Methods of diagnosing and treating tourette syndrome

Abstract

Methods and uses for diagnosing and treating Tourette syndrome are encompassed, wherein diagnosis and treatment may be based upon an assessment of genetic alterations in metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) network genes and wherein treatment is with nonspecific activators of mGluRs such as fasoracetam.

1 . A method of treating Tourette syndrome (TS) in a subject, the method comprising administering an effective amount of fasoracetam to the subject, wherein the fasoracetam is administered at a dose of 50-400 mg, and wherein the dose is administered once, twice, or three times daily, thereby treating TS. 
     
     
         2 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the subject has at least one genetic alteration in an mGluR network gene. 
     
     
         3 .- 4 . (canceled) 
     
     
         5 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the genetic alteration is a copy number variation (CNV) or single nucleotide variation (SNV). 
     
     
         6 . The method of  claim 5 , wherein the genetic alteration is a CNV. 
     
     
         7 . The method of  claim 6 , wherein the CNV is a duplication or deletion. 
     
     
         8 . (canceled) 
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein fasoracetam is fasoracetam monohydrate (NS-105 or NFC-1). 
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein fasoracetam is administered at a dose of 50 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg, 200 mg, 250 mg, 300 mg, 350 mg, or 400 mg. 
     
     
         11 .- 18 . (canceled) 
     
     
         19 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the TS is one or more of: persistent (chronic) motor tic disorder, persistent (chronic) vocal tic disorder, or provisional tic disorder. 
     
     
         20 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the subject is a pediatric, adolescent, or adult subject. 
     
     
         21 .- 23 . (canceled) 
     
     
         24 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the fasoracetam is administered in combination with another pharmaceutical or non-pharmaceutical therapy. 
     
     
         25 . The method of  claim 24 , wherein the non-pharmaceutical therapy comprises brain stimulation selected from the group consisting of vagus nerve stimulation, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, magnetic seizure therapy, and deep brain stimulation. 
     
     
         26 . The method of  claim 24 , wherein the fasoracetam is administered in combination with an antipsychotic agent. 
     
     
         27 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein tic symptoms are reduced in the subject following at least 1, 2, 3, or 4 weeks of treatment with fasoracetam. 
     
     
         28 . The method of  claim 27 , wherein the tic symptoms comprise frequency and/or degree of movement. 
     
     
         29 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein symptoms of inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and/or impulsiveness are reduced in the subject following at least 1, 2, 3, or 4 weeks of treatment with fasoracetam. 
     
     
         30 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the subject also has obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). 
     
     
         31 . The method of  claim 30 , wherein symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) are reduced in the subject following at least 1, 2, 3, or 4 weeks of treatment with fasoracetam. 
     
     
         32 .- 50 . (canceled) 
     
     
         51 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the subject has TS as well as schizophrenia. 
     
     
         52 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the subject has TS as well as ADHD. 
     
     
         53 . (canceled) 
     
     
         54 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the subject does not have one or more of ADHD, schizophrenia, conduct disorder, anxiety disorder, autism, a mood disorder, phobia, OCD, or depression. 
     
     
         55 . (canceled)