Three-dimensional porous polyurea networks and methods of manufacture

Abstract

Porous three-dimensional networks of polyurea and porous three-dimensional networks of carbon and methods of their manufacture are described. In an example, polyurea aerogels are prepared by mixing an triisocyanate with water and a triethylamine to form a sol-gel material and supercritically drying the sol-gel material to form the polyurea aerogel. Subjecting the polyurea aerogel to a step of pyrolysis may result in a three dimensional network having a carbon skeleton, yielding a carbon aerogel. The density and morphology of polyurea aerogels can be controlled by varying the amount of isocyanate monomer in the initial reaction mixture. A lower density in the aerogel gives rise to a fibrous morphology, whereas a greater density in the aerogel results in a particulate morphology. Polyurea aerogels described herein may also exhibit a reduced flammability.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . (canceled) 
     
     
         2 . An aerogel, comprising the following moiety: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein the aerogel has a specific energy of between about 10 J/g and about 200 J/g. 
       
     
     
         3 . The aerogel of  claim 2 , wherein the aerogel comprises polyurea. 
     
     
         4 . The aerogel of  claim 2 , wherein the aerogel has a compressive strength of between about 200 MPa and about 1 GPa. 
     
     
         5 . The aerogel of  claim 3 , wherein the aerogel has a compressive strength of between about 200 MPa and about 1 GPa. 
     
     
         6 . The aerogel of  claim 2 , wherein the aerogel has a fibrous morphology. 
     
     
         7 . The aerogel of  claim 3 , wherein the aerogel has a fibrous morphology. 
     
     
         8 . The aerogel of  claim 4 , wherein the aerogel has a fibrous morphology. 
     
     
         9 . The aerogel of  claim 5 , wherein the aerogel has a fibrous morphology. 
     
     
         10 . The aerogel of  claim 2 , wherein the aerogel has a density of between about 1 mg/cc to about 550 mg/cc. 
     
     
         11 . The aerogel of  claim 3 , wherein the aerogel has a density of between about 1 mg/cc to about 550 mg/cc. 
     
     
         12 . The aerogel of  claim 4 , wherein the aerogel has a density of between about 1 mg/cc to about 550 mg/cc. 
     
     
         13 . The aerogel of  claim 5 , wherein the aerogel has a density of between about 1 mg/cc to about 550 mg/cc. 
     
     
         14 . The aerogel of  claim 6 , wherein the aerogel has a density of between about 1 mg/cc to about 550 mg/cc. 
     
     
         15 . The aerogel of  claim 7 , wherein the aerogel has a density of between about 1 mg/cc to about 550 mg/cc. 
     
     
         16 . The aerogel of  claim 8 , wherein the aerogel has a density of between about 1 mg/cc to about 550 mg/cc. 
     
     
         17 . The aerogel of  claim 9 , wherein the aerogel has a density of between about 1 mg/cc to about 550 mg/cc.