Non-invasive analyte sensor and automated response system

Abstract

Analyte sensing and response systems include a sensor detecting one or more analytes in a medium. The sensor uses decoupled transmit and receive elements or antennas to transmit a signal into the medium, and receive a response to the transmitted signal. An action that is based on the detection of the analyte is generated which can directly or indirectly affect the detected analyte in the medium. The action is automatically performed. The action can be increasing or decreasing flow from a source of the analyte, or of a chemical compound interacting with the analyte. An example of the action is controlling an insulin pump, where the analyte is glucose.

1 - 22 . (canceled) 
     
     
         23 . A system, comprising:
 a non-invasive analyte sensor configured to detect an analyte in a target, the non-invasive analyte sensor includes:
 at least one transmit antenna and at least one receive antenna; 
 a transmit circuit that is electrically connectable to the at least one transmit antenna, the transmit circuit is configured to generate a transmit signal to be transmitted by the at least one transmit antenna into the target, the transmit signal is in a radio or microwave frequency range of the electromagnetic spectrum; and a receive circuit that is electrically connectable to the at least one receive antenna, the receive circuit is configured to receive a response detected by the at least one receive antenna resulting from transmission of the transmit signal by the at least one transmit antenna into the target, and 
   a first control device in communication with the non-invasive analyte sensor and connected to the target, and operation of the first control device is controlled based on the response detected by the at least one receive antenna; and   a second control device in communication with the non-invasive analyte sensor and connected to the target, and operation of the second control device is controlled based on the response detected by the at least one receive antenna.   
     
     
         24 . The system of  claim 23 , wherein the first control device is configured to change a level of the analyte in the target. 
     
     
         25 . The system of  claim 24 , wherein the second control device is configured to change the level of the analyte in the target. 
     
     
         26 . The system of  claim 23 , wherein the analyte is glucose, and the first control device or the second control device is an insulin pump. 
     
     
         27 . The system of  claim 23 , wherein the non-invasive analyte sensor is configured to detect at least one additional analyte in the target, the at least one additional analyte differs from the analyte. 
     
     
         28 . The system of  claim 23 , wherein the first control device and the second control device are pumps. 
     
     
         29 . The system of  claim 23 , wherein the first control device comprises a pump, a valve, a flow director, a fluid metering device, a fan, a heat exchanger, a heating device, a cooling device, or an IV drip; and the second control device comprises a pump, a valve, a flow director, a fluid metering device, a fan, a heat exchanger, a heating device, a cooling device, or an IV drip. 
     
     
         30 . A system, comprising:
 a non-invasive analyte sensor configured to detect an analyte in a human patient, the non-invasive analyte sensor includes:
 at least one transmit antenna and at least one receive antenna; 
 a transmit circuit that is electrically connectable to the at least one transmit antenna, the transmit circuit is configured to generate transmit signals to be transmitted by the at least one transmit antenna into the human patient, the transmit signals are in a radio or microwave frequency range of the electromagnetic spectrum; and 
 a receive circuit that is electrically connectable to the at least one receive antenna, the receive circuit is configured to receive responses detected by the at least one receive antenna resulting from transmission of the transmit signals by the at least one transmit antenna into the human patient, and 
   a first control device in communication with the non-invasive analyte sensor, the first control device is connected to the human patient and is configured in a manner to be able to affect a level of the analyte in the human patient, and operation of the first control device is controlled based on the responses detected by the at least one receive antenna; and   a second control device in communication with the non-invasive analyte sensor and connected to the human patient, and operation of the second control device is controlled based on the responses detected by the at least one receive antenna.   
     
     
         31 . The system of  claim 30 , wherein the second control device is configured in a manner to be able to affect a level of the analyte in the human patient. 
     
     
         32 . The system of  claim 30 , wherein the first control device is in wired communication with the non-invasive analyte sensor; and the second control device is in wired communication with the non-invasive analyte sensor. 
     
     
         33 . The system of  claim 30 , wherein the first control device is in wireless communication with the non-invasive analyte sensor; and the second control device is in wireless communication with the non-invasive analyte sensor. 
     
     
         34 . The system of  claim 30 , wherein the non-invasive analyte sensor is configured to analyze the responses and generate output signals based on the responses, and operation of the first control device or operation of the second control device is controlled based on the output signals. 
     
     
         35 . The system of  claim 30 , further comprising a device separate from and in communication with the non-invasive analyte sensor, the device is configured to analyze the responses and generate output signals based on the responses, and operation of the first control device or operation of the second control device is controlled based on the output signals. 
     
     
         36 . The system of  claim 30 , further comprising a device separate from the non-invasive analyte sensor; the device is in communication with the non-invasive analyte sensor; and the first control device and the second control device are in communication with the non-invasive analyte sensor via the device. 
     
     
         37 . The system of  claim 36 , wherein the device is in wired or wireless communication with the non-invasive analyte sensor; and the device is in wired or wireless communication with the first control device and the second control device. 
     
     
         38 . The system of  claim 30 , wherein the analyte is glucose, and the first control device is an insulin pump. 
     
     
         39 . The system of  claim 30 , wherein the non-invasive analyte sensor is configured to detect at least one additional analyte in the human patient, the at least one additional analyte differs from the analyte. 
     
     
         40 . The system of  claim 30 , wherein the first control device and the second control device are pumps. 
     
     
         41 . The system of  claim 30 , wherein the first control device comprises a pump, a valve, a flow director, a fluid metering device, a fan, a heat exchanger, a heating device, a cooling device, or an IV drip; and the second control device comprises a pump, a valve, a flow director, a fluid metering device, a fan, a heat exchanger, a heating device, a cooling device, or an IV drip.