Cell for carrying out quantum optical measurements

Abstract

A cell (110) for carrying out quantum optical measurements on at least one atom cloud is proposed. The cell (110) comprises a control unit (114) for controlling electric fields at the location (112) of the atom cloud. The control unit (114) comprises:at least one housing (116) having at least one interior (120) for receiving the atom cloud and having at least one opening (122) for introducing the atoms of the atom cloud into the interior (120); andat least two electrodes (118),wherein the electrodes (118), independently of one another, are able to be subjected to electrical potentials and are configured to influence at least one electric field in the interior (120),wherein the electrodes (118) are mechanically connected to the housing (116).At least one of the electrodes (118) is at least partly formed by at least one optical window (130) through which at least one light beam (132) for interaction with the atom cloud is able to be radiated into the interior (120). The optical window (130) comprises at least one transparent substrate (134) and at least one transparent electrically conductive coating (136) of the substrate (134). Furthermore, a system (182) for carrying out quantum optical measurements on at least one atom cloud, a quantum computer (204) and a method for carrying out quantum optical measurements on at least one atom cloud are proposed.

1 . A cell for carrying out quantum optical measurements on at least one atom cloud, comprising a control unit for controlling electric fields at the location of the atom cloud, wherein the control unit comprises:
 at least one housing having at least one interior for receiving the atom cloud and having at least one opening for introducing the atoms of the atom cloud into the interior; and   at least two electrodes,
 wherein the electrodes, independently of one another, are able to be subjected to electrical potentials and are configured to influence at least one electric field in the interior, 
 wherein the electrodes are mechanically connected to the housing, 
 wherein at least one of the electrodes is at least partly formed by at least one optical window through which at least one light beam for interaction with the atom cloud is able to be radiated into the interior-, wherein the optical window comprises at least one transparent substrate and at least one transparent electrically conductive coating of the substrate. 
   
     
     
         2 . The cell as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the at least one electrode having the at least one optical window comprises at least one holding unit, wherein the holding unit is configured to hold the optical window, wherein the holding unit is furthermore configured to electrically contact the transparent electrically conductive coating. 
     
     
         3 . The cell as claimed in  claim 2 , wherein the holding unit is configured to hold the optical window in a clamping mount, wherein the clamping mount has at least one electrically conductive element which is pressed onto the transparent electrically conductive coating. 
     
     
         4 . The cell as claimed in  claim 1 , furthermore comprising at least two electrical terminals for connection to at least one voltage source, wherein the electrical terminals are electrically connected to the electrodes. 
     
     
         5 . The cell as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the electrically conductive coating comprises at least one transparent conductive oxide (TCO). 
     
     
         6 . The cell as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises at least one material selected from the group consisting of quartz glass and borosilicate glass. 
     
     
         7 . The cell as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the electrodes have at least two optical windows, wherein the optical windows are arranged in such a way that a plurality of light beams are able to be radiated from different directions through the optical windows into the interior. 
     
     
         8 . The cell as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the housing is at least partly produced from at least one electrically conductive material. 
     
     
         9 . The cell as claimed in the preceding  claim 1 , wherein the electrodes, in addition to the at least one optical window, furthermore have at least one nontransparent electrode, wherein the at least one nontransparent electrode is produced from at least one electrically conductive material and is at least partly integrated into the housing. 
     
     
         10 . The cell as claimed in  claim 1 , furthermore comprising at least one vacuum cell wherein the housing and the electrodes are introduced into the vacuum cell, wherein the vacuum cell has at least one flange for connection to a high-vacuum device. 
     
     
         11 . The cell as claimed in  claim 10 , wherein the optical window is at least partly fixed between the housing and at least one inner wall of the vacuum cell, wherein the optical window is at least partly accommodated in at least one mount, wherein the mount is pressed against the inner wall of the vacuum cell by at least one spring element mounted on the housing. 
     
     
         12 . The cell as claimed in  claim 10 , wherein the vacuum cell is at least partly embodied as a transparent vacuum cell. 
     
     
         13 . A system for carrying out quantum optical measurements on at least one atom cloud, comprising at least one cell as claimed in  claim 1 , furthermore comprising at least one adjustable voltage source, wherein the voltage source is connected to the electrodes and wherein the at least one electric field in the interior of the housing is adjustable by means of the voltage source. 
     
     
         14 . A quantum computer, comprising at least one system as claimed in  claim 13  relating to a system, furthermore comprising at least one controller unit for addressing and/or reading out quantum bits in an atom cloud in the interior. 
     
     
         15 . A method for carrying out quantum optical measurements on at least one atom cloud, comprising the following steps:
 i. providing at least one system as claimed in  claim 13  relating to a system;   ii. generating at least one high vacuum at the location of the cell of the system;   iii. introducing at least one atom cloud into the interior of the cell;   iv. radiating at least one light beam through the at least one optical window of the cell, such that the light beam interacts with the atom cloud in the interior of the cell; and   v. subjecting the electrodes of the cell to electrical potentials and adjusting an electric field in the interior by means of the electrodes.