Aromatic vinyl or aromatic ethyl derivative, preparation method therefor, intermediate, pharmaceutical composition, and application

Abstract

Disclosed in the present invention are an aromatic vinyl or aromatic ethyl derivative, a preparation method therefor, an intermediate, a pharmaceutical composition, and an application. The aromatic vinyl or aromatic ethyl derivative in the present invention is as represented by general formula (I). The aromatic vinyl or aromatic ethyl derivative in the present invention has an obvious inhibitory effect on PD-1/PD-L1, is a very effective small-molecule PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor, and can effectively alleviate or treat relevant diseases such as cancer.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . An aromatic vinyl or aromatic ethyl derivative represented by general formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein, 
            is a single bond or a double bond; 
         each of R 1  is identical or different, and is independently deuterium, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyl, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy; 
         or two adjacent R 1  together with the two carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 5- to 7-membered carbocyclic ring or heterocarbocyclic ring; in the heterocarbocyclic ring, the heteroatom(s) is(are) oxygen and/or nitrogen, and the number of the heteroatom(s) is 1 to 4; 
         R 2  is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or halogen; 
         each of R 3  is identical or different, and is independently deuterium, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkylthio, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyl, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein R 1a  is C 1 -C 4  alkyl, or two adjacent R 3  together with the two carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 5- to 7-membered carbocyclic ring or heterocarbocyclic ring; in the heterocarbocyclic ring, the heteroatom(s) is(are) oxygen and/or nitrogen, and the number of the heteroatom(s) is 1 to 4; when two R 3  are adjacent, and the two adjacent R 3  together with the two carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 5- to 7-membered carbocyclic ring or heterocarbocyclic ring, then the carbocyclic ring or heterocarbocyclic ring is further substituted by one or more than one C 1 -C 4  alkyl;
 the substituent(s) in the substituted alkyl in each of R 1 , R 2  and each of R 3 , the substituent(s) in the substituted alkoxy in each of R 1  and each of R 3 , and the substituent(s) in the substituted alkylthio in each of R 3  are one or more selected from halogen, C 1-4  alkyl, hydroxyl, 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       C 1-4  alkoxy, C 1-4  carboxyl, C 1-4  ester group and C 1-4  amide group; when there are more substituents than one, then the substituents are identical or different; R a  and R b  are independently hydrogen, or, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl; in R a  or R b , the substituent(s) in the substituted alkyl is(are) one or more selected from halogen, C 1 -C 4  alkyl, hydroxyl, 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       C 1 -C 4  alkoxy, C 1 -C 4  carboxyl, C 1 -C 4  ester group and C 1 -C 4  amide group; R a1  and R b1  are independently hydrogen or C 1 -C 4  alkyl;
 in each of R 1  or R 3 , the substituent(s) in the substituted hydroxyl or the substituted amino is(are) one or more selected from C 1-4  alkyl, C 1-4  alkoxy, C 1-4  carboxyl, C 1-4  ester group and C 1-4  amide group; 
 m is 1, 2 or 3; 
 n is 0, 1, 2 or 3; when   is a double bond and in is 2, then two R 1  are located on ortho and meta positions of the phenyl, and the two R 1  are identical or different; when   is a double bond and m is 3, then two of R 1  are adjacent, and the two adjacent R 1  together with the two carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 5- to 7-membered heterocarbocyclic ring; 
 or in the aromatic vinyl or aromatic ethyl derivative represented by general formula (I), 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       is replaced by a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic ring, in the heteroaromatic ring, the heteroatom(s) is(are) selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and the number of the heteroatom(s) is 1 to 4; the substituent(s) in the substituted heteroaromatic ring is(are) one or more selected from halogen, C 1-4  alkyl, hydroxyl, 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       C 1-4  alkoxy, C 1-4  carboxyl, C 1-4  ester group and C 1-4  amide group; when there are more substituents than one, then the substituents are identical or different; R a  and R b  are independently hydrogen, or, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl; in R a  or R b , the substituent(s) in the substituted alkyl is(are) one or more selected from halogen, C 1 -C 4  alkyl, hydroxyl, 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       C 1 -C 4  alkoxy, C 1 -C 4  carboxyl, C 1 -C 4  ester group and C 1 -C 4  amide group; R a1  and R b1  are independently hydrogen or C 1 -C 4  alkyl;
 the aromatic vinyl or aromatic ethyl derivative represented by general formula (I) excludes the compound: 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         2 . The aromatic vinyl or aromatic ethyl derivative represented by general formula (I), or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as defined in  claim 1 , wherein,
 when the substituent(s) in the substituted alkyl in each of R 1 , R 2  and each of R 3 , the substituent(s) in the substituted alkoxy in each of R 1  and each of R 3  the substituent(s) in the substituted alkylthio in each of R 3 , and the substituent(s) in the heteroaromatic ring are halogen, then the halogen is F, Cl, Br or I;   and/or, when the substituent(s) in the substituted alkyl in each of R 1 , R 2  and each of R 3 , the substituent(s) in the substituted alkoxy, the substituted hydroxyl or the substituted amino in each of R 1  and each of R 3 , the substituent(s) in the substituted alkylthio in each of R 3 , the substituent(s) in the heteroaromatic ring, and the substituent(s) in the 5- to 7-membered heterocarbocyclic ring are C 1 -C 4  alkyl, then the C 1 -C 4  alkyl is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl or tert-butyl;   and/or, when the substituent(s) in the substituted alkyl in each of R 1 , R 2  and each of R 3 , the substituent(s) in the substituted alkoxy in each of R 1  and each of R 3  the substituent(s) in the substituted alkylthio in each of R 3 , and the substituent(s) in the heteroaromatic ring are   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       and R a  or R b  is substituted alkyl, and the substituent(s) in the substituted alkyl is(are) halogen, then the halogen is F, Cl, Br or I;
 and/or, when the substituent(s) in the substituted alkyl in each of R 1 , R 2  and each of R 3 , the substituent(s) in the substituted alkoxy in each of R 1  and each of R 3 , the substituent(s) in the substituted alkylthio in each of R 3 , and the substituent(s) in the heteroaromatic ring are 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       and R a  or R b  is substituted alkyl, and the substituent(s) in the substituted alkyl is(are) C 1 -C 4  alkyl, then the C 1 -C 4  alkyl is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl or tert-butyl;
 and/or, when the substituent(s) in the substituted alkyl in each of R 1 , R 2  and each of R 3  the substituent(s) in the substituted alkoxy in each of R 1  and each of R 3 , the substituent(s) in the substituted alkylthio in each of R 3 , and the substituent(s) in the heteroaromatic ring are 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       R a  or R b  is substituted alkyl, and the substituent(s) in the substituted alkyl is(are) 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       and R a1  or R b1  is C 1 -C 4  alkyl, then the C 1 -C 4  alkyl is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl or tert-butyl;
 and/or, when the substituent(s) in the substituted alkyl in each of R 1 , R 2  and each of R 3 , the substituent(s) in the substituted alkoxy in each of R 1  and each of R 3 , the substituent(s) in the substituted alkylthio in each of R 3 , and the substituent(s) in the heteroaromatic ring are 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       R a  or R b  is substituted alkyl, and the substituent(s) in the substituted alkyl is(are) C 1 -C 4  alkoxy, then the C 1-4  alkoxy is methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy or tert-butoxy;
 and/or, when the substituent(s) in the substituted alkyl in each of R 1 , R 2  and each of R 3 , the substituent(s) in the substituted alkoxy in each of R 1  and each of R 3 , the substituent(s) in the substituted alkylthio in each of R 3 , and the substituent(s) in the heteroaromatic ring are 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       R a  or R b  is substituted alkyl, and the substituent(s) in the substituted alkyl is(are) C 1 -C 4  carboxyl, then the C 1-4  carboxyl is 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         and/or, when the substituent(s) in the substituted alkyl in each of R 1 , R 2  and each of R 3 , the substituent(s) in the substituted alkoxy in each of R 1  and each of R 3 , the substituent(s) in the substituted alkylthio in each of R 3 , and the substituent(s) in the heteroaromatic ring are 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       and R a  or R b  is substituted alkyl, and the substituent(s) in the substituted alkyl is(are) C 1 -C 4  ester group, then the C 1 -C 4  ester group is 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       and R 2a  is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl or tert-butyl;
 and/or, when the substituent(s) in the substituted alkyl in each of R 1 , R 2  and each of R 3 , the substituent(s) in the substituted alkoxy in each of R 1  and each of R 3 , the substituent(s) in the substituted alkylthio in each of R 3 , and the substituent(s) in the heteroaromatic ring are 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       and R a  or R b  is substituted alkyl, and the substituent(s) in the substituted alkyl is(are) C 1 -C 4  amide group, then the C 1 -C 4  amide group is 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       and R 1b  is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl or tert-butyl;
 and/or, when the substituent(s) in the substituted alkyl in each of R 1 , R 2  and each of R 3 , the substituent(s) in the substituted alkoxy, the substituted hydroxyl or the substituted amino in each of R 1  and each of R 3 , the substituent(s) in the substituted alkylthio in each of R 3 , and the substituent(s) in the heteroaromatic ring are C 1 -C 4  alkoxy, then the C 1-4  alkoxy is methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy or tert-butoxy; 
 and/or, when the substituent(s) in the substituted alkyl in each of R 1 , R 2  and each of R 3 , the substituent(s) in the substituted alkoxy, the substituted hydroxyl or the substituted amino in each of R 1  and each of R 3 , the substituent(s) in the substituted alkylthio in each of R 3 , and the substituent(s) in the heteroaromatic ring are C 1 -C 4  carboxyl, then the C 1-4  carboxyl is 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         and/or, when the substituent(s) in the substituted alkyl in each of R 1 , R 2  and each of R 3 , the substituent(s) in the substituted alkoxy, the substituted hydroxyl or the substituted amino in each of R 1  and each of R 3 , the substituent(s) in the substituted alkylthio in each of R 3 , and the substituent(s) in the heteroaromatic ring are C 1 -C 4  ester group, then the C 1 -C 4  ester group is 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       and R 2a  is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl or tert-butyl;
 and/or, when the substituent(s) in the substituted alkyl in each of R 1 , R 2  and each of R 3 , the substituent(s) in the substituted alkoxy, the substituted hydroxyl or the substituted amino in each of R 1  and each of R 3 , the substituent(s) in the substituted alkylthio in each of R 3 , and the substituent(s) in the heteroaromatic ring are C 1 -C 4  amide group, then the C 1 -C 4  amide group is 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       and R 1b  is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl or tert-butyl. 
     
     
         3 . The aromatic vinyl or aromatic ethyl derivative represented by general formula (I), or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as defined in  claim 1 , wherein,
 in each of R 1 , R 2  and each of R 3 , the halogen is F, Cl, Br or I;   and/or, in each of R 1 , R 2  and each of R 3 , the substituted or unsubstituted alkyl is substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 4  alkyl; the substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 4  alkyl is preferably substituted or unsubstituted methyl, substituted or unsubstituted ethyl, substituted or unsubstituted n-propyl, substituted or unsubstituted isopropyl, substituted or unsubstituted n-butyl, substituted or unsubstituted isobutyl, or, substituted or unsubstituted tert-butyl;   and/or, in each of R 1  and each of R 3 , the substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy is substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 4  alkoxy; the substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 4  alkoxy is preferably substituted or unsubstituted methoxy, substituted or unsubstituted ethoxy, substituted or unsubstituted n-propoxy, substituted or unsubstituted isopropoxy, substituted or unsubstituted n-butoxy, substituted or unsubstituted isobutoxy, or, substituted or unsubstituted tert-butoxy;   and/or, in each of R 3 , the substituted or unsubstituted alkylthio is —S—R s , wherein, R s  is substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 4  alkyl; the substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 4  alkyl is preferably substituted or unsubstituted methyl, substituted or unsubstituted ethyl, substituted or unsubstituted n-propyl, substituted or unsubstituted isopropyl, substituted or unsubstituted n-butyl, substituted or unsubstituted isobutyl, or, substituted or unsubstituted tert-butyl;   and/or, in each of R 3 , in   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       R 1a  is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl or tert-butyl;
 and/or, when two adjacent R 3  together with the two carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 5- to 7-membered heterocarbocyclic ring, then the 5- to 7-membered heterocarbocyclic ring is azetidine ring, piperazine ring, piperidine ring, pyrrole ring, morpholine ring, thiomorpholine ring, 1,4-dioxane, pyran ring, dihydroimidazole ring, dihydroisoxazole ring, dihydroisothiazole ring, dihydrooxadiazole ring, dihydrooxazole ring, dihydropyrazine ring, dihydropyrazole ring, dihydropyridine ring, dihydropyrinmidine ring, dihydropyrrole ring, dihydroquinoline ring, dihydrotetrazole ring, dihydrothiadiazole ring, dihydrothiazole ring, dihydrotriazole ring, dihydroazetidine ring, imidazole ring, pyrazole ring, pyrrole ring, furan ring, thiophene ring, isothiazole ring, oxazole ring, oxadiazole ring, isoxazole ring, pyrazine ring, pyridazine ring, pyridine ring, pyrimidine ring, tetrazole ring, thiadiazole ring, thiazole ring, thiophene ring or triazole ring; 
 and/or, when 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       is replaced by a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic ring, then the heteroaromatic ring is C 1 -C 10  heteroaromatic ring, the heteroatom(s) in the heteroaromatic ring is(are) preferably selected from nitrogen and oxygen, and the number of the heteroatom(s) is 1 to 3; the heteroaromatic ring is more preferably acridine ring, carbazole ring, cinnoline ring, carboline ring, quinoxaline ring, imidazole ring, pyrazole ring, pyrrole ring, indole ring, indoline ring, benzotriazole ring, benzimidazole ring, furan ring, thiophen ring, isothiazole ring, benzothiophene ring, dihydrobenzothiophene ring, benzofuran ring, isobenzofuran ring, benzoxazole ring, benzofuraxan ring, benzopyrazole ring, quinoline ring, isoindoline ring, isoquinoline ring, oxazole ring, oxadiazole ring, isoxazole ring, indole ring, pyrazine ring, pyridopyridine ring, tetrazolopyridine ring, imidazopyridine ring, imidazopyrazine ring, pyridazine ring, pyridine ring, naphthopyrimidine ring, pyrimidine ring, tetrazole ring, thiadiazole ring, thiazole ring, thiophene ring, triazole ring, quinazoline ring, tetrahydroquinoline ring, dihydrobenzimidazole ring, dihydrobenzofuran ring, dihydrobenzoxazole ring or dihydroquinoline ring. 
     
     
         4 . The aromatic vinyl or aromatic ethyl derivative represented by general formula (I), or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as defined in  claim 1 , wherein,
 each of R 1  is independently halogen, or, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl; or two adjacent R 1  together with the two carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 5- to 7-membered heterocarbocyclic ring;   and/or, R 2  is alkyl or halogen;   and/or, each of R 3  is independently halogen, alkylthio or alkoxy; or two adjacent R 3  together with the two carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 5- to 7-membered heterocarbocyclic ring; when two R 3  are adjacent, and the two adjacent R together with the two carbon atoms to which they are attached form the 5- to 7-membered carbocyclic ring or heterocarbocyclic ring, then the carbocyclic ring or heterocarbocyclic ring can be further substituted by one or more than one C 1 -C 4  alkyl;   and/or, n is 0, 1, 2 or 3;   and/or, m is 2 or 3; preferably, m is 2;   and/or,   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       can be replaced by a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic ring. 
     
     
         5 . The aromatic vinyl or aromatic ethyl derivative represented by general formula (I), or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as defined in  claim 4 , wherein,
 when R 1  is substituted alkyl, the substituent(s) in the substituted alkyl is(are) one or more selected from halogen and   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       R a  and R b  are independently hydrogen, or, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl; in R a  or R b , the substituent(s) in the substituted alkyl is(are) one or more selected from hydroxyl and C 1 -C 4  carboxyl;
 and/or, when n is 1, then R 3  is halogen, alkylthio or alkoxy; and R 3  is located on ortho, meta or para position of the phenyl; 
 and/or, when n is 2, then two R 3  are located on ortho and meta positions of the phenyl, and the two R 3  are identical or different; or two R 3  are adjacent, and the two adjacent R 3  together with the two carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 5- to 7-membered heterocarbocyclic ring; when two R 3  are adjacent, and the two adjacent R 3  together with the two carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 5- to 7-membered carbocyclic ring or heterocarbocyclic ring, then the carbocyclic ring or heterocarbocyclic ring can be further substituted by one or more than one C 1 -C 4  alkyl; the 5- to 7-membered heterocarbocyclic ring is preferably 2,3-dihydro-1,4-dioxane, oxazole ring, isoxazole ring or pyrazole ring; 
 and/or, when n is 3, then two of R 3  are adjacent, and the two adjacent R 3  together with the two carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 5- to 7-membered heterocarbocyclic ring; when two R 3  are adjacent, and the two adjacent R 3  together with the two carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 5- to 7-membered carbocyclic ring or heterocarbocyclic ring, then the carbocyclic ring or heterocarbocyclic ring can be further substituted by one or more than one C 1 -C 4  alkyl; the 5- to 7-membered heterocarbocyclic ring is preferably 2,3-dihydro-1,4-dioxane, oxazole ring, isoxazole ring or pyrazole ring; 
 and/or, when m is 2, then two R 1  are located on ortho and para positions of the phenyl, respectively, and the two R 1  are identical or different; R 1  located on ortho position of the phenyl is alkyl or alkyl substituted by halogen; R 1  located on meta position of the phenyl is alkyl substituted by 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         and/or, when m is 3, then two of R 1  are adjacent, and the two adjacent R 1  together with the two carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 5- to 7-membered heterocarbocyclic ring, and the third R 1  is alkyl substituted by 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         and/or, when 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       is replaced by a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic ring, then the heteroatom(s) in the heteroaromatic ring is(are) selected from nitrogen and oxygen, and the number of the heteroatom(s) is 1 to 3; further preferably, when the heteroaromatic ring is a monocyclic ring, then the heteroatom(s) is(are) nitrogen, and the number of the heteroatom(s) is 1 or 2; when the heteroaromatic ring is a dicyclic heteroaromatic ring and the heteroatom(s) is(are) nitrogen, then the number of the heteroatom(s) is 3; when the heteroaromatic ring is a dicyclic heteroaromatic ring, the heteroatom(s) is(are) selected from nitrogen and oxygen, and the number of the heteroatoms is 2, then the heteroatoms are not adjacent. 
     
     
         6 . The aromatic vinyl or aromatic ethyl derivative represented by general formula (I), or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as defined in  claim 5 , wherein,
 R 1  located on ortho position of the phenyl is C 1-4  alkyl or C 1-4  alkyl substituted by one or more halogen, such as trifluoromethyl;   and/or, the alkyl substituted by   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       C 1 -C 4  alkyl substituted by 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       the C 1 -C 4  alkyl substituted by 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       is preferably 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein, one of R a  and R b  is H, and the other is alkyl substituted by hydroxyl and/or carboxyl; the C 1 -C 4  alkyl substituted by 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       is more preferably 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein, the carbon labelled by * is an S-configuration chiral carbon, an R-configuration chiral carbon or an achiral carbon; 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       is preferably 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       is preferably 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       is preferably 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       is preferably 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         7 . The aromatic vinyl or aromatic ethyl derivative represented by general formula (I), or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as defined in  claim 1 , wherein,
 each of R 1  is independently H, or, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl; or two adjacent R 1  together with the two carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 5- to 7-membered heterocarbocyclic ring; the substituent(s) in the substituted alkyl is(are) one or more selected from halogen and   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       R a  and R b  are independently hydrogen, or, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl; in R a  or R b , the substituent(s) in the substituted alkyl is(are) one or more selected from hydroxyl and C 1 -C 4  carboxyl;
 R 2  is alkyl or halogen; 
 each of R 3  is independently H, halogen, alkylthio or alkoxy; or two adjacent R 3  together with the two carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 5- to 7-membered heterocarbocyclic ring; 
 n is 0, 1, 2 or 3; when n is 1, then R 3  is halogen, alkylthio or alkoxy; and R 3  is located on ortho, meta or para position of the phenyl; when n is 2, then two R 3  are located on ortho and meta positions of the phenyl, wherein, the two R 3  are identical or different; or two R 3  are adjacent, and the two adjacent R 3  together with the two carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 5- to 7-membered heterocarbocyclic ring; when n is 3, then one of R 3  is halogen, the other two R 3  are adjacent, and the two adjacent R 3  together with the two carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 5- to 7-membered heterocarbocyclic ring; when two R 3  are adjacent, and the two adjacent R 3  together with the two carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 5- to 7-membered carbocyclic ring or heterocarbocyclic ring, then the carbocyclic ring or heterocarbocyclic ring is further substituted by one or more than one C 1 -C 4  alkyl; 
 m is 2 or 3; when m is 2, then two R 1  are located on ortho and para position of the phenyl, respectively, R 1  located on ortho position of the phenyl is alkyl or alkyl substituted by halogen; R 1  located on meta position of the phenyl is alkyl substituted by 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       when m is 3, then two of R 1  are adjacent, and the two adjacent R 1  together with the two carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 5- to 7-membered heterocarbocyclic ring, and the third R 1  is alkyl substituted by 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         and 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       can be replaced by a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic ring, in the heteroaromatic ring, the heteroatom(s) is(are) selected from nitrogen and oxygen, and the number of the heteroatom(s) is 1 to 3; further preferably, when the heteroaromatic ring is a monocyclic ring, then the heteroatom(s) is(are) nitrogen, and the number of the heteroatom(s) is 1 or 2; when the heteroaromatic ring is a dicyclic heteroaromatic ring and the heteroatom(s) is(are) nitrogen, then the number of the heteroatom(s) is 3; when the heteroaromatic ring is a dicyclic heteroaromatic ring, the heteroatom(s) is(are) selected from nitrogen and oxygen, and the number of the heteroatoms is 2, then the heteroatoms are not adjacent. 
     
     
         8 . The aromatic vinyl or aromatic ethyl derivative represented by general formula (I), or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as defined in  claim 1 , wherein, 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         9 . The aromatic vinyl or aromatic ethyl derivative represented by general formula (I), or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as defined in  claim 1 , wherein, the aromatic vinyl or aromatic ethyl derivative represented by general formula (I) is: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         10 . The aromatic vinyl or aromatic ethyl derivative represented by general formula (I), or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as defined in  claim 1 , wherein, the aromatic vinyl or aromatic ethyl derivative represented by general formula (I) is an aromatic vinyl or aromatic ethyl derivative represented by general formula (II): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein, the definitions of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , n, R a  and R b  are as defined in  claim 1 , and m1 is 0, 1 or 2. 
     
     
         11 . A method for preparing the aromatic vinyl or aromatic ethyl derivative represented by general formula (II) as defined in  claim 10 , which comprises the following step: conducting a reductive amination reaction of compound (I-a) with 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       to obtain the compound represented by general formula (II); 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       in the general formulae above, the definitions of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , n, m1, R a  and R b  are as defined in  claim 10 . 
     
     
         12 . The method as defined in  claim 11 , wherein, the method for preparing the compound (I-a) comprises the following step: in a solvent, in the presence of a palladium catalyst, conducting a coupling reaction of compound (II-b) and 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       to obtain the compound (I-a); 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein, the definitions of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , n and m1 are as defined in  claim 11 , and X is halogen. 
     
     
         13 . A compound represented by formula (I-a): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein, the definitions of R 1 , R 2 , R 3  and n are as defined in  claim 10 , and m1 is 0, 1 or 2; and 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       is not 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         14 . The compound represented by formula (I-a) as defined in  claim 13 , which is: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         15 . A pharmaceutical composition, which comprises a therapeutically and/or prophylactically effective amount of the aromatic vinyl or aromatic ethyl derivative represented by general formula (I), or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as defined in  claim 1 , and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and/or a diluent. 
     
     
         16 . A method for inhibiting PD-1 and/or PD-L1 in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of the aromatic vinyl or aromatic ethyl derivative represented by general formula (I), or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as defined in  claim 1  to the subject. 
     
     
         17 . A method for preventing, alleviating or treating cancer, infection, autoimmune diseases or related diseases thereof in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of the aromatic vinyl or aromatic ethyl derivative represented by general formula (I), or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as defined in  claim 1  to the subject. 
     
     
         18 . The method as defined in  claim 17 , wherein, the cancer is one or more selected from lung cancer, esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, brain tumor, breast cancer, cervical cancer, blood cancer and bone cancer. 
     
     
         19 . A method for inhibiting PD-1 and/or PD-L1 in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition as defined in  claim 15  to the subject. 
     
     
         20 . A method for preventing, alleviating or treating cancer, infection, autoimmune diseases or related diseases thereof in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition as defined in  claim 15  to the subject.