High visibility yarns and fabrics and methods relating thereto

Abstract

Described herein are high visibility yarns and fabrics along with methods and making and using the same.

1 . A yarn comprising:
 a blend of fibers, the blend of fibers comprising:   about 90% to about 99% fiber dyed modacrylic fibers by weight of the yarn;   about 0% to about 10% para-aramid fibers by weight of the yarn; and   about 0% to about 2% anti-static fibers by weight of the yarn,   wherein at least one of para-aramid fibers and anti-static fibers are present in the yarn.   
     
     
         2 .- 17 . (canceled) 
     
     
         18 . A fabric comprising the yarn of  claim 1 . 
     
     
         19 . A fabric comprising:
 a plurality of yarns, wherein each yarn of the plurality of yarns comprises fiber dyed modacrylic fibers blended with para-aramid fibers and/or anti-static fibers,   wherein the fabric comprises:   about 90% to about 99% fiber dyed modacrylic fibers by weight of the fabric;   about 0% to about 10% para-aramid fibers by weight of the fabric; and   about 0% to about 2% anti-static fibers by weight of the fabric.   
     
     
         20 . The fabric of  claim 19 , wherein the fabric comprises para-aramid fibers. 
     
     
         21 . The fabric of  claim 19 , wherein the fabric comprises anti-static fibers. 
     
     
         22 . The fabric of  claim 19 , wherein the fabric comprises para-aramid fibers and anti-static fibers. 
     
     
         23 . The fabric of  claim 20 , wherein the para-aramid fibers are not fiber dyed para-aramid fibers. 
     
     
         24 . The fabric  claim 19 , wherein the fiber dyed modacrylic fibers are present in an amount of about 95% by weight of fabric and the para-aramid fibers are present in an amount of about 5% by weight of the fabric. 
     
     
         25 . The fabric of  claim 19 , wherein the fiber dyed modacrylic fibers are present in an amount of greater than 95% by weight of fabric and the para-aramid fibers are present in an amount of less than 5% by weight of the fabric. 
     
     
         26 . The fabric of  claim 19 , wherein the fabric comprises fiber dyed fibers in an amount of about 90% to about 100% by weight of the fabric. 
     
     
         27 .- 29 . (canceled) 
     
     
         30 . The fabric of  claim 19 , wherein the fabric is not treated with a coloring agent and/or wherein each yarn of the plurality of yarns is devoid of a post-formation dye. 
     
     
         31 . The fabric of  claim 19 , wherein the fabric has a weight of about 5 ounces per square yard (osy) to about 7 osy. 
     
     
         32 . The fabric of  claim 19 , wherein the fabric is woven or is a knit. 
     
     
         33 - 34 . (canceled) 
     
     
         35 . The fabric of  claim 19 , wherein the fabric meets or exceeds the requirements set forth in ANSI/ISEA 107-2020, ISO 20471:2013, ASTM E1164-17, AATCC 61-2013 AATCC 132-2013, AATCC 133-2013 as carried out at 230° F., 302° F., and/or 392° F., AATCC 8-2016, AATCC 15-2013, ASTM D1424-09 (2019), ASTM D3787-07 (2016), ASTM D6797-07 (2015), AATCC 135-2018, AATCC 96-2012, and/or AATCC 107-2013. 
     
     
         36 . The fabric of  claim 19 , wherein the fabric, after laundering in accordance with AATCC 61-2013 as carried out at about 105° F. 145° F., has a grade of 4-5 or 5 for color change and/or a grade of 4, 4-5, or 5 for staining of acetate, staining of cotton, staining of nylon, staining of polyester, staining of acrylic, and/or staining of wool. 
     
     
         37 . The fabric of  claim 19 , wherein the fabric, after laundering in accordance with AATCC 61-2013 as carried out at about 105° F., has a grade of 4, 4-5, or 5 for staining of acetate, staining of cotton, staining of nylon, staining of polyester, staining of acrylic, and/or staining of wool. 
     
     
         38 . (canceled) 
     
     
         39 . The fabric of  claim 19 , wherein the fabric, after laundering in accordance with AATCC 61-2013 as carried out at about 145° F., has an improvement in grade for staining of one or more of acetate, cotton, nylon, polyester, acrylic, and wool compared to a control fabric devoid of a fiber dyed modacrylic fiber. 
     
     
         40 . The fabric of  claim 19 , wherein the fabric has a color, prior to and/or after an exposure test, having chromaticity coordinates as defined by ANSI/ISEA 107-2020 that fall within the chromaticity coordinates for fluorescent yellow-green, fluorescent orange-red, or fluorescent red. 
     
     
         41 . The fabric of  claim 19 , wherein the fabric has a luminance factor, prior to an exposure test, of at least 70%, optionally wherein the luminance factor is measured in accordance with ASTM E1164-17. 
     
     
         42 .- 45 . (canceled) 
     
     
         46 . The fabric of  claim 19 , wherein, after laundering, the fabric has a dimensional change in the warp direction and/or fill direction or machine direction and/or cross-machine direction that is within ±7%, as measured in accordance with AATCC 135-2018 (3) (III) (A) (iii), AATCC 158-2016 and/or AATCC 96-2012 (Mc) (A) and/or (E) carried out at a temperature of about 105° F. to about 140° F. 
     
     
         47 - 53 . (canceled) 
     
     
         54 . The fabric of  claim 19 , wherein the fabric is UL compliant and/or the fabric meets or exceeds the requirements set forth in ASTM D6413, NFPA 70E, NFPA 2112, ASTM F1506, NFPA 1975, NFPA 1977, Canadian Standard CGSB 155.20, and/or Canadian Standard CGSB 155.22. 
     
     
         55 .- 64 . (canceled) 
     
     
         65 . The fabric of  claim 19 , wherein the fabric has a protection to weight ratio of about 1 or more (arc rating (cal/cm 2 ) as measured in accordance with NFPA 70E:weight of the fabric). 
     
     
         66 . A method of forming a garment, the method comprising:
 providing the fabric of  claim 19 .   
     
     
         67 . (canceled)