Composite joint implant

Abstract

A composite joint implant device replaces or repairs damaged meniscus tissue in an animal or human. In one embodiment, a composite joint implant comprises a polymeric body which is reinforced with a pre-formed engineered ligature mechanism. The ligature reinforces the polymeric body around the circumference and is used for attaching the device within an animal or human body. The ligature mechanism internally supports the transmission of vertical loads into tensile stresses. The ligature mechanism can be coated with a compatible material to promote integration with the polymeric body and coated with an encapsulation material.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A composite joint implant for the replacement or repair of meniscus tissue comprising:
 a polymeric body comprising a top surface for articulating against a femoral condyle and a bottom surface for bearing against a tibial plateau; and   a ligature comprising a central region disposed in the polymeric body, the central region joining an anterior end and a posterior end,   the ligature further comprising a peripheral flap for peripheral fixation to at least one tissue in a subject.   
     
     
         2 . The composite joint implant of  claim 1 , wherein the polymeric body further comprises an anterior opening through which the anterior end of the ligature passes, and a posterior opening through which the posterior end of the ligature passes. 
     
     
         3 . The composite joint implant of  claim 1 , wherein the polymeric body comprises a recess, and the central region of the ligature is disposed in the recess. 
     
     
         4 . The composite joint implant of  claim 1 , wherein the top surface joins the bottom surface at an interior edge. 
     
     
         5 . The composite joint implant of  claim 1 , wherein the top surface terminates in a top lip, and the bottom surface terminates in a bottom lip. 
     
     
         6 . The composite joint implant of  claim 1 , wherein the top surface and the bottom surface define a periphery. 
     
     
         7 . The composite joint implant of  claim 1 , wherein the implant has a lubricious coating that covers at least a portion of the top surface, the bottom surface, or both, of the polymeric body. 
     
     
         8 . The composite joint implant of  claim 6 , wherein the central region of the ligature reinforces the periphery. 
     
     
         9 . The composite joint implant of  claim 1 , wherein the anterior end of the ligature is adapted to pass through a first transosseous tunnel and attach to a subject. 
     
     
         10 . The composite joint implant of  claim 1 , wherein the posterior end of the ligature is adapted to pass through a second transosseous tunnel and attach to a subject. 
     
     
         11 . The composite joint implant of  claim 1 , wherein the ligature comprises a tensile load bearing element that reinforces the polymeric body. 
     
     
         12 . The composite joint implant of  claim 11 , wherein the tensile load bearing element comprises fiber, yarn, or a combination thereof. 
     
     
         13 . The composite joint implant of  claim 1 , wherein the ligature is formed by weft knitting, warp knitting, braiding, weaving, bundling, knotting, looping, printing, additive manufacture and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         14 . The composite joint implant of  claim 1 , having an anatomical meniscus shape. 
     
     
         15 . The composite joint implant of  claim 1 , further comprising a reinforcing element that adjoins the ligature to form a scaffold. 
     
     
         16 . The composite joint implant of  claim 15 , wherein the ligature, the reinforcing element, or both, are formed by a plurality of fibers. 
     
     
         17 . The composite joint implant according to  claim 15 , wherein the ligature and the reinforcing element comprise one or more polymers chosen from polyesters, polyolefins, perhalogenated polyolefins, polyether ether ketones, polyurethanes, polyamides, silicones, nylons, and combinations of two or more thereof. 
     
     
         18 . The composite joint implant of  claim 15 , wherein the ligature, the reinforcing element, or both, comprise a mono-filament yarn, a multi-filament yarn, or a combination thereof. 
     
     
         19 . The composite joint implant of  claim 1  wherein the polymeric body comprise a polycarbonate urethane, a polyvinyl alcohol, a polyethylene glycol, or a combination thereof. 
     
     
         20 . The composite joint implant of  claim 1  wherein the ligature contains at least one fixation mechanism. 
     
     
         21 . The composite joint implant of  claim 1 , wherein the composite joint implant further comprises an encapsulation layer comprising a polycarbonate urethane, a polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol or a combination thereof. 
     
     
         22 . The composite joint implant of  claim 15 , wherein the ligature and reinforcing element are formed in the same manufacturing process step, forming a scaffold. 
     
     
         23 . The composite joint implant of  claim 1 , wherein the ligature and polymeric body are chemically or physically bonded. 
     
     
         24 . The composite joint implant of  claim 1 , wherein the implant has an internal edge and further comprises tensile load bearing elements extending radially between the posterior end and anterior end of the scaffold providing circumferential reinforcement from the internal edge to the ligature. 
     
     
         25 . A composite joint implant for the replacement or repair of meniscus tissue comprising:
 a polymeric body comprising a top surface for articulating against a femoral condyle and a bottom surface for bearing against a tibial plateau; and   a ligature comprising a central region disposed in the polymeric body, the central region joining an anterior end and a posterior end; and   a reinforcing element that adjoins the ligature to form a scaffold, wherein the ligature and reinforcing element are formed in the same manufacturing process step.