Biobased diisocyanates, and process for preparation of same

Abstract

Biobased diisocyanates are derived from 3-petadecyl phenol, which is derived from Cardanol harvested from cashew nutshell liquid food waste. The biobased diisocyanates are of the formulas: wherein R is an alkyl chain C 15 H 31 (n-pentadecyl); R 1 ═CH 3 or COCH 3 ; and R 2 is an alkylene of from about 1 to 18 carbon atoms.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A biobased diisocyanate of the formula 1 or 2: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein R is an alkyl chain C 15 H 31  (n-pentadecyl); R 1 ═CH 3  or COCH 3 ; and R 2  is an alkylene of from about 1 to 18 carbon atoms. 
     
     
         2 . The biobased diisocyanate of  claim 1 , wherein formula 1 is selected from the group consisting of: 1,5-diisocyanato-2-methoxy-4-pentadecylbenzene, 1,3-di isocyanato-2-m ethoxy-4-pentadecylbenzene, 2,4-diisocyanato-5-pentadecylphenyl acetate, and 2,6-diisocyanato-3-pentadecylphenyl acetate, and mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         3 . The biobased diisocyanate of  claim 1 , wherein formula 2 is selected from the group consisting of: 1,2-bis(4-isocyanato-3-pentadecylphenoxy) ethane, 1,2-bis(2-isocyanato-5-pentadecylphenoxy) alkane, 1,2-bis(2-isocyanato-3-pentadecylphenoxy) alkane, 1-isocyanato-2-(2-(4-isocyanato-3-pentadecylphenoxy) alkoxy)-4-pentadecylbenzene, 2-isocyanato-1-(2-(4-isocyanato-3-pentadecylphenoxy) alkoxy)-3-pentadecylbenzene, 2-isocyanato-1-(2-(2-isocyanato-5-pentadecylphenoxy) alkoxy)-3-pentadecylbenzene, and mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         4 . The biobased diisocyanate of  claim 1 , wherein the diisocyanate is from about 70 to about 85% biobased, by total weight of the diisocyanate. 
     
     
         5 . A process for the preparation of the biobased diisocyanate of  claim 1 , formula 1, comprising the steps of: (i) nitration of 3-n-pentadecylphenol to di-nitro-pentadecyl-phenol; (ii) methylation of di-nitro-pentadecyl-phenol to di-nitro-methoxy-pentadecylbenzene; (iii) reduction of di-nitro-methoxy-pentadecylbenzene to di-amino-methoxy-pentadecylbenzene; and (iv) phosgenation of di-amino-methoxy-pentadecylbenzene to diisocyanato-methoxy-pentadecylbenzene. 
     
     
         6 . A process for the preparation of the biobased diisocyanate of  claim 1 , formula 1, comprising the steps of: (i) methylation of 3-n-pentadecylphenol to methoxy-pentadecylbenzene; (ii) nitration of methoxy-pentadecylbenzene to di-nitro-methoxy-pentadecylbenzene; (iii) reduction of di-nitro-methoxy-pentadecylbenzene to di-amino-methoxy-pentadecylbenzene; and (iv) phosgenation of di-amino-methoxy-pentadecylbenzene to diisocyanato-methoxy-pentadecylbenzene. 
     
     
         7 . A process for the preparation of the biobased diisocyanate of  claim 1 , formula 1, comprising the steps of: (i) nitration of 3-n-pentadecylphenol to di-nitro-pentadecyl-phenol; (ii) acetylation of di-nitro-pentadecyl-phenol to dinitro-5-pentadecylphenyl acetate; (iii) reduction of dinitro-5-pentadecylphenyl acetate to diamino-5-pentadecylphenyl acetate; and (iv) phosgenation of diamino-5-pentadecylphenyl acetate to diisocyanato-diamino-5-pentadecylphenyl acetate. 
     
     
         8 . A process for the preparation of the biobased diisocyanate of  claim 1 , formula 1, comprising the steps of: (i) acetylation of 3-n-pentadecylphenol to 3-pentadecylphenyl acetate; (ii) nitration of 3-pentadecylphenyl acetate to dinitro-5-pentadecylphenyl acetate; (iii) reduction of dinitro-5-pentadecylphenyl acetate to diamino-5-pentadecylphenyl acetate; and (iv) phosgenation of diamino-5-pentadecylphenyl acetate to diisocyanato-diamino-5-pentadecylphenyl acetate. 
     
     
         9 . A process for the preparation of the biobased diisocyanate of  claim 1 , formula 2, comprising the steps of: (i) nitration of 3-n-pentadecylphenol to nitro-pentadecyl-phenol; (ii) etherification of dihaloalkane with nitro-pentadecyl-phenol to bis-(nitro-pentadecyl-phenoxy)-alkane; (iii) reduction of bis-(nitro-pentadecyl-phenoxy)-alkane to bis-(amino-pentadecyl-phenoxy)-alkane; and (iv) phosgenation of bis-(amino-pentadecyl-phenoxy)-alkane to 1,2-bis(isocyanato-pentadecylphenoxy) alkane. 
     
     
         10 . The process of  claim 9 , wherein the dihaloalkane is selected from the group consisting of: 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,2-dibromoethane, 1,2-diiodoethane, 1,3-dichloropropane, 1,3-dibromopropane, 1,4-dichlorobutane, 1,4-dibromobutane, 1,5-dichloropentane, 1,5-dibromopentane, 1,6-dibromohexane, 1,8-dibromooctane, 1,9-dibromononane, 1,10-dibromodecane, 1,12-dibromododecane, 1,18-dibromooctadecane, and mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         11 . A process for the preparation of the biobased diisocyanate of  claim 1 , formula 2, comprising the steps of: (i) etherification of dihaloalkane with pentadecyl-phenol to bis-(pentadecyl-phenoxy)-alkane; (ii) nitration of bis-(pentadecyl-phenoxy)-alkane to bis-(nitro-pentadecyl-phenoxy)-alkane; (iii) reduction of bis-(nitro-pentadecyl-phenoxy)-alkane to bis-(amino-pentadecyl-phenoxy)-alkane; and iv) phosgenation of bis-(amino-pentadecyl-phenoxy)-alkane to 1,2-bis(isocyanato-pentadecylphenoxy) alkane. 
     
     
         12 . The process of  claim 11 , wherein the dihaloalkane is selected from the group consisting of: 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,2-dibromoethane, 1,2-diiodoethane, 1,3-dichloropropane, 1,3-dibromopropane, 1,4-dichlorobutane, 1,4-dibromobutane, 1,5-dichloropentane, 1,5-dibromopentane, 1,6-dibromohexane, 1,8-dibromooctane, 1,9-dibromononane, 1,10-dibromodecane, 1,12-dibromododecane, 1,18-dibromooctadecane, and mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         13 . A polyurethane elastomer derived from:
 the biobased diisocyanate of  claim 1 ; and   a polyester resin.   
     
     
         14 . The polyurethane of  claim 13 , wherein the biobased diisocyanate is the biobased diisocyanate of formula 1, and is selected from the group consisting of: 1,5-diisocyanato-2-methoxy-4-pentadecylbenzene, 1,3-diisocyanato-2-methoxy-4-pentadecylbenzene, 2,4-diisocyanato-5-pentadecylphenyl acetate, and 2,6-di isocyanato-3-pentadecylphenyl acetate, and mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         15 . The polyurethane of  claim 13 , wherein the biobased diisocyanate is the biobased diisocyanate of formula 2, and is selected from the group consisting of: 1,2-bis(4-isocyanato-3-pentadecylphenoxy) ethane, 1,2-bis(2-isocyanato-5-pentadecylphenoxy) alkane, 1,2-bis(2-isocyanato-3-pentadecylphenoxy) alkane, 1-isocyanato-2-(2-(4-isocyanato-3-pentadecylphenoxy) alkoxy)-4-pentadecylbenzene, 2-isocyanato-1-(2-(4-isocyanato-3-pentadecylphenoxy) alkoxy)-3-pentadecylbenzene, 2-isocyanato-1-(2-(2-isocyanato-5-pentadecylphenoxy) alkoxy)-3-pentadecylbenzene, and mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         16 . The polyurethane of  claim 13 , wherein the polyester resin is a biobased polyester resin. 
     
     
         17 . The polyurethane of  claim 13 , wherein from about 85 to about 99% of the weight of the polyurethane elastomer is derived from biobased content.