusion to a distal end of the protrusion.   
     
     
         27 . The guide of  claim 26 , further comprising a guide channel formed through the guide body, the guide channel to receive a guide pin therethrough. 
     
     
         28 . The guide of  claim 27 , further comprising a slot extending from the guide channel to an outer periphery of the guide body. 
     
     
         29 . The guide of  claim 26 , further comprising a plurality of protrusions extending from the first surface and shaped to be inserted into corresponding apertures of the glenoid baseplate. 
     
     
         30 . The guide of  claim 29 , further comprising a plurality of channels, each channel extending from one of a plurality of third surfaces through a corresponding one of a plurality of protrusions. 
     
     
         31 . The guide of  claim 30 , wherein at least one of the third surfaces is disposed at an elevation that is prescribed for the patient to control a depth of a peripheral screw hole formed in a scapula through the channel extending from the at least one third surface. 
     
     
         32 . A reamer for use in shoulder surgery, the reamer comprising:
 a reamer body comprising a stop surface and a reaming portion having one or more reaming features configured to ream a bone surface; and   a guide hole through the reamer body, the guide hole sized and shaped to receive a guide pin therethrough,   wherein the reaming portion comprises an arc-shaped structure that delimits an angle less than 180 degrees.   
     
     
         33 . The reamer of  claim 32 , wherein the reamer body comprises a first lower portion through which comprises the reaming portion and a second upper portion angled relative to the lower portion, the guide hole formed through the second upper portion.