Methods and devices for surgical pre-treatment

Abstract

An apparatus includes multiple first reservoirs and multiple second reservoirs joined with a substrate. Selected ones of the multiple first reservoirs include a reducing agent, and first reservoir surfaces of selected ones of the multiple first reservoirs are proximate to a first substrate surface. Selected ones of the multiple second reservoirs include an oxidizing agent, and second reservoir surfaces of selected ones of the multiple second reservoirs are proximate to the first substrate surface.

1 . A catheter comprising one or more biocompatible electrodes configured to generate at least one of a low level electric field (LLEF) or low level electric current (LLEC). 
     
     
         2 . The catheter of  claim 1  wherein the biocompatible electrodes comprise a first array comprising a first pattern of microcells formed from a first conductive material, and a second array comprising a second pattern of microcells formed from a second conductive material. 
     
     
         3 . The catheter of  claim 2  wherein the first conductive material and the second conductive material comprise the same material. 
     
     
         4 . The catheter of  claim 3  wherein the first array and the second array each comprise a discrete circuit. 
     
     
         5 . The catheter of  claim 4 , further comprising a power source. 
     
     
         6 . The catheter of  claim 2  wherein the first array and the second array spontaneously generate a LLEF. 
     
     
         7 . The catheter of  claim 6  wherein the first array and the second array spontaneously generate a LLEC when contacted with an electrolytic solution. 
     
     
         8 . A method for catheterizing a patient comprising use one or more biocompatible electrodes configured to generate at least one of a low level electric field (LLEF) or low level electric current (LLEC). 
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 8  wherein the biocompatible electrodes comprise a first array comprising a first pattern of microcells formed from a first conductive material, and a second array comprising a second pattern of microcells formed from a second conductive material. 
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 9  wherein the first conductive material and the second conductive material comprise the same material. 
     
     
         11 . The method of  claim 9  wherein the first array and the second array each comprise a discrete circuit. 
     
     
         12 . The method of  claim 4 , wherein said catheter further comprises a power source. 
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 9  wherein the first array and the second array spontaneously generate a LLEF. 
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 13  wherein the first array and the second array spontaneously generate a LLEC when contacted with an electrolytic solution.