Sweeping optical scanner of an apparatus for cutting-out a human or animal tissue

Abstract

The present invention relates to an apparatus for cutting-out including a device for treating a L.A.S.E.R. beam generated by a femtosecond laser ( 1 ), and positioned downstream from said femtosecond laser, the treatment device comprising: a shaping system ( 3 ) positioned on the trajectory of said beam, for modulating the phase of the wave front of the L.A.S.E.R. beam according to a modulation set value calculated for distributing the energy of the L.A.S.E.R. beam in at least two impact points forming a pattern in its focal plane, an optical focusing system ( 5 ) downstream from the shaping system, the optical focusing system comprising a concentrator module for focusing the phase-modulated L.A.S.E.R. beam in a focusing plane and a depth-positioning module for displacing the focusing plane into a plurality of cutting-out planes, a sweeping optical scanner ( 4 ) positioned between the concentrator module and the depth-positioning module for displacing the pattern in the cutting-out plane in a plurality of positions.

1 . An apparatus configured to cut a human or animal tissue, said apparatus including a femtosecond laser capable of emitting a laser beam in the form of pulses and a treatment device for treating the laser beam generated by the femtosecond laser, the treatment device being positioned downstream from said femtosecond laser,
 wherein the treatment device comprises:
 a shaping system positioned on the trajectory of said beam, the shaping system including a spatial light modulator programmed using at least one phase mask to modulate the phase of the wavefront of the laser beam so as to obtain a modulated laser beam, 
 a sweeping optical scanner downstream from the shaping system, 
 an optical focusing system downstream from the sweeping optical scanner, the optical focusing system comprising a concentrator module for focusing the phase-modulated laser beam in a focal plane and a depth-positioning module for displacing the focal plane into a plurality of cutting planes. 
   
     
     
         2 . The apparatus according to  claim 1 , wherein the modulated laser beam focuses onto at least two impact points forming a pattern in the focal plane, and wherein the treatment device further comprises a control unit of the sweeping optical scanner configured to control the displacement of the pattern along a displacement path comprising at least one segment in the focal plane. 
     
     
         3 . The apparatus according to  claim 2 , wherein the control unit is configured to control the activation of the femtosecond laser such that a distance between two adjacent positions of the pattern along a segment of the displacement path is greater than or equal to the diameter of an impact point of the pattern. 
     
     
         4 . The apparatus according to  claim 2 , wherein the control unit is configured to control the displacement of the pattern along a displacement path comprising a plurality of segments, the distance between two adjacent segments of the displacement path being greater than the dimension of the pattern along an axis perpendicular to the plurality of segments. 
     
     
         5 . The apparatus according to  claim 2 , wherein the control unit is configured to control the displacement of the pattern along a displacement path comprising a plurality of parallel segments, the distance between two neighboring segments of the displacement path being constant and less than or equal to 3N times the diameter of an impact point, where N corresponds to the number of impact points of the pattern. 
     
     
         6 . The apparatus according to  claim 2 , wherein the control unit is configured to control the displacement of the pattern along a displacement path comprising a plurality of parallel segments, the distance between at least two neighboring segments being different from the distance between at least two other neighboring segments. 
     
     
         7 . The apparatus according to  claim 2 , wherein the control unit is configured to control the displacement of the pattern along a notch-shaped displacement path in the focal plane. 
     
     
         8 . The apparatus according to  claim 2 , wherein the control unit is configured to control the displacement of the pattern along a spiral-shaped displacement path in the focal plane. 
     
     
         9 . The apparatus according to  claim 2 , wherein the sweeping optical scanner includes at least one optical mirror pivoting around at least two axes, and wherein the control unit is configured to control the pivoting of the mirror so as to displace the pattern along the displacement path. 
     
     
         10 . The apparatus according to  claim 1 , which further comprises at least one Dove prism positioned between the shaping system and the sweeping optical scanner. 
     
     
         11 . The apparatus according to  claim 2 , wherein the control unit is configured to control the activation of the femtosecond laser, wherein the control unit activates the femtosecond laser when a sweeping rate of the sweeping optical scanner is greater than a threshold value. 
     
     
         12 . The apparatus according to  claim 1 , which also comprises a filter arranged downstream from the shaping system to block parasite energy generated at the center of the shaping system. 
     
     
         13 . The apparatus according to  claim 12 , wherein the filter comprises a plate including:
 an opaque zone which blocks laser radiation, wherein said opaque zone is arranged at the center of the plate, and   a transparent zone which does not block laser radiation wherein said transparent zone is located at the periphery of the opaque zone.   
     
     
         14 - 16 . (canceled) 
     
     
         17 . The apparatus according to  claim 1 , wherein the at least one phase mask is calculated using an iterative algorithm based on the Fourier transform. 
     
     
         18 . The apparatus according to  claim 1 , wherein each phase mask is a two-dimensional image, each point of which is associated with a respective pixel of the spatial light modulator, wherein said two-dimensional image determines the final energy distribution of the modulated laser beam in the focal plane. 
     
     
         19 . The apparatus according to  claim 1 , wherein said at least one phase mask is calculated to obtain a single modulated laser beam, and to distribute the energy of the single modulated laser beam onto at least two impact points within the focal plane. 
     
     
         20 . The apparatus according to  claim 1 , wherein said at least one phase mask is calculated to modify the geometric shape of an impact point of the modulated laser beam in the focal plane.