Tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives

Abstract

Novel tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative compounds are disclosed herein that may be used as an active ingredient for a pharmaceutical composition, and in particular, for a pharmaceutical composition useful for preventing or treating a disease or condition responsive to modulation of the contractility of the skeletal sarcomere. This may be accomplished, for example, by modulation of the troponin complex of the fast skeletal muscle sarcomere through one or more of fast skeletal myosin, actin, tropomyosin, troponin C, troponin I, and troponin T, and fragments and isoforms thereof. The tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative compounds can thus be used as an agent for preventing or treating 1) neuromuscular disorders, 2) disorders of voluntary muscle, 3) CNS disorders in which muscle weakness, atrophy, and fatigue are prominent symptoms, 4) muscle symptoms stemming from systemic disorders, and 5) dysfunctions of pelvic floor and urethral/anal sphincter muscle.

1 . A method for treating cachexia syndrome or muscle wasting caused by heart failure, cancer, chronic kidney disease, or dialysis, comprising administering to a subject an effective amount of a compound of the formula (I) or a salt thereof: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein,
 X 1  is C—R 11  or N; 
 X 2  is C—R 12  or N; 
 R 11  is i) H, ii) halogen, iii) —CN, or iv) —O—C 1-6  alkyl; 
 R 12  is H or halogen; 
 R 1  is i) H, ii) C 1-6  alkyl which may be substituted with one or more substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of halogen(s), and pyrazolyl(s), iii) C 2-6  alkenyl, or iv) —OR 0 ; 
 R 2  is i) C 1-6  alkyl which may be substituted with one or more substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of —OR 0 (s), halogen(s), —COOR 0 (s), —CONR 21 R 22 (s), phenyl(s) which may be substituted with one or more substituent(s) selected from the G 1  group, and heteroaryl(s) which is selected from the group consisting of pyridyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, thienyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, and triazolyl, wherein, the heteroaryl may be substituted with one or more substituent(s) selected from the G 2  group, ii) C 2-6  alkenyl, iii) C 2-6  alkynyl, iv) —OR 0 , v) —NR 23 R 24 , vi) —COOR 0 , or vii) phenyl; 
 R 21  is H or C 1-6  alkyl; 
 R 22  is i) C 1-6  alkyl which may be substituted with one or more phenyl(s), or ii) phenyl; 
 R 23  is i) H, or ii) C 1-6  alkyl which may be substituted with one or more —OH(s); 
 R 24  is i) C 1-6  alkyl which may be substituted with one or more phenyl(s) which may be substituted with one or more halogen(s), ii) C 3-8  cycloalkyl which may be substituted with one or more C 1-6  alkyl(s), iii) phenyl which may be substituted with one or more halogen(s), or iv) tetrahydropyranyl; or 
 R 1 , R 2 , and a carbon atom bounded by R 1  and R 2  may interact to form a 4-piperidine ring or 4-tetrahydropyran ring, and the carbon atom bounded by R 1  and R 2  is a spiro atom and the 4-piperidine ring may be substituted with one or more substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of —SO 2 —(C 1-6  alkyl) and —COOR 0 ; 
 R 3  and R 4  are independently i) C 1-3  alkyl which may be substituted with one or more substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of halogen(s) and —OH(s) or ii) C 2-6  alkenyl which may be substituted with one or more substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of —OH(s) and heteroaryl(s) which is selected from the group consisting of pyrazolyl and thienyl, wherein the heteroaryl may be substituted with one or more C 1-6  alkyl(s), or, 
 R 3 , R 4 , and a carbon atom bounded by R 3  and R 4  may interact to form a 3-oxetane ring and the carbon atom bounded by R 3  and R 4  is a spiro atom; 
 R 5  is i) H, ii) C 1-6  alkyl which may be substituted with one or more —O—(C 1-6  alkyl)(s), iii) —O—C 1-6  alkyl, iv) halogen, v) —COO—(C 1-6  alkyl), or vi) C 3-8  cycloalkyl; 
 R 6  is i) H, ii) C 1-6  alkyl which may be substituted with one or more substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of —O—(C 1-6  alkyl(s) which may be substituted with one or more halogen(s)) and halogen(s), iii) —OH, iv) —O—(C 1-6  alkyl which may be substituted with one or more halogen(s)), v) halogen, vi) —CN, vii) —S—(C 1-6  alkyl), viii) C 3-8  cycloalkyl, ix) —NR 0 R 0 , or x) C 2-6  alkenyl; 
 G 1  group is i) halogen, ii) —COOR 0 , iii) —CONR 0 R 0 , iv) —OH, v) C 1-6  alkyl which may be substituted with one or more substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of —OH(s) and halogen, or vi) —O—(C 1-6  alkyl which may be substituted with one or more substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of —OH(s) and halogen(s)); 
 G 2  group is i) halogen, ii) C 1-6  alkyl which may be substituted with one or more substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of —OH(s) and halogen(s) or iii) —CONR 0 R 0 ; 
 each R 0  is independently H or C 1-6  alkyl, provided that said compound is not methyl 1,1-diallyl-3-oxo-2,4-dihydroisoquinoline-4-carboxylate or a salt thereof. 
 
     
     
         2 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein
 R 1  is i) H, or ii) C 1-6  alkyl;   R 2  is i) C 1-6  alkyl which may be substituted with one or more substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of —OR 0 (s), halogen(s), —CONR 21 R 22 (s), phenyl(s) which may be substituted with one or more substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of halogen(s) and —COOR 0 (s), and heteroaryl(s) which is selected from the group consisting of pyrazolyl, and triazolyl, ii) C 2-6  alkenyl, iii) C 2-6  alkynyl, iv) —NR 23 R 24 , or v) —COOR 0 ;   R 21  is C 1-6  alkyl;   R 22  is C 1-6  alkyl;   R 23  is C 1-6  alkyl; and   R 24  is i) C 3-8  cycloalkyl, or ii) phenyl; or   R 1 , R 2 , and a carbon atom bounded by R 1  and R 2  may interact to form a 4-tetrahydropyran ring, and the carbon atom bounded by R 1  and R 2  is a spiro atom.   
     
     
         3 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein
 R 3  and R 4  are the same or different each other, i) C 1-3  alkyl which may be substituted with one or more substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of halogen(s) and —OH(s) or ii) C 2-6  alkenyl which may be substituted with one or more substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of —OH(s) and pyrazolyl(s) which may be substituted with one or more C 1-6  alkyl(s), or,   R 3 , R 4 , and a carbon atom bounded by R 3  and R 4  may interact to form a 3-oxetane ring and the carbon atom bounded by R 3  and R 4  is a spiro atom.   
     
     
         4 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein
 R 5  is i) H, ii) C 1-6  alkyl, iii) —O—C 1-6  alkyl, iv) halogen, or v) C 3-8  cycloalkyl; and   R 6  is i) H, ii) C 1-6  alkyl which may be substituted with one or more substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of —O—(C 1-6  alkyl)(s) and halogen(s), iii) —OH, iv) —O—(C 1-6  alkyl which may be substituted with one or more halogen(s)), v) halogen, vi) —CN, vii) —S—C 1-6  alkyl, viii) —NR 0 R 0 , or ix) C 2-6  alkenyl.   
     
     
         5 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein
 X 1  is C—R 11  or N;   X 2  is C—R 12  or N;   R 11  is i) H, ii) halogen, iii) —CN, or iv) —O—C 1-6  alkyl; and   R 12  is H.   
     
     
         6 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein
 R 1  is C 1-6  alkyl;   R 2  is C 1-6  alkyl which may be substituted with a —OR 0 ;   R 3 , R 4 , and a carbon atom bounded by R 3  and R 4  interact to form a 3-oxetane ring and the carbon atom bounded by R 3  and R 4  is a spiro atom as represented by formula (II) below:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         R 5  is H; and 
         R 6  is i) C 1-6  alkyl, ii) —O—C 1-6  alkyl which is substituted with one to three halogen(s), iii) halogen, or iv) —CN. 
       
     
     
         7 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein
 X 1  is C—R 11 ;   X 2  is C—R 12 ;   R 11  is i) H, ii) halogen, iii) —CN, or iv) —O—C 1-6  alkyl; and   R 12  is H.   
     
     
         8 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of:
 (−)-2-(difluoromethyl)-8-ethyl-8-(2-hydroxyethyl)-6H-spiro[1,6-naphthyridine-5,3′-oxetan]-7(8H)-one,   4,4-diethyl-1,1-dimethyl-3-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-6-carbonitrile,   8,8-diethyl-5,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,6-naphthyridine-2-carbonitrile,   (−)-6-bromo-4-ethyl-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,1-dimethyl-1,4-dihydroisoquinolin-3(2H)-one,   (+)-6-bromo-4-ethyl-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,1-dimethyl-1,4-dihydroisoquinolin-3(2H)-one,   8,8-diethyl-7-oxo-7,8-dihydro-6H-spiro[1,6-naphthyridine-5,3′-oxetane]-2-carbonitrile,   8′,8′-diethyl-7′-oxo-7′,8′-dihydro-6′H-spiro[oxetane-3,5′-pyrido[3,4-b]pyrazine]-2′-carbonitrile,   4,4-diethyl-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-spiro[isoquinoline-1,3′-oxetane]-6-carbonitrile,   6-chloro-4,4-dimethyl-2H-spiro[isoquinoline-1,3′-oxetan]-3(4H)-one,   4,4-dimethyl-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-spiro[isoquinoline-1,3′-oxetane]-6-carbonitrile,   2-(difluoromethoxy)-8,8-dimethyl-6H-spiro[1,6-naphthyridine-5,3′-oxetan]-7(8H)-one,   (+)-6-chloro-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-2H-spiro[isoquinoline-1,3′-oxetan]-3(4H)-one,   (−)-6-chloro-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-2H-spiro[isoquinoline-1,3′-oxetan]-3(4H)-one, and   (−)-2-(difluoromethoxy)-8-ethyl-8-(2-hydroxyethyl)-6H-spiro[1,6-naphthyridine-5,3′-oxetan]-7(8H)-one,   or a salt of said compound.   
     
     
         9 . A The method of  claim 1 , wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of:
 4,4-diethyl-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-spiro[isoquinoline-1,3′-oxetane]-6-carbonitrile,   6-chloro-4,4-dimethyl-2H-spiro[isoquinoline-1,3′-oxetan]-3(4H)-one,   4,4-dimethyl-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-spiro[isoquinoline-1,3′-oxetane]-6-carbonitrile,   (+)-6-chloro-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-2H-spiro[isoquinoline-1,3′-oxetan]-3(4H)-one, and   (−)-6-chloro-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-2H-spiro[isoquinoline-1,3′-oxetan]-3(4H)-one,   or a salt of said compound.   
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the compound is 4,4-diethyl-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-spiro[isoquinoline-1,3′-oxetane]-6-carbonitrile,
 or a salt thereof. 
 
     
     
         11 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the compound is 6-chloro-4,4-dimethyl-2H-spiro[isoquinoline-1,3′-oxetan]-3(4H)-one,
 or a salt thereof. 
 
     
     
         12 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the compound is 4,4-dimethyl-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-spiro[isoquinoline-1,3′-oxetane]-6-carbonitrile,
 or a salt thereof. 
 
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the compound is (+)-6-chloro-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-2H-spiro[isoquinoline-1,3′-oxetan]-3(4H)-one,
 or a salt thereof. 
 
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the compound is (−)-6-chloro-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-2H-spiro[isoquinoline-1,3′-oxetan]-3(4H)-one,
 or a salt thereof. 
 
     
     
         15 - 50 . (canceled) 
     
     
         51 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the method treats cachexia syndrome. 
     
     
         52 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the method treats muscle wasting caused by heart failure, cancer, chronic kidney disease, or dialysis.