Optical modulator

Abstract

A optical device including: a substrate; an optical waveguide formed at the substrate; and a protective layer formed adjacent to the optical waveguide, wherein the optical waveguide includes multiple side surfaces that intersect the substrate, at least one side surface of the optical waveguide is provided with a rough surface. According to the optical device, the light propagation loss can be reduced.

1 . An optical device comprising:
 a substrate;   an optical waveguide formed at the substrate; and   a protective layer formed adjacent to the optical waveguide,   wherein the optical waveguide comprises multiple side surfaces that intersect the substrate,   at least one side surface of the optical waveguide is provided with a rough surface.   
     
     
         2 . The optical device according to  claim 1 , wherein the maximum value of the roughness of the rough surface Rmax is 8.6 to 55 nm. 
     
     
         3 . The optical device according to  claim 2 , wherein the maximum value of the roughness of the rough surface Rmax is 17 to 40 nm. 
     
     
         4 . The optical device according to  claim 2 , wherein in the rough surface, there are 2 or more peaks in a field of view of 1.5 μm×0.2 μm. 
     
     
         5 . The optical device according to  claim 1 , wherein the rough surface is provided with ribs in a direction intersecting the substrate. 
     
     
         6 . The optical device according to  claim 5 , wherein the ribs are longitudinal ribs. 
     
     
         7 . The optical device according to  claim 1 , wherein the optical waveguide is a film composed of LiNbO 3  or LiTaO 3 . 
     
     
         8 . The optical device according to  claim 1 , wherein the optical waveguide is a film in which LiNbO 3  is doped with at least one element selected from Ti, Mg, Zn, In, Sc, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu. 
     
     
         9 . The optical device according to  claim 1 , wherein the optical waveguide is an epitaxial film. 
     
     
         10 . The optical device according to  claim 9 , wherein the epitaxial film is oriented in a direction intersecting the substrate. 
     
     
         11 . An optical modulator comprising:
 a substrate;   an optical waveguide formed at the substrate;   a protective layer formed adjacent to the optical waveguide; and   an electrode formed at the optical waveguide via the protective layer,   wherein the optical waveguide comprises multiple side surfaces that intersect the substrate,   at least one side surface of the optical waveguide is provided with a rough surface.