Soil characteristic sensors on ground-engaging elements of a planting machine

Abstract

Disclosed are devices, systems and methods related to agricultural planters. In some implementations, the row unit includes a soil engaging member, where the soil engaging member engages at least one sidewall of a trench and displaces soil from the sidewall to cover the seed. In further implementations, the row unit includes a sensing system for sensing sidewall compaction and/or soil moisture.

1 . An agricultural planting system comprising:
 one or more row units, each row unit comprising:   (a) a soil engaging member shaped to penetrate at least one sidewall of a trench and urge soil over a seed; and   (b) a least one sensor in operative communication with the at least one soil engaging member, the at least one sensor configured to measure one or more seed trench parameters.   
     
     
         2 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the soil engaging member includes at least one angled portion and wherein the angled portion penetrates the sidewall of the trench and urges soil from the sidewall of the trench over a seed. 
     
     
         3 . The system of  claim 2 , wherein the soil engaging member includes two angled portions such that the soil engaging member penetrates both sidewalls of the trench. 
     
     
         4 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the at least one sensor measures soil moisture or force. 
     
     
         5 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the at least one sensor is a strain gauge. 
     
     
         6 . A row unit comprising:
 (a) at least one opening disc;   (b) a soil engaging member constructed and arranged to penetrate a sidewall of a seed trench and displace soil from a sidewall to cover a seed; and   (c) at least one closing disc constructed and arranged to urge soil into the seed trench to close the trench.   
     
     
         7 . The row unit of  claim 6 , further comprising a sensing system comprising at least one sensor operatively engaged with the soil engaging member, wherein the at least one sensor configured to measure at least one of sidewall compaction and soil moisture. 
     
     
         8 . The row unit of  claim 7 , wherein the at least one sensor is a soil moisture sensor. 
     
     
         9 . The row unit of  claim 7 , wherein the at least one sensor is a strain gauge. 
     
     
         10 . The row unit of  claim 9 , wherein the strain gauge measures the force exerted on the soil engaging member during operation to infer sidewall compaction. 
     
     
         11 . The row unit of  claim 10 , wherein the soil engaging member further comprises one or more wings configured to engage with the sidewall. 
     
     
         12 . The row unit of  claim 11 , wherein the one or more wings are placed on the soil engaging member such that the one or more wings engage with the sidewall at or near a bottom of a trench. 
     
     
         13 . A planting system comprising a plurality of row units, each row unit comprising:
 (a) at least one opening disc configured to open a seed trench;   (b) a soil engaging member configured to engage a sidewall of the trench during planting; and   (c) at least one strain gauge in operative communication with the soil engaging member, wherein the at least one strain gauge measures force on the soil engaging member during planting operations.   
     
     
         14 . The planting system of  claim 13 , wherein the force on the soil engaging member during planting operations is a measure of sidewall compaction. 
     
     
         15 . The planting system of  claim 14 , wherein when excessive sidewall compaction is detected target downforce on the row unit is decreased and when insufficient sidewall compaction is detected target downforce on the row unit is increased. 
     
     
         16 . The planting system of  claim 14 , wherein when excessive sidewall compaction is detected supplemental closing wheel force is increased and when insufficient sidewall compaction is detected supplemental closing wheel force is decreased. 
     
     
         17 . The planting system of  claim 13 , further comprising one or more moisture sensors disposed on the soil engaging member, wherein the one or more moisture sensors is configured to measure soil moisture. 
     
     
         18 . The planting system of  claim 17 , wherein a supplemental closing wheel force is adjusted based on soil moisture readings.