Surgical visualization systems and displays

Abstract

A medical apparatus is described for providing visualization of a surgical site. The medical apparatus includes an electronic display disposed within a display housing. The medical apparatus includes a display optical system disposed within the display housing, the display optical system comprising a plurality of lens elements disposed along an optical path. The display optical system is configured to receive images from the electronic display. The medical apparatus can include proximal cameras mounted on a frame, the cameras configured to provide a view of a surgical site from outside the surgical site. The display housing can have a height that is larger than its depth.

1 . A medical apparatus comprising:
 a frame configured to be disposed above a surgical site of a patient, said frame configured to be mounted to a bed or to said patient and anchored outside said surgical site of said patient;   one or more cameras mounted to said frame, said one or more cameras configured to image said surgical site;   a surgical microscope camera configured to provide a surgical microscope view of said surgical site, said surgical microscope camera not coupled to a direct view surgical microscope;   a viewing assembly comprising a housing and separate left and right eye portals for left and right eyes of a viewer, said left and right eye portals configured to provide views of at least one display disposed in said housing; and   an image processing system in communication with said one or more cameras, said surgical microscope camera, and said at least one display, said image processing system comprising processing electronics,   wherein said image processing system is configured to:
 receive images acquired by said one or more cameras and said surgical microscope camera, and 
 present output images based on said received images on said at least one display so that said output images are viewable through said separate left and right eye portals. 
   
     
     
         2 . The medical apparatus of  claim 1 , wherein said one or more cameras comprise first and second cameras configured to move relative to said surgical site and to maintain a same horizontal orientation with respect to each other. 
     
     
         3 . The medical apparatus of  claim 1 , further comprising one or more gimbals connecting said one or more cameras to said frame, said one or more gimbals configured to move said one or more cameras relative to said frame. 
     
     
         4 . The medical apparatus of  claim 1 , wherein said one or more cameras are configured to move electronically. 
     
     
         5 . The medical apparatus of  claim 1 , wherein said one or more cameras are configured to move with respect to an x direction, a y direction, or a z direction. 
     
     
         6 . The medical apparatus of  claim 1 , wherein said one or more cameras are configured to move with respect to a pitch or yaw. 
     
     
         7 . The medical apparatus of  claim 1 , wherein said one or more cameras are configured to move with respect to a pitch and/or yaw, and without roll. 
     
     
         8 . The medical apparatus of  claim 1 , wherein said one or more cameras comprise cameras to provide a left-eye view and a right-eye view. 
     
     
         9 . The medical apparatus of  claim 8 , wherein said cameras are configured to provide stereo imaging. 
     
     
         10 . The medical apparatus of  claim 1 , wherein said one or more cameras comprise four cameras mounted to said frame at 3 o'clock, 6 o'clock, 9 o'clock, and 12 o'clock positions. 
     
     
         11 . The medical apparatus of  claim 1 , wherein said frame has a cross-sectional shape comprising a circle, a square, or an L-shape. 
     
     
         12 . The medical apparatus of  claim 1 , wherein said frame is configured to be disposed 10 to 50 mm above said surgical site. 
     
     
         13 . The medical apparatus of  claim 1 , wherein said frame is configured to be disposed 10 to 50 mm above said patient. 
     
     
         14 . The medical apparatus of  claim 1 , wherein said frame is configured to be disposed 50 to 150 mm above said surgical site. 
     
     
         15 . The medical apparatus of  claim 1 , wherein said frame is configured to be disposed 50 to 150 mm above said patient. 
     
     
         16 . The medical apparatus of  claim 1 , wherein said frame is configured to be disposed 100 to 200 mm above said surgical site. 
     
     
         17 . The medical apparatus of  claim 1 , wherein said frame is configured to be disposed 100 to 200 mm above said patient. 
     
     
         18 . The medical apparatus of  claim 1 , wherein said frame is configured to provide a stereotactic planning system. 
     
     
         19 . The medical apparatus of  claim 1 , wherein said frame is configured to be mounted to a gurney. 
     
     
         20 . The medical apparatus of  claim 1 , wherein said frame is configured to be mounted to a bed rail. 
     
     
         21 .- 45 . (canceled)