Reactor and Method for Carrying Out a Chemical Reaction

Abstract

A reactor for carrying out a chemical reaction, which has a reactor vessel and one or more reaction tubes, wherein power input elements for electrical heating of the reaction tube(s) are guided into the reactor vessel. It is provided that the power input elements each have a rod-shaped section that, in each case, runs at a wall passage through a wall of the reactor vessel in such a way that a connection chamber into which the rod-shaped sections project is arranged outside the reactor vessel and adjacently to the wall of the reactor vessel through which the rod-shaped sections run at their wall passages, and that cooling panels through which a cooling fluid can flow are provided in the connection chamber and are arranged between at least two or between at least two groups of the rod-shaped sections that project into the connection chamber.

1 . A reactor for carrying out a chemical reaction, the reactor comprising a reactor vessel and one or more reaction tubes;
 wherein:
 power input elements for electrical heating of the reaction tube(s) are guided into the reactor vessel; 
 the power input elements each have a rod-shaped section that runs through a wall of the reactor vessel at a respective wall passage; 
 a connection chamber into which the rod-shaped sections project, is located outside the reactor vessel and adjacently to the wall of the reactor vessel in which the wall passages are formed; and 
 cooling panels through which a cooling fluid can flow are provided in the connection chamber and are arranged between at least two or between at least two groups of the rod-shaped sections that project into the connection chamber. 
   
     
     
         2 . The reactor according to  claim 1 , wherein:
 a number of tube sections of the one or more reaction tubes each run between a first region and a second region in the reactor vessel; and   the tube sections in the first region for electrical heating of the tube sections are each electrically connected or connectable to power connections (U, V, W) of a power source, wherein power input arrangements to which a respective one or a respective group of the tube sections is electrically connected are provided in the first region, wherein the power input arrangements each have one of the power input elements with the rod-shaped sections, each of which runs at wall passages through a wall of the reactor vessel.   
     
     
         3 . The reactor according to  claim 1 , wherein the cooling panels each extend between boundary surfaces, whose distance defines a thickness of the cooling panels, and along the boundary surfaces, wherein the extension of the cooling panels along the boundary surfaces is more than double, five times, ten times, or twenty times the thickness of the cooling panels. 
     
     
         4 . The reactor according to  claim 3 , wherein the boundary surfaces whose distance defines a thickness of the cooling panels are planar or curved. 
     
     
         5 . The reactor according to  claim 3 , wherein at least two of the cooling panels are rotated relative to one another about an axis that is parallel to a longitudinal extension direction of the rod-shaped sections and perpendicular to the wall of the reactor vessel. 
     
     
         6 . The reactor according to  claim 3 , wherein the cooling panels are configured for the cooling fluid to flow through in a direction perpendicular or parallel to a longitudinal extension direction of the rod-shaped sections. 
     
     
         7 . The reactor according to  claim 3 , wherein the thickness of the cooling panels in at least that section is in a range of 0.5 cm to 10 cm. 
     
     
         8 . The reactor according to  claim 1 , wherein the connection chamber has side walls extending perpendicularly to the wall of the reactor vessel through which the rod-shaped sections run, wherein one or more further cooling panels are arranged on at least one of the side walls. 
     
     
         9 . The reactor according to  claim 1 , wherein the connection chamber has a parallel wall that extends in parallel to the wall of the reactor vessel through which the rod-shaped sections run, wherein the parallel wall is formed at least in one section as a hollow wall and is configured for the cooling fluid or a further cooling fluid to flow through. 
     
     
         10 . The reactor according to  claim 1 , with which the connection chamber is designed without devices for providing forced convection in a gas atmosphere surrounding the cooling panels and the rod-shaped sections. 
     
     
         11 . The reactor according to  claim 1 , with which the connection chamber is gas-tight except for the wall of the reactor vessel forming a wall of the connection chamber. 
     
     
         12 . The reactor according to  claim 1 , wherein copper-containing connecting elements and/or flexible connecting elements, which are fastened with an end that is not connected to the rod-shaped sections to rigid contact elements arranged immovably in the connection chamber are connected in the connection chamber to the rod-shaped sections. 
     
     
         13 . The reactor according to  claim 1 , wherein the rod-shaped sections projecting into the cooling chamber each have a cross-section there that is at least partially not less than 10 square centimeters. 
     
     
         14 . The reactor according to  claim 1 , wherein the reactor is designed as a reactor for steam cracking or as a reactor for steam reforming, for dry reforming, or for catalytic dehydrogenation of alkanes. 
     
     
         15 . A method for carrying out a chemical reaction, comprising:
 providing and using a reactor comprising a reactor vessel and one or more reaction tubes;
 wherein:
 power input elements for electrical heating of the reaction tube(s) are guided into the reactor vessel; 
 the power input elements each have a rod-shaped section that in each case runs through a wall of the reactor vessel at a wall passage 
 a connection chamber into which the rod-shaped sections project is arranged outside the reactor vessel and adjacently to the wall of the reactor vessel through which the rod-shaped sections run at their wall passages, and 
 cooling panels through which a cooling fluid can flow are provided in the connection chamber and are arranged between at least two or between at least two groups of the rod-shaped sections that project into the connection chamber. 
 
   
     
     
         16 . The reactor according to  claim 2 , wherein the cooling panels each extend between boundary surfaces, whose distance defines a thickness of the cooling panels, and along the boundary surfaces, wherein the extension of the cooling panels along the boundary surfaces is more than double, five times, ten times, or twenty times the thickness of the cooling panels. 
     
     
         17 . The reactor according to  claim 1 , wherein the boundary surfaces whose distance defines a thickness of the cooling panels are planar or curved. 
     
     
         18 . The reactor according to  claim 17 , wherein at least two of the cooling panels are rotated relative to one another about an axis that is parallel to a longitudinal extension direction of the rod-shaped sections and perpendicular to the wall of the reactor vessel. 
     
     
         19 . The reactor according to  claim 4 , wherein at least two of the cooling panels are rotated relative to one another about an axis that is parallel to a longitudinal extension direction of the rod-shaped sections and perpendicular to the wall of the reactor vessel.