Nutritional formula

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a nutritional formula comprising alpha-lactalbumin enriched whey protein concentrate; beta-casein enriched milk protein; mildly hydrolyzed milk protein; osteopontin; lactoferrin; oleic acid-palmitic acid-oleic acid triglyceride, wherein palmitic acid is at the SN-2 position of the glycerol backbone of the triglyceride; lactose, wherein the lactose is reduced lactose; lutein; docosahexanoic acid; arachidonic acid; galactooligosaccharides; and polydextrose. The provided nutritional formulas may be useful in providing nutrition and/ or promoting postnatal development of a subject (e.g., promoting postnatal development of an infant’s gastrointestinal functions, nutrient absorption, immune system development, etc.). Also provided are powder forms, reconstituted formulas, kits, methods, and uses that include or involve a nutritional formula described herein.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A nutritional formula comprising:
 a) alpha-lactalbumin enriched whey protein concentrate;   b) lactoferrin;   c) oleic acid-palmitic acid-oleic acid triglyceride, wherein palmitic acid is at the SN-2 position of the glycerol backbone of the triglyceride;   d) lactose, wherein the lactose is reduced lactose;   e) lutein;   f) docosahexanoic acid;   g) arachidonic acid;   h) galactooligosaccharides;   i) polydextrose; and   j) oseteopontin.   
     
     
         2 . A nutritional formula comprising:
 a) alpha-lactalbumin enriched whey protein concentrate;   b) beta-casein enriched milk protein;   c) mildly hydrolyzed milk protein;   d) lactoferrin;   e) oleic acid-palmitic acid-oleic acid triglyceride, wherein palmitic acid is at the SN-2 position of the glycerol backbone of the triglyceride;   f) lactose, wherein the lactose is reduced lactose;   g) lutein;   h) docosahexanoic acid;   i) arachidonic acid;   j) galactooligosaccharides; and   k) polydextrose.   
     
     
         3 . The nutritional formula of  claims 1-2  further comprising linoleic acid. 
     
     
         4 . The nutritional formula of any one of  claims 1-3  further comprising alpha-linolenic acid. 
     
     
         5 . The nutritional formula of any one of  claims 1-4  further comprising vitamins, minerals, nucleotides, or combinations thereof. 
     
     
         6 . The nutritional formula of any one of  claims 1-5  further comprising: L-choline bitartrate or L-carnitine, or combinations thereof. 
     
     
         7 . The nutritional formula of any one of  claims 1-6  further comprising soya lecithin. 
     
     
         8 . The nutritional formula of any one of  claims 1-7  further comprising beta-carotene, taurine, or combinations thereof. 
     
     
         9 . The nutritional formula of any one of  claims 1-8 , wherein the vitamins comprise Vitamin C, Vitamin E, inositol, Vitamin A, niacin, Vitamin D3, pantothenic acid, Vitamin K1, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B6, folic acid, biotin, Vitamin B12, or combinations thereof. 
     
     
         10 . The nutritional formula of any one of  claims 1-9 , wherein the minerals comprise calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, potassium chloride, sodium citrate, magnesium phosphate, sodium selenite, iron (II) sulfate, zinc sulfate monohydrate, copper sulfate, manganese (II) sulfate monohydrate, or combinations thereof. 
     
     
         11 . The nutritional formula of any one of  claims 1-10 , wherein the nucleotides comprise adenosine 5′-monophosphate, cytidine 5′-monophosphate, guanosine 5′-monophosphate, uridine 5′-monophosphate, or combinations thereof. 
     
     
         12 . The nutritional formula of any one of  claims 1-11 , wherein the nucleotides comprise adenosine 5′-monophosphate, cytidine 5′-monophosphate, guanosine 5′-monophosphate, and uridine 5′-monophosphate. 
     
     
         13 . The nutritional formula of any one of  claims 1-12 , wherein the nutritional formula comprises approximately 0.5 grams to approximately 3.0 grams of alpha-lactalbumin enriched whey protein concentrate per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula. 
     
     
         14 . The nutritional formula of any one of  claims 1-13 , wherein the nutritional formula comprises approximately 0.05 grams to approximately 1.0 grams of lactoferrin per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula. 
     
     
         15 . The nutritional formula of  claim 14 , wherein the nutritional formula comprises approximately 0.05 grams to approximately 0.2 grams of lactoferrin per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula. 
     
     
         16 . The nutritional formula of any one of  claims 1-15 , wherein the nutritional formula comprises approximately 0.25 grams to approximately 1.5 grams of the oleic acid-palmitic acid-oleic acid triglyceride per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula, wherein the palmitic acid is at the SN-2 position of a glycerol backbone of the triglyceride. 
     
     
         17 . The nutritional formula of  claim 16 , wherein the nutritional formula comprises approximately 0.3 grams to approximately 0.6 grams of the oleic acid-palmitic acid-oleic acid triglyceride per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula. 
     
     
         18 . The nutritional formula of any one of  claims 1-17 , wherein the nutritional formula comprises approximately 0.0025 grams to approximately 0.05 grams of lutein per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula. 
     
     
         19 . The nutritional formula of  claim 18 , wherein the nutritional formula comprises approximately 0.015 grams to approximately 0.025 grams of lutein per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula. 
     
     
         20 . The nutritional formula of any one of  claims 1-19 , wherein the nutritional formula comprises approximately 0.01 grams to approximately 0.1 grams of docosahexanoic acid per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula. 
     
     
         21 . The nutritional formula of any one of  claims 1-20 , wherein the nutritional formula comprises approximately 0.2 grams to approximately 1.5 grams of a combination of docosahexanoic acid and arachidonic acid per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula. 
     
     
         22 . The nutritional formula of  claim 21 , wherein the nutritional formula comprises approximately 0.1 grams to approximately 1.0 grams of arachidonic acid per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula. 
     
     
         23 . The nutritional formula of  claim 21 , wherein the nutritional formula comprises approximately 0.05 grams to approximately 0.09 grams of docosahexanoic acid per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula. 
     
     
         24 . The nutritional formula of any one of  claims 1-21 , wherein the docosahexanoic acid is from Crypthecodinium cohnii oil or fish oil. 
     
     
         25 . The nutritional formula of any one of  claims 1-22 , wherein the arachidonic acid is from Mortierella alpina oil. 
     
     
         26 . The nutritional formula of any one of  claims 1-25 , wherein the oleic acid-palmitic acid-oleic acid triglyceride is from high oleic sunflower oil or palm oil. 
     
     
         27 . The nutritional formula of any one of  claims 1-26 , wherein the nutritional formula comprises approximately 0.05 grams to approximately 0.9 grams of galactooligosaccharides per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula. 
     
     
         28 . The nutritional formula of any one of  claims 1-26 , wherein the nutritional formula comprises approximately 0.0025 grams to approximately 0.25 grams of polydextrose per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula. 
     
     
         29 . A method of providing nutrition to a subject, wherein the method comprises administering the nutritional formula of any one of  claims 1-28  to the subject. 
     
     
         30 . The nutritional formula of any one of  claims 1 and 3-29 , wherein the nutritional formula comprises approximately 2.5 grams to approximately 3.0 grams of alpha-lactalbumin enriched whey protein concentrate per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula. 
     
     
         31 . The nutritional formula of any one of  claims 1 and 3-30 , wherein the nutritional formula comprises approximately 3.25 grams to approximately 3.75 grams of alpha-lactalbumin per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula. 
     
     
         32 . The nutritional formula of any one of  claims 1 and 3-31 , wherein the nutritional formula comprises approximately 35 grams to approximately 45 grams of lactose per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula. 
     
     
         33 . The nutritional formula of any one of  claims 1 and 3-32 , wherein the nutritional formula comprises approximately 0.1 grams to approximately 1.0 grams of arachidonic acid per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula. 
     
     
         34 . The nutritional formula of any one of  claims 1 and 3-33 , wherein the nutritional formula comprises approximately 5.5 grams to approximately 6.0 grams of linoleic acid per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula. 
     
     
         35 . The nutritional formula of any one of  claims 1 and 3-34 , wherein the nutritional formula comprises approximately 0.50 grams to approximately 0.75 grams of alpha-linolenic acid per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula. 
     
     
         36 . The nutritional formula of any one of  claims 1 and 3-35 , wherein the nutritional formula comprises approximately 0.4 grams to approximately 0.8 grams of prebiotics per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula, wherein the prebiotics comprise galactooligosaccharides or polydextrose, or combinations thereof. 
     
     
         37 . The nutritional formula of any one of  claims 1 and 3-36 , wherein the nutritional formula comprises approximately 0.8 grams to approximately 1.0 grams of prebiotics per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula, wherein the prebiotics comprise galactooligosaccharides, fructooligosaccharides, or polydextrose, or combinations thereof. 
     
     
         38 . The nutritional formula of  claim 37 , wherein the nutritional formula comprises approximately 0.1 grams to approximately 0.5 grams of galactooligosaccharides per 1 of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula. 
     
     
         39 . The nutritional formula of  claim 37 , wherein the nutritional formula comprises approximately 0.1 grams to approximately 0.5 grams of polydextrose per 1 of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula. 
     
     
         40 . The nutritional formula of any one of  claims 2-29  further comprising maltodextrin. 
     
     
         41 . The nutritional formula of any one of  claims 2-29 , wherein the nutritional formula comprises approximately 0.5 grams to approximately 3.0 grams of beta-casein enriched milk protein per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula. 
     
     
         42 . The nutritional formula of any one of  claims 2-29 , wherein the nutritional formula comprises approximately 10 grams to approximately 40 grams of mildly hydrolyzed milk protein per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula. 
     
     
         43 . The nutritional formula of  claim 2-12 , wherein the nutritional formula comprises approximately 0.5 grams to approximately 1.5 grams of alpha-lactalbumin enriched whey protein concentrate per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula. 
     
     
         44 . The nutritional formula of  claim 43 , wherein the nutritional formula comprises approximately 0.5 grams to approximately 1.5 grams of beta-casein enriched milk protein per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula. 
     
     
         45 . The nutritional formula of  claim 44 , wherein the nutritional formula comprises approximately 10 grams to approximately 30 grams of mildly hydrolyzed milk protein per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula. 
     
     
         46 . The nutritional formula of any one of  claims 2-29 and 40-45 , wherein the nutritional formula comprises approximately 0.5 grams to approximately 3.0 grams of lactose per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula. 
     
     
         47 . The nutritional formula of  claim 2-29 and 40-45 , wherein the nutritional formula comprises approximately 1.0 grams to approximately 2.0 grams of lactose per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula. 
     
     
         48 . The nutritional formula of any one of  claims 2-29 and 40-47 , wherein the nutritional formula comprises approximately 0.25 grams to approximately 1.5 grams of a combination of docosahexanoic acid and arachidonic acid per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula. 
     
     
         49 . The nutritional formula of any one of  claims 2-29 and 48 , wherein the nutritional formula comprises approximately 0.5 grams to approximately 1.0 grams of arachidonic acid per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula. 
     
     
         50 . The nutritional formula of any one of  claims 2-29 and 40-49 , wherein the nutritional formula comprises approximately 0.25 grams to approximately 0.75 grams of linoleic acid per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula. 
     
     
         51 . The nutritional formula of  claim 2-29 and 40-50 , wherein the nutritional formula comprises approximately 0.025 grams to approximately 0.1 grams of alpha-linolenic acid per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula. 
     
     
         52 . The nutritional formula of any one of  claims 2-29 and 40-51 , wherein the nutritional formula comprises approximately 0.8 grams to approximately 1.0 grams of prebiotics per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula, wherein the prebiotics comprise galactooligosaccharides or polydextrose, or combinations thereof. 
     
     
         53 . The nutritional formula of  claim 52 , wherein the nutritional formula comprises approximately 0.5 grams to approximately 0.9 grams of galactooligosaccharides per 1 of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula. 
     
     
         54 . The nutritional formula of  claim 52 , wherein the nutritional formula comprises approximately 0.05 grams to approximately 0.085 grams of polydextrose per 1 of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula. 
     
     
         55 . A nutritional formula comprising:
 a) alpha-lactalbumin enriched whey protein concentrate;   b) lactoferrin;   c) oleic acid-palmitic acid-oleic acid triglyceride, wherein palmitic acid is at the SN-2 position of the glycerol backbone of the triglyceride;   d) lactose, wherein the lactose is reduced lactose;   e) lutein;   f) docosahexanoic acid;   g) arachidonic acid;   h) galactooligosaccharides;   i) polydextrose;   j) osteopontin; and a powder form thereof.   
     
     
         56 . A nutritional formula comprising:
 a) alpha-lactalbumin enriched whey protein concentrate;   b) beta-casein enriched milk protein;   c) mildly hydrolyzed milk protein;   d) lactoferrin;   e) oleic acid-palmitic acid-oleic acid triglyceride, wherein palmitic acid is at the SN-2 position of the glycerol backbone of the triglyceride;   f) lactose, wherein the lactose is reduced lactose;   g) lutein;   h) docosahexanoic acid;   i) arachidonic acid;   j) galactooligosaccharides; and   k) polydextrose; and a powder form thereof.   
     
     
         57 . The nutritional formula of any one of  claims 1-56  further comprising demineralized whey. 
     
     
         58 . The nutritional formula of any one of  claims 1-57 , wherein the docosahexanoic acid and arachidonic acid, or combinations thereof, are microencapsulated. 
     
     
         59 . The nutritional formula of any one of  claims 1-57 , wherein the docosahexanoic acid and arachidonic acid are microencapsulated. 
     
     
         60 . The nutritional formula of any one of  claims 1-59 , wherein the oleic acid-palmitic acid-oleic acid triglyceride is vegetable-derived. 
     
     
         61 . The nutritional formula of any one of  claims 1-60  further comprising skimmed milk powder. 
     
     
         62 . The nutritional formula of any one of  claims 1-61  further comprising: one or more human milk oligosaccharides selected from the group consisting of: sialyllacto-N-tetraose, lactodifucotetraose, 3′-sialyllactose, 6′-sialyllactose, 3-fucosyllactose, 2′-fucosyllactose, lacto-N-(neo)tetraose, and lacto-N-fucopentaose. 
     
     
         63 . The nutritional formula of any one of  claims 1-62  further comprising inulin. 
     
     
         64 . The nutritional formula of any one of  claims 1-63  comprising the following weight ranges, in grams per liter (g/L) of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula:
 a) approximately 2.5 grams to approximately 3.0 grams of alpha-lactalbumin enriched whey protein concentrate per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; 
 b) demineralized whey; 
 c) approximately 16.5 grams to approximately 17.0 grams of skimmed milk powder per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; 
 d) approximately 0.05 grams to approximately 0.10 grams of lactoferrin per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; 
 e) approximately 5 grams to approximately 40 grams of the oleic acid-palmitic acid-oleic acid triglyceride per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula, wherein the triglyceride is vegetable-derived; 
 f) approximately 40 grams to approximately 50 grams of lactose per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; 
 g) approximately 0.020 grams to approximately 0.025 grams of lutein per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; 
 h) approximately 0.05 grams to approximately 0.09 grams of docosahexanoic acid per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; 
 i) approximately 0.1 grams to approximately 1.0 grams of arachidonic acid per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; 
 j) approximately 5 grams to approximately 6 grams linoleic acid per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; 
 k) approximately 0.5 grams to approximately 0.6 grams alpha-linolenic acid per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; 
 1) approximately 0.20 grams to approximately 0.40 grams of galactooligosaccharides per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; 
 m) approximately 0.20 grams to approximately 0.40 grams of polydextrose per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; 
 n) approximately 0.1 grams to approximately 0.15 grams of Vitamin C, approximately 0.01 grams to approximately 0.05 grams of Vitamin E per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; approximately 0.01 grams to approximately 0.05 grams of inositol per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; approximately 0.005 grams to approximately 0.01 grams of Vitamin A per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula, approximately 0.005 grams to approximately 0.009 grams of niacin per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; approximately 0.00025 grams to approximately 0.006 grams of Vitamin D3 per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; approximately 0.001 grams to approximately 0.005 grams of pantothenic acid per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; approximately 0.0005 grams to approximately 0.0015 grams of Vitamin K1 per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; approximately 0.0005 grams to approximately 0.0015 grams of Vitamin B1 per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; approximately 0.00003 grams to approximately 0.00006 grams of Vitamin B2 per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; approximately 0.0005 grams to approximately 0.0008 grams of Vitamin B6 per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; approximately 0.001 grams to approximately 0.002 grams of folic acid per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; approximately 0.003 grams to approximately 0.004 grams of biotin per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; and approximately 0.002 grams to approximately 0.004 grams of Vitamin B12 per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; 
 o) approximately 0.3 grams to approximately 0.7 grams of dicalcium phosphate per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; approximately 0.25 grams to approximately 0.5 grams of calcium carbonate per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; approximately 0.3 grams to approximately 0.5 grams of potassium chloride per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; approximately 0.3 grams to approximately 0.5 grams of sodium citrate per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; approximately 0.00003 grams to approximately 0.00005 grams of dimagnesium phosphate per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; approximately 0.000025 grams to approximately 0.00005 grams of sodium selenite per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; approximately 0.02 grams to approximately 0.05 grams of iron (II) sulfate per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; approximately 0.01 grams to approximately 0.03 grams of zinc sulfate per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; approximately 0.002 grams to approximately 0.004 grams of copper sulfate per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; and approximately 0.000001 grams to approximately 0.000003 grams of manganese (II) sulfate per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; 
 p) approximately 0.005 grams to approximately 0.01 grams of adenosine 5′-monophosphate per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; approximately 0.01 grams to approximately 0.03 grams of cytidine 5′-monophosphate per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; approximately 0.001 grams to approximately 0.005 grams of guanosine 5′-monophosphate per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; and approximately 0.01 grams to approximately 0.03 grams of uridine 5′-monophosphate per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; 
 q) approximately 0.3 grams to approximately 0.5 grams of L-choline bitartrate per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; approximately 0.01 grams to approximately 0.03 grams of L-carnitine per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; 
 r) approximately 0.0003 grams to approximately 0.0005 grams of beta-carotene per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; approximately 0.03 grams to approximately 0.07 grams of taurine per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; 
 s) approximately 0.3 grams to approximately 0.5 grams of soya lecithin per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; and 
 t) approximately 0.15 grams to approximately 0.20 grams of osteopontin per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula. 
 
     
     
         65 . The nutritional formula of any one of  claims 1-49  comprising the following weight ranges, in grams per liter (g/L) of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula:
 a) approximately 1.0 grams to approximately 1.5 grams of alpha-lactalbumin enriched whey protein concentrate per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; 
 b) approximately 1.0 grams to approximately 1.5 grams of beta-casein enriched milk protein per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; 
 c) demineralized whey; 
 d) approximately 25 grams to approximately 30 grams of mildly hydrolyzed milk protein per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; 
 e) approximately 0.1 grams to approximately 0.2 grams of lactoferrin per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; 
 f) approximately 0.35 grams to approximately 0.5 grams of the oleic acid-palmitic acid-oleic acid triglyceride per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula, wherein the triglyceride is vegetable-derived; 
 g) approximately 1.5 grams to approximately 2.0 grams of lactose per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; 
 h) approximately 0.020 grams to approximately 0.025 grams of lutein per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; 
 i) approximately 0.05 grams to approximately 0.09 grams of docosahexanoic acid per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; 
 j) approximately 0.5 grams to approximately 1.0 grams of arachidonic acid per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; 
 k) approximately 0.3 grams to approximately 0.5 grams linoleic acid per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; 
 1) approximately 0.025 grams to approximately 0.06 grams alpha-linolenic acid per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; 
 m) approximately 0.75 grams to approximately 0.8 grams of galactooligosaccharides per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; 
 n) approximately 0.06 grams to approximately 0.085 grams of polydextrose per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; 
 o) approximately 0.6 grams to approximately 0.015 grams of Vitamin C, approximately 0.01 grams to approximately 0.05 grams of Vitamin E per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; a) approximately 0.01 grams to approximately 0.05 grams of inositol per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; approximately 0.005 grams to approximately 0.01 grams of Vitamin A per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula, approximately 0.005 grams to approximately 0.009 grams of niacin per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; approximately 0.00025 grams to approximately 0.006 grams of Vitamin D3 per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; approximately 0.001 grams to approximately 0.005 grams of pantothenic acid per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; approximately 0.0005 grams to approximately 0.0015 grams of Vitamin K1 per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; approximately 0.0001 grams to approximately 0.0002 grams of Vitamin B1 per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; approximately 0.0005 grams to approximately 0.0009 grams of Vitamin B2 per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; approximately 0.0005 grams to approximately 0.0008 grams of Vitamin B6 per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; approximately 0.0001 grams to approximately 0.0002 grams of folic acid per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; approximately 0.00003 grams to approximately 0.00004 grams of biotin per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; and approximately 0.000002 grams to approximately 0.000004 grams of Vitamin B12 per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; 
 p) approximately 0.3 grams to approximately 0.7 grams of calcium phosphate per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; approximately 0.25 grams to approximately 0.5 grams of calcium carbonate per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; approximately 0.3 grams to approximately 0.5 grams of potassium chloride per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; approximately 0.05 grams to approximately 0.1 grams of sodium citrate per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; approximately 0.00003 grams to approximately 0.00005 grams of magnesium phosphate per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; approximately 0.000025 grams to approximately 0.00005 grams of sodium selenite per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; approximately 0.02 grams to approximately 0.05 grams of iron (II) sulfate per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; approximately 0.01 grams to approximately 0.03 grams of zinc sulfate monohydrate per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; approximately 0.002 grams to approximately 0.004 grams of copper sulfate per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; and approximately 0.000001 grams to approximately 0.000003 grams of manganese (II) sulfate monohydrate per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; 
 q) approximately 0.005 grams to approximately 0.01 grams of adenosine 5′-monophosphate per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; approximately 0.01 grams to approximately 0.03 grams of cytidine 5′-monophosphate per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; approximately 0.001 grams to approximately 0.005 grams of guanosine 5′-monophosphate per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; and approximately 0.01 grams to approximately 0.03 grams of uridine 5′-monophosphate per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; 
 r) approximately 0.3 grams to approximately 0.5 grams of L-choline bitartrate per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; approximately 0.01 grams to approximately 0.03 grams of L-carnitine per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; 
 s) approximately 0.0003 grams to approximately 0.0005 grams of beta-carotene per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; approximately 0.03 grams to approximately 0.07 grams of taurine per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; 
 t) approximately 0.3 grams to approximately 0.5 grams of soya lecithin per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula; and 
 u) approximately 56.0 grams to approximately 58.0 grams of maltodextrin per L of reconstituted, ready-to-use nutritional formula. 
 
     
     
         66 . A method of providing nutrition to a subject, wherein the method comprises: feeding the subject with the nutritional formula of any one of  claims 1-65 . 
     
     
         67 . A method of providing nutrition to a subject, wherein the method comprises: reconstituting the formula of  claim 55  with water to form a ready-to-feed liquid. 
     
     
         68 . A method of providing nutrition to a subject, wherein the method comprises: reconstituting the formula of  claim 56  with water to form a ready-to-feed liquid. 
     
     
         69 . The method of any one of  claims 1-68 , further comprising feeding the subject with the reconstituted formula. 
     
     
         70 . The method of any one of  claims 67-69 , further comprising feeding the subject with approximately 0.1 L - 0.25 L of the reconstituted formula per feeding. 
     
     
         71 . The method of any one of  claims 67-70 , further comprising feeding the subject with 0.5 L - 1.0 L of the reconstituted formula per day. 
     
     
         72 . The method of any one of  claims 67-71 , further comprising feeding the subject for four to six feedings per day. 
     
     
         73 . A kit comprising:
 i. one or more packages of the powder nutritional formula of  claim 43 ,   and ii. instructions for feeding the powder nutritional formula to a subject.   
     
     
         74 . The kit of  claim 74 , further comprising a dehydrated form of the nutritional formula of any one of  claims 1-65  and a diluting agent.