Fluids for immersion cooling

Abstract

An immersion cooling system includes a housing having an interior space; a heat-generating component disposed within the interior space; and a working fluid liquid disposed within the interior space such that the heat-generating component is in contact with the working fluid liquid. The working fluid comprises a compound having Structural Formula (IA)Each Rf1 and Rf2 is, independently, (i) a linear or branched perhalogenated acyclic alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms and optionally contains one or more catenated heteroatoms selected from O or N; or (ii) a perhalogenated 5-7 membered cyclic alkyl group having 3-7 carbon atoms and optionally contains one or more catenated heteroatoms selected from O or N.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . An immersion cooling system comprising:
 a housing having an interior space;   a heat-generating component disposed within the interior space; and   a working fluid liquid disposed within the interior space such that the heat-generating component is in contact with the working fluid liquid;   wherein the working fluid comprises a compound having Structural Formula (IA)   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           wherein each R f   1  and R f   2  is, independently, (i) a linear or branched perhalogenated acyclic alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms and optionally contains one or more catenated heteroatoms selected from O or N; 
           or (ii) a perhalogenated 5-7 membered cyclic alkyl group having 3-7 carbon atoms and optionally contains one or more catenated heteroatoms selected from O or N; and 
           at least one additional fluid component, wherein the working fluid has a dielectric constant less than 2.5. 
         
       
     
     
         2 . The immersion cooling system of  claim 1 , wherein the at least one additional fluid component comprises an additional compound of Structural Formula (IA). 
     
     
         3 . The immersion cooling system of  claim 2 , wherein the working fluid has a boiling point greater than or equal to than 30° C. 
     
     
         4 . The immersion cooling system of  claim 1 , wherein the at least one additional fluid component comprises a perfluoroalkene, perfluorocarbon, a perfluorinated tertiary amine, a perfluoroether, a perfluoroketone, or a combination thereof. 
     
     
         5 . The immersion cooling system of  claim 1 , wherein the working fluid comprises at least 90% by weight of one or more compounds having Structural Formula (IA). 
     
     
         6 . The immersion cooling system of  claim 1 , wherein the compound having Structural Formula (IA) comprises a compound of the structure: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         7 . The immersion cooling system of  claim 1 , wherein the compound having Structural Formula (IA) is prepared from the reaction of a hydrofluoroolefin with an unsaturated perfluorinated compound in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst. 
     
     
         8 . The immersion cooling system of  claim 1 , wherein compounds having Structural Formula (IA) are present in the working fluid in an amount of at least 95 percent by weight based on the total weight of compounds having Structural Formula (IA) and compounds having Structural Formula (IB) 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         in the working fluid. 
       
     
     
         9 . The immersion cooling system of  claim 1 , wherein compounds having Structural Formula (IA) are present in the working fluid in an amount of at least 99 percent by weight based on the total weight of compounds having Structural Formula (IA) and compounds having Structural Formula (IB) 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         in the working fluid. 
       
     
     
         10 . The immersion cooling system of  claim 1 , wherein the working fluid has a Global Warming Potential (GWP) of less than 200. 
     
     
         11 . The immersion cooling system of  claim 1 , wherein the working fluid is non flammable. 
     
     
         12 . The immersion cooling system of  claim 1 , wherein the working fluid has a dielectric constant of less than 2.2. 
     
     
         13 . The immersion cooling system of  claim 1 , wherein the working fluid has a dielectric constant of less than 2.0. 
     
     
         14 . The immersion cooling system of  claim 1 , wherein the heat-generating component comprises a computing server that operates at a frequency of greater than 6 GHz. 
     
     
         15 . The immersion cooling system of  claim 1 , wherein the heat-generating component comprises a computing server that operates at a frequency of greater than 9 GHz. 
     
     
         16 . The immersion cooling system of  claim 1 , wherein the immersion cooling system comprises a two-phase immersion cooling system, wherein the interior space comprises a lower volume and an upper volume, wherein the working fluid is disposed within the lower volume and a heat exchanger is disposed within the upper volume. 
     
     
         17 . A method for cooling a heat generating component, the method comprising:
 at least partially immersing a heat generating component in a working fluid; and   transferring heat from the heat generating component using the working fluid;   wherein the working fluid comprises a compound having Structural Formula (IA)   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           wherein each R f   1  and R f   2  is, independently, (i) a linear or branched perhalogenated acyclic alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms and optionally contains one or more catenated heteroatoms selected from O or N; or (ii) a perhalogenated 5-7 membered cyclic alkyl group having 3-7 carbon atoms and optionally contains one or more catenated heteroatoms selected from O or N; and 
           at least one additional fluid component, wherein the working fluid has a dielectric constant less than 2.5. 
         
       
     
     
         18 . The method of  claim 17 , wherein the heat-generating component comprises a computing server that operates at a frequency of greater than 3 GHz, and the wherein the at least one additional fluid component of the working fluid comprises an additional compound of Structural Formula (IA). 
     
     
         19 . An immersion cooling system comprising:
 a housing having an interior space;   a heat-generating component disposed within the interior space; and   a working fluid liquid disposed within the interior space such that the heat-generating component is in contact with the working fluid liquid;   wherein the working fluid comprises a compound having Structural Formula (IA)   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein each R f   1  and R f   2  is, independently, (i) a linear or branched perhalogenated acyclic alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms and optionally contains one or more catenated heteroatoms selected from O or N; or (ii) a perhalogenated 5-7 membered cyclic alkyl group having 3-7 carbon atoms and optionally contains one or more catenated heteroatoms selected from O or N; wherein the compound having Structural Formula (IA) is prepared from the reaction of a hydrofluoroolefin with an unsaturated perfluorinated compound in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst; and wherein the working fluid has a dielectric constant less than 2.5. 
     
     
         20 . An immersion cooling system comprising:
 a housing having an interior space;   a heat-generating component disposed within the interior space; and   a working fluid liquid disposed within the interior space such that the heat-generating component is in contact with the working fluid liquid;   wherein the working fluid comprises a compound having Structural Formula (IA)   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein each R f   1  and R f   2  is, independently, (i) a linear or branched perhalogenated acyclic alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms and optionally contains one or more catenated heteroatoms selected from O or N; or (ii) a perhalogenated 5-7 membered cyclic alkyl group having 3-7 carbon atoms and optionally contains one or more catenated heteroatoms selected from O or N; wherein the working fluid has a dielectric constant less than 2.3; and wherein the heat-generating component comprises a computing server that operates at a frequency of greater than 3 GHz.