Integrated Optical Fiber and Epsilon-Near-Zero Material

Abstract

The present disclosure provides an optical waveguide design of a fiber modified with a thin layer of epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) material. The design results in an excitation of a highly confined waveguide mode in the fiber near the wavelength where permittivity of thin layer approaches zero. Due to the high field confinement within thin layer, the ENZ mode can be characterized by a peak in modal loss of the hybrid waveguide. Results show that such in-fiber excitation of ENZ mode is due to the coupling of the guided fundamental core mode to the thin-film ENZ mode. The phase matching wavelength, where the coupling takes place, varies depending on the refractive index of the constituents. These ENZ nanostructured optical fibers have many potential applications, for example, in ENZ nonlinear and magneto-optics, as in-fiber wavelength-dependent filters, and as subwavelength fluid channel for optical and bio-photonic sensing.

1 . An optical fiber, comprising:
 a longitudinal core layer of dielectric material;   a longitudinal cladding layer surrounding at least a portion of the core; and   a longitudinal layer of ENZ material formed parallel to the core,   wherein the ENZ layer is configured to change a rotational angle of incoming light with an applied magnetic field.   
     
     
         2 . The optical fiber of  claim 1 , wherein the core comprises a hollow channel having a subwavelength cross sectional dimension and the ENZ layer is formed in the hollow channel. 
     
     
         3 . The optical fiber of  claim 2 , wherein the ENZ layer is formed of ENZ particles. 
     
     
         4 . The optical fiber of  claim 2 , wherein a fluid is supplied to hollow channel and configured to change the ENZ layer performance. 
     
     
         5 . The optical fiber of  claim 1 , wherein the ENZ layer is formed in operational proximity to the core and configured to affect a light passing through the core. 
     
     
         6 . The optical fiber of  claim 5 , wherein the ENZ layer is formed external to the core on a planar surface of the cladding layer. 
     
     
         7 . The optical fiber of  claim 1 , wherein the ENZ layer comprises at least one of a transparent conducting oxide or a transition metal nitride formed on a planar surface of the cladding layer external to the core and parallel to the core. 
     
     
         8 . The optical fiber of  claim 1 , further comprising a dielectric layer coupled to the ENZ layer, and a metal layer coupled to the dielectric layer. 
     
     
         9 . The optical fiber of  claim 1 , further comprising a bias voltage source coupled to the metal layer and the ENZ layer. 
     
     
         10 . An optical fiber, comprising:
 a longitudinal hollow core;   a longitudinal cladding layer surrounding at least a portion of the core; and   a longitudinal layer of ENZ material formed parallel to the core,   wherein the ENZ layer is configured to change a rotational angle of incoming light with an applied magnetic field.   
     
     
         11 - 18 . (canceled) 
     
     
         21 . An optical fiber, comprising:
 a longitudinal core layer of dielectric material;   a longitudinal cladding layer surrounding at least a portion of the core; and   a longitudinal layer of ENZ material of at least one of transparent conducting oxide or a transition metal nitride formed parallel to the core, wherein the ENZ layer is configured to change a rotational angle of input light relative to orthogonal axes transverse to the longitudinal core with an applied magnetic field to produce a rotated output light compared to the input light.   
     
     
         22 . The optical fiber of  claim 7 , wherein the incoming light comprises polarized light. 
     
     
         23 . An optical fiber, comprising:
 a longitudinal core layer of dielectric material;   a longitudinal cladding layer surrounding at least a portion of the core; and   a longitudinal layer of ENZ material of at least one of a transparent conducting oxide or a transition metal nitride formed in operational proximity to the core and configured to affect light passing through the core,   wherein the ENZ layer is configured to change a rotational angle of the light with an applied magnetic field.