US2023174507A1PendingUtilityA1

Imidazole 3-oxide derivative based acss2 inhibitors and methods of use thereof

Assignee: METABOMED LTDPriority: May 14, 2019Filed: May 12, 2021Published: Jun 8, 2023
Est. expiryMay 14, 2039(~12.8 yrs left)· nominal 20-yr term from priority
C07F 5/025C07D 207/34C07D 231/38A61K 31/506C07D 401/12C07D 231/16A61K 45/06C07D 405/10C07D 231/46C07D 413/10C07D 413/04A61K 31/4184C07D 233/70C07D 233/90C07D 401/10C07D 403/10C07D 401/04A61P 25/32C07D 231/26A61P 25/18C07D 403/04A61P 1/16A61P 37/00A61P 35/00C07D 249/06C07D 401/14A61K 31/4152C07D 263/34A61P 31/12A61K 31/497C07D 231/22A61P 25/24C07D 403/12A61P 25/00C07D 231/20A61P 37/02A61P 29/00A61K 31/422C07D 241/24A61K 31/4155C07D 207/36C07D 405/04A61K 31/5377C07D 413/12A61P 3/00A61K 31/501C07D 417/12C07D 405/12A61K 31/427A61K 31/4439C07D 409/12C07D 413/14C07D 231/14A61K 31/454C07D 213/81C07D 239/28C07D 409/04C07D 405/14
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Claims

Abstract

The present invention relates to novel ACSS2 inhibitors having activity as anti-cancer therapy, treatment of alcoholism, and viral infection (e.g., CMV), composition and methods of preparation thereof, and uses thereof for treating viral infection, alcoholism, alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), obesity/weight gain, anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, inflammatory/autoimmune conditions and cancer, including metastatic cancer, advanced cancer, and drug resistant cancer of various types.

Claims

exact text as granted — not AI-modified
1 - 42 . (canceled) 
     
     
         43 . A compound represented by the structure of formula I: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         A and B rings are each independently a single or fused aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system (e.g., phenyl, indole, benzofuran, 2-, 3- or 4-pyridine, naphthalene, thiazole, thiophene, imidazole, 1-methylimidazole, benzimidazole), a single or fused C 3 -C 10  cycloalkyl (e.g. cyclohexyl), or a single or fused C 3 -C 10  heterocyclic ring (e.g., benzofuran-2(3H)-one, benzo[d][1,3]dioxole, tetrahydrothiophene 1,1-dioxide, piperidine, 1-methylpiperidine, isoquinoline, 1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran); 
         R 1 , R 2  and R 20  are each independently H, F, Cl, Br, I, OH, SH, R 8 —OH (e.g., CH 2 —OH), R 8 —SH, —R 8 —O—R 10 , (e.g., —CH 2 —O—CH 3 ), R 8 —(C 3 -C 8  cycloalkyl) (e.g., cyclohexyl), R 8 —(C 3 -C 8  heterocyclic ring) (e.g., CH 2 -morpholine, CH 2 -imidazole, CH 2 -indazole), CF 3 , CD 3 , OCD 3 , CN, NO 2 , —CH 2 CN, —R 8 CN, NH 2 , NHR (e.g., NH—CH 3 ), N(R) 2  (e.g., N(CH 3 ) 2 ), R 8 —N(R 10 )(R 11 ) (e.g., CH 2 —CH 2 —N(CH 3 ) 2 , CH 2 —NH 2 , CH 2 —N(CH 3 ) 2 ), R 9 —R 8 —N(R 10 )(R 11 ) (e.g., C≡C—CH 2 —NH 2 ), B(OH) 2 , —OC(O)CF 3 , —OCH 2 Ph, NHC(O)—R 10  (e.g., NHC(O)CH 3 ), NHCO—N(R 10 )(R 11 ) (e.g., NHC(O)N(CH 3 ) 2 ), COOH, —C(O)Ph, C(O)O—R 10  (e.g. C(O)O—CH 3 , C(O)O—CH(CH 3 ) 2 , C(O)O—CH 2 CH 3 ), R 8 —C(O)—R 10  (e.g., CH 2 C(O)CH 3 ), C(O)H, C(O)—R 10  (e.g., C(O)—CH 3 , C(O)—CH 2 CH 3 , C(O)—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 ), C 1 -C 5  linear or branched C(O)-haloalkyl (e.g., C(O)—CF 3 ), —C(O)NH 2 , C(O)NHR, C(O)N(R 10 )(R 11 ) (e.g., C(O)N(CH 3 ) 2 ), SO 2 R, SO 2 N(R 10 )(R 11 ) (e.g., SO 2 N(CH 3 ) 2 , SO 2 NHC(O)CH 3 ), C 1 -C 5  linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl (e.g., C(H)(OH)—CH 3 , methyl, 2, 3, or 4-CH 2 —C 6 H 4 —Cl, ethyl, propyl, iso-propyl, butyl, t-Bu, iso-butyl, pentyl, benzyl), C 2 -C 5  linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl (e.g., CH═C(Ph) 2 )), C 1 -C 5  linear, branched or cyclic haloalkyl (e.g., CF 3 , CF 2 CH 3 , CH 2 CF 3 , CF 2 CH 2 CH 3 , CH 2 CH 2 CF 3 , CF 2 CH(CH 3 ) 2 , CF(CH 3 )—CH(CH 3 ) 2 ), substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 5  linear or branched or C 3 -C 8  cyclic alkoxy (e.g. methoxy, O—(CH 2 ) 2 -pyrrolidine, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, O—CH 2 -cyclopropyl, O-cyclobutyl, O-cyclopentyl, O-cyclohexyl, 1-butoxy, 2-butoxy, O-tBu), optionally wherein at least one methylene group (CH 2 ) in the alkoxy is replaced with an oxygen atom (e.g., O-1-oxacyclobutyl, O-2-oxacyclobutyl), C 1 -C 5  linear or branched thioalkoxy, C 1 -C 5  linear or branched haloalkoxy (e.g., OCF 3 , OCHF 2 ), C 1 -C 5  linear or branched alkoxyalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 8  cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl), substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 8  heterocyclic ring (e.g., morpholine, piperidine, piperazine, 3-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole, 5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole, thiophene, oxazole, oxadiazole, imidazole, furane, triazole, tetrazole, pyridine (2, 3, or 4-pyridine), 3-methyl-2-pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyridazine, oxacyclobutane (1 or 2-oxacyclobutane), indole, protonated or deprotonated pyridine oxide), substituted or unsubstituted aryl (e.g., phenyl, xylyl, 2,6-difluorophenyl, 4-fluoroxylyl), substituted or unsubstituted benzyl (e.g., benzyl, 4-Cl-benzyl, 4-OH-benzyl), or CH(CF 3 )(NH—R 10 ); 
         or R 2  and R 1  are joint together to form a 5 or 6 membered substituted or unsubstituted, aliphatic or aromatic, carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring (e.g., pyrrol, [1,3]dioxole, furan-2(3H)-one, benzene, pyridine); 
         R 3  is I, OH, SH, R 8 —OH (e.g., CH 2 —OH), R 8 —SH, —R 8 —O—R 10 , (e.g., CH 2 —O—CH 3 ) CF 3 , CD 3 , OCD 3 , CN, —CH 2 CN, —R 8 CN, NH 2 , NHR, N(R) 2 , R 8 —N(R 10 )(R 11 ) (e.g., CH 2 —NH 2 , CH 2 —N(CH 3 ) 2 ) R 9 —R 8 —N(R 10 )(R 11 ), B(OH) 2 , —OC(O)CF 3 , —OCH 2 Ph, —NHCO—R 10  (e.g., NHC(O)CH 3 ), NHCO—N(R 10 )(R 11 ) (e.g., NHC(O)N(CH 3 ) 2 ), —C(O)Ph, C(O)O—R 10  (e.g. C(O)O—CH 3 , C(O)O—CH 2 CH 3 ), R 8 —C(O)—R 10  (e.g., CH 2 C(O)CH 3 ), C(O)H, C(O)—R 10  (e.g., C(O)—CH 3 , C(O)—CH 2 CH 3 , C(O)—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 ), C 1 -C 5  linear or branched C(O)-haloalkyl (e.g., C(O)—CF 3 ), —C(O)NH 2 , C(O)NHR (e.g., C(O)NH(CH 3 )), C(O)N(R 10 )(R 11 ) (e.g., C(O)N(CH 3 ) 2 , C(O)N(CH 3 )(CH 2 CH 3 ), C(O)N(CH 3 )(CH 2 CH 2 —O—CH 3 ), C(S)N(R 10 )(R 11 ) (e.g., C(S)NH(CH 3 )), C(O)-pyrrolidine, C(O)-azetidine, C(O)-methylpiperazine, C(O)-piperidine, C(O)-morpholine, SO 2 R, SO 2 N(R 10 )(R 11 ) (e.g., SO 2 NH(CH 3 ), SO 2 N(CH 3 ) 2 ), C 2 -C 5  linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl (e.g., methyl, C(OH)(CH 3 )(Ph), ethyl, propyl, iso-propyl, t-Bu, iso-butyl, pentyl), substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 5  linear or branched or C 3 -C 8  cyclic haloalkyl (e.g., CF 2 CH 3 , CF 2 -cyclobutyl, CF 2 -cyclopropyl, CF 2 -methylcyclopropyl, CH 2 CF 3 , CF 2 CH 2 CH 3 , CH 2 CH 2 CF 3 , CF 2 CH(CH 3 ) 2 , CF(CH 3 )—CH(CH 3 ) 2 , C(OH) 2 CF 3 , cyclopropyl-CF 3 ), C 2 -C 5  linear, branched or cyclic alkoxy (e.g. methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, O—CH 2 -cyclopropyl), C 1 -C 5  linear or branched thioalkoxy, C 1 -C 5  linear or branched haloalkoxy, C 1 -C 5  linear or branched alkoxyalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 8  cycloalkyl (e.g., CF 3 -cyclopropyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl), substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 8  heterocyclic ring (e.g., oxadiazole, pyrrol, N-methyloxetane-3-amine, 3-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole, 5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole, thiophene, oxazole, isoxazole, imidazole, furane, triazole, methyl-triazole, pyridine (2, 3, or 4-pyridine), pyrimidine, pyrazine, oxacyclobutane (1 or 2-oxacyclobutane), indole), substituted or unsubstituted aryl (e.g., phenyl), CH(CF 3 )(NH—R 10 ); 
         R 4  and R 40  are each independently H, F, Cl, Br, I, OH, SH, R 8 —OH (e.g., CH 2 —OH), R 8 —SH, —R 8 —O—R 10 , (e.g., CH 2 —O—CH 3 ) CF 3 , CD 3 , OCD 3 , CN, NO 2 , —CH 2 CN, —R 8 CN, NH 2 , NHR, N(R) 2 , R 8 —N(R 10 )(R 11 ) (e.g., CH 2 —NH 2 , CH 2 —N(CH 3 ) 2 ) R 9 —R 8 —N(R 10 )(R 11 ), B(OH) 2 , —OC(O)CF 3 , —OCH 2 Ph, —NHCO—R 10  (e.g., NHC(O)CH 3 ), NHCO—N(R 10 )(R 11 ) (e.g., NHC(O)N(CH 3 ) 2 ), COOH, —C(O)Ph, C(O)O—R 10  (e.g. C(O)O—CH 3 , C(O)O—CH 2 CH 3 ), R 8 —C(O)—R 10  (e.g., CH 2 C(O)CH 3 ), C(O)H, C(O)—R 10  (e.g., C(O)—CH 3 , C(O)—CH 2 CH 3 , C(O)—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 ), C 1 -C 5  linear or branched C(O)-haloalkyl (e.g., C(O)—CF 3 ), —C(O)NH 2 , C(O)NHR (e.g., C(O)NH(CH 3 )), C(O)N(R 10 )(R 11 ) (e.g., C(O)N(CH 3 ) 2 , C(O)N(CH 3 )(CH 2 CH 3 ), C(O)N(CH 3 )(CH 2 CH 2 —O—CH 3 ), C(S)N(R 10 )(R 11 ) (e.g., C(S)NH(CH 3 )), C(O)-pyrrolidine, C(O)-azetidine, C(O)-methylpiperazine, C(O)-piperidine, C(O)-morpholine, SO 2 R, SO 2 N(R 10 )(R 11 ) (e.g., SO 2 NH(CH 3 ), SO 2 N(CH 3 ) 2 ), C 1 -C 5  linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl (e.g., methyl, C(OH)(CH 3 )(Ph), ethyl, propyl, iso-propyl, t-Bu, iso-butyl, pentyl), substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 5  linear or branched or C 3 -C 8  cyclic haloalkyl (e.g., CF 3 , CF 2 CH 3 , CF 2 -cyclobutyl, CF 2 -cyclopropyl, CF 2 -methylcyclopropyl, CH 2 CF 3 , CF 2 CH 2 CH 3 , CH 2 CH 2 CF 3 , CF 2 CH(CH 3 ) 2 , CF(CH 3 )—CH(CH 3 ) 2 , C(OH) 2 CF 3 , cyclopropyl-CF 3 ), C 1 -C 5  linear, branched or cyclic alkoxy (e.g. methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, O—CH 2 -cyclopropyl), C 1 -C 5  linear or branched thioalkoxy, C 1 -C 5  linear or branched haloalkoxy, C 1 -C 5  linear or branched alkoxyalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 8  cycloalkyl (e.g., CF 3 -cyclopropyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl), substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 8  heterocyclic ring (e.g., oxadiazole, pyrrol, N-methyloxetane-3-amine, 3-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole, 5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole, thiophene, oxazole, isoxazole, imidazole, furane, triazole, methyl-triazole, pyridine (2, 3, or 4-pyridine), pyrimidine, pyrazine, oxacyclobutane (1 or 2-oxacyclobutane), indole), substituted or unsubstituted aryl (e.g., phenyl), CH(CF 3 )(NH—R 10 ); 
         or R 3  and R 4  are joint together to form a 5 or 6 membered substituted or unsubstituted, aliphatic or aromatic, carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring (e.g., imidazole, [1,3]dioxole, furan-2(3H)-one, benzene, cyclopentane, imidazole); 
         R 5  is H, C 1 -C 5  linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl (e.g., methyl, CH 2 SH, ethyl, iso-propyl), C 2 -C 5  linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, C 2 -C 5  linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl (e.g., CCH), C 1 -C 5  linear or branched haloalkyl (e.g., CF 3 , CF 2 CH 3 , CH 2 CF 3 , CF 2 CH 2 CH 3 , CH 2 CH 2 CF 3 , CF 2 CH(CH 3 ) 2 , CF(CH 3 )—CH(CH 3 ) 2 ), R 8 -aryl (e.g., CH 2 -Ph), C(═CH 2 )—R 10  (e.g., C(═CH 2 )—C(O)—OCH 3 , C(═CH 2 )—CN) substituted or unsubstituted aryl (e.g., phenyl), or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl (e.g., pyridine (2, 3, and 4-pyridine); 
         R 6  is H, C 1 -C 5  linear or branched alkyl (e.g., methyl), C(O)R, or S(O) 2 R; 
         R 60  is H, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 5  linear or branched alkyl (e.g., methyl, CH 2 —OC(O)CH 3 , CH 2 —PO 4 H 2 , CH 2 —PO 4 H-tBu, CH 2 —OP(O)(OCH 3 ) 2 ), C(O)R, or S(O) 2 R; 
         R 8  is [CH 2 ] p  
 wherein p is between 1 and 10; 
 
         R 9  is [CH] q , [C] q  
 wherein q is between 2 and 10; 
 
         R 10  and R 11  are each independently H, CN, C 1 -C 5  linear or branched alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl), R 8 —O—R 10  (e.g., CH 2 CH 2 —O—CH 3 ), C(O)R (e.g., C(O)(OCH 3 )), or S(O) 2 R; 
         or R 10  and R 11  are joined to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 8  heterocyclic ring (e.g., pyrrolidine, piperazine, methylpiperazine, azetidine, piperidine, morpholine), 
         wherein substitutions include: F, Cl, Br, I, OH, C 1 -C 5  linear or branched alkyl (e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl), C 1 -C 5  linear or branched alkyl-OH (e.g., C(CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 —OH, CH 2 CH 2 —OH), C 2 -C 5  linear or branched alkenyl (e.g., E- or Z-propylene), C 2 -C 5  linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl (e.g., CH≡C—CH 3 ), alkoxy, ester (e.g., OC(O)—CH 3 ), N(R) 2 , CF 3 , aryl, phenyl, R 8 -aryl (e.g., CH 2 CH 2 -Ph), heteroaryl (e.g., imidazole) C 3 -C 8  cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclohexyl), C 3 -C 8  heterocyclic ring (e.g., pyrrolidine), halophenyl, (benzyloxy)phenyl, alkyl-hydrogen-phosphate (e.g., tBu-PO 4 H), dihydrogen-phosphate (i.e., OP(O)(OH) 2 ), dialkylphosphate (e.g., OP(O)(OCH 3 ) 2 ), CN and NO 2 ; 
         R is H, C 1 -C 5  linear or branched alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl), C 1 -C 5  linear or branched alkoxy (e.g., methoxy), phenyl, aryl or heteroaryl, 
         or two gem R substituents are joint together to form a 5 or 6 membered heterocyclic ring; 
         m, n and k are each independently an integer between 0 and 4 (e.g., 0, 1 or 2); 
         l is an integer between 1 and 4 (e.g., 0, 1 or 2); 
         or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, hydrate, N-oxide, reverse amide analog, prodrug, isotopic variant (e.g., deuterated analog), PROTAC, pharmaceutical product or any combination thereof. 
       
     
     
         44 . The compound of  claim 43 , represented by the structure of formula II: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein
 X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , X 4  and X 5  are each independently C or N; 
 
         by the structure of formula III: 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         by the structure of formula IV: 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         by the structure of formula VIII: 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           wherein 
         
         R 21  and R 22  are each independently H, F, Cl, Br, I, OH, SH, R 8 —OH (e.g., CH 2 —OH), R 8 —SH, —R 8 —O—R 10 , (e.g., —CH 2 —O—CH 3 ), R 8 —(C 3 -C 8  cycloalkyl) (e.g., cyclohexyl), R 8 —(C 3 -C 8  heterocyclic ring) (e.g., CH 2 -morpholine, CH 2 -imidazole, CH 2 -indazole), CF 3 , CD 3 , OCD 3 , CN, NO 2 , —CH 2 CN, —R 8 CN, NH 2 , NHR (e.g., NH—CH 3 ), N(R) 2  (e.g., N(CH 3 ) 2 ), R 8 —N(R 10 )(R 11 ) (e.g., CH 2 —CH 2 —N(CH 3 ) 2 , CH 2 —NH 2 , CH 2 —N(CH 3 ) 2 ), R 9 —R 8 —N(R 10 )(R 11 ) (e.g., C≡C—CH 2 —NH 2 ), B(OH) 2 , —OC(O)CF 3 , —OCH 2 Ph, NHC(O)—R 10  (e.g., NHC(O)CH 3 ), NHCO—N(R 10 )(R 11 ) (e.g., NHC(O)N(CH 3 ) 2 ), COOH, —C(O)Ph, C(O)O—R 10  (e.g. C(O)O—CH 3 , C(O)O—CH(CH 3 ) 2 , C(O)O—CH 2 CH 3 ), R 8 —C(O)—R 10  (e.g., CH 2 C(O)CH 3 ), C(O)H, C(O)—R 10  (e.g., C(O)—CH 3 , C(O)—CH 2 CH 3 , C(O)—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 ), C 1 -C 5  linear or branched C(O)-haloalkyl (e.g., C(O)—CF 3 ), —C(O)NH 2 , C(O)NHR, C(O)N(R 10 )(R 11 ) (e.g., C(O)N(CH 3 ) 2 ), SO 2 R, SO 2 N(R 10 )(R 11 ) (e.g., SO 2 N(CH 3 ) 2 , SO 2 NHC(O)CH 3 ), C 1 -C 5  linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl (e.g., C(H)(OH)—CH 3 , methyl, 2, 3, or 4-CH 2 —C 6 H 4 —Cl, ethyl, propyl, iso-propyl, butyl, t-Bu, iso-butyl, pentyl, benzyl), C 2 -C 5  linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl (e.g., CH═C(Ph) 2 )), C 1 -C 5  linear, branched or cyclic haloalkyl (e.g., CF 3 , CF 2 CH 3 , CH 2 CF 3 , CF 2 CH 2 CH 3 , CH 2 CH 2 CF 3 , CF 2 CH(CH 3 ) 2 , CF(CH 3 )—CH(CH 3 ) 2 ), substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 5  linear or branched or C 3 -C 8  cyclic alkoxy (e.g. methoxy, O—(CH 2 ) 2 -pyrrolidine, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, O—CH 2 -cyclopropyl, O-cyclobutyl, O-cyclopentyl, O-cyclohexyl, 1-butoxy, 2-butoxy, O-tBu), optionally wherein at least one methylene group (CH 2 ) in the alkoxy is replaced with an oxygen atom (e.g., O-1-oxacyclobutyl, O-2-oxacyclobutyl), C 1 -C 5  linear or branched thioalkoxy, C 1 -C 5  linear or branched haloalkoxy (e.g., OCF 3 , OCHF 2 ), C 1 -C 5  linear or branched alkoxyalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 8  cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl), substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 8  heterocyclic ring (e.g., morpholine, piperidine, piperazine, 3-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole, 5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole, thiophene, oxazole, oxadiazole, imidazole, furane, triazole, tetrazole, pyridine (2, 3, or 4-pyridine), 3-methyl-2-pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyridazine, oxacyclobutane (1 or 2-oxacyclobutane), indole, protonated or deprotonated pyridine oxide), substituted or unsubstituted aryl (e.g., phenyl, xylyl, 2,6-difluorophenyl, 4-fluoroxylyl), substituted or unsubstituted benzyl (e.g., benzyl, 4-Cl-benzyl, 4-OH-benzyl), or CH(CF 3 )(NH—R 10 ); or 
         by the structure of formula IX: 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein 
         R 1 , R 20 , R 21  and R 22  are each independently H, F, Cl, Br, I, OH, SH, R 8 —OH (e.g., CH 2 —OH), R 8 —SH, —R 8 —O—R 10 , (e.g., —CH 2 —O—CH 3 ), R 8 —(C 3 -C 8  cycloalkyl) (e.g., cyclohexyl), R 8 —(C 3 -C 8  heterocyclic ring) (e.g., CH 2 -morpholine, CH 2 -imidazole, CH 2 -indazole), CF 3 , CD 3 , OCD 3 , CN, NO 2 , —CH 2 CN, —R 8 CN, NH 2 , NHR (e.g., NH—CH 3 ), N(R) 2 (e.g., N(CH 3 ) 2 ), R 8 —N(R 10 )(R 11 ) (e.g., CH 2 —CH 2 —N(CH 3 ) 2 , CH 2 —NH 2 , CH 2 —N(CH 3 ) 2 ), R 9 —R 8 —N(R 10 )(R 11 ) (e.g., C≡C—CH 2 —NH 2 ), B(OH) 2 , —OC(O)CF 3 , —OCH 2 Ph, NHC(O)—R 10  (e.g., NHC(O)CH 3 ), NHCO—N(R 10 )(R 11 ) (e.g., NHC(O)N(CH 3 ) 2 ), COOH, —C(O)Ph, C(O)O—R 10  (e.g. C(O)O—CH 3 , C(O)O—CH(CH 3 ) 2 , C(O)O—CH 2 CH 3 ), R 8 —C(O)—R 10  (e.g., CH 2 C(O)CH 3 ), C(O)H, C(O)—R 10  (e.g., C(O)—CH 3 , C(O)—CH 2 CH 3 , C(O)—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 ), C 1 -C 5  linear or branched C(O)-haloalkyl (e.g., C(O)—CF 3 ), —C(O)NH 2 , C(O)NHR, C(O)N(R 10 )(R 11 ) (e.g., C(O)N(CH 3 ) 2 ), SO 2 R, SO 2 N(R 10 )(R 11 ) (e.g., SO 2 N(CH 3 ) 2 , SO 2 NHC(O)CH 3 ), C 1 -C 5  linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl (e.g., C(H)(OH)—CH 3 , methyl, 2, 3, or 4-CH 2 —C 6 H 4 —Cl, ethyl, propyl, iso-propyl, butyl, t-Bu, iso-butyl, pentyl, benzyl), C 2 -C 5  linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl (e.g., CH═C(Ph) 2 )), C 1 -C 5  linear, branched or cyclic haloalkyl (e.g., CF 3 , CF 2 CH 3 , CH 2 CF 3 , CF 2 CH 2 CH 3 , CH 2 CH 2 CF 3 , CF 2 CH(CH 3 ) 2 , CF(CH 3 )—CH(CH 3 ) 2 ), substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 5  linear or branched or C 3 -C 8  cyclic alkoxy (e.g. methoxy, O—(CH 2 ) 2 -pyrrolidine, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, O—CH 2 -cyclopropyl, O-cyclobutyl, O-cyclopentyl, O-cyclohexyl, 1-butoxy, 2-butoxy, O-tBu), optionally wherein at least one methylene group (CH 2 ) in the alkoxy is replaced with an oxygen atom (e.g., O-1-oxacyclobutyl, O-2-oxacyclobutyl), C 1 -C 5  linear or branched thioalkoxy, C 1 -C 5  linear or branched haloalkoxy (e.g., OCF 3 , OCHF 2 ), C 1 -C 5  linear or branched alkoxyalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 8  cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl), substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 8  heterocyclic ring (e.g., morpholine, piperidine, piperazine, 3-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole, 5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole, thiophene, oxazole, oxadiazole, imidazole, furane, triazole, tetrazole, pyridine (2, 3, or 4-pyridine), 3-methyl-2-pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyridazine, oxacyclobutane (1 or 2-oxacyclobutane), indole, protonated or deprotonated pyridine oxide), substituted or unsubstituted aryl (e.g., phenyl, xylyl, 2,6-difluorophenyl, 4-fluoroxylyl), substituted or unsubstituted benzyl (e.g., benzyl, 4-Cl-benzyl, 4-OH-benzyl), CH(CF 3 )(NH—R 10 ); 
         or R 21  and R 1  are joint together to form a 5 or 6 membered substituted or unsubstituted, aliphatic or aromatic, carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring (e.g., pyrrol, [1,3]dioxole, furan-2(3H)-one, benzene, pyridine); 
         or R 21  and R 22  are joint together to form a 5 or 6 membered substituted or unsubstituted, aliphatic or aromatic, carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring (e.g., pyrrol, [1,3]dioxole, furan-2(3H)-one, benzene, pyridine); and 
         R 201  and R 202  are each independently H, F, Cl, Br, I, CF 3 , or C 1 -C 5  linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl (e.g., methyl). 
       
     
     
         45 . A compound represented by the structure of formula VIII: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           wherein 
         
         R 1  is H, methoxy, OCD 3 , F, Cl, or OCHF 2 ; 
         R 2  is xylyl, 2,6-difluorophenyl, 4-fluoroxylyl or isopropyl; 
         R 22  is F, OH, or NH 2 ; 
         R 20  and R 21  are both H; 
         R 3  is oxadiazole, oxazole, isoxazole, or tetrazole;
 or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, hydrate, N-oxide, reverse amide analog, prodrug, isotopic variant (e.g., deuterated analog), PROTAC, pharmaceutical product or any combination thereof. 
 
       
     
     
         46 . The compound of  claim 43 , selected from the following: 
       
         
           
                 
                 
               
                     
                 
                   Compound 
                     
                 
                   Number 
                   Compound Structure 
                 
                     
                 
                   100 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   101 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   102 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   103 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   104 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   105 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   106 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   107 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   108 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   109 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   110 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   111 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   112 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   113 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   114 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   115 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   116 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   117 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   118 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   119 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   120 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   121 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   122 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   123 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   124 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   125 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   126 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   127 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   128 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   129 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   130 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   131 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   132 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   133 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   134 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   135 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   136 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   137 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   138 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   139 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   140 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   141 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   142 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   143 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   144 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   145 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   146 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   147 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   148 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   149 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   150 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   151 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   152 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   153 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   154 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   155 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   156 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   157 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   158 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   159 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   160 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   161 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   162 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   163 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   164 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   165 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   166 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   169 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   170 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   172 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   173 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   174 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   175 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   176 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   177 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   178 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   179 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   180 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   181 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   182 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   183 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   184 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   185 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   186 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   187 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   188 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   190 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   191 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   192 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   193 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   194 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   195 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   196 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   197 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   198 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   199 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   200 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   201 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   202 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   204 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   205 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   206 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   210 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   211 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   213 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
             
                
                
                
                
               
               
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
               
            
           
         
       
       or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, hydrate, N-oxide, reverse amide analog, prodrug, isotopic variant (e.g., deuterated analog), PROTAC, pharmaceutical product or any combination thereof. 
     
     
         47 . A compound represented by the structure of formula VI: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein 
         R 3  is I, OH, SH, R 8 —OH (e.g., CH 2 —OH), R 8 —SH, —R 8 —O—R 10 , (e.g., CH 2 —O—CH 3 ) CF 3 , CD 3 , OCD 3 , CN, NO 2 , —CH 2 CN, —R 8 CN, NH 2 , NHR, N(R) 2 , R 8 —N(R 10 )(R 11 ) (e.g., CH 2 —NH 2 , CH 2 —N(CH 3 ) 2 ) R 9 —R 8 —N(R 10 )(R 11 ), B(OH) 2 , —OC(O)CF 3 , —OCH 2 Ph, —NHCO—R 10  (e.g., NHC(O)CH 3 ), NHCO—N(R 10 )(R 11 ) (e.g., NHC(O)N(CH 3 ) 2 ), COOH, —C(O)Ph, C(O)O—R 10  (e.g. C(O)O—CH 3 , C(O)O—CH 2 CH 3 ), R 8 —C(O)—R 10  (e.g., CH 2 C(O)CH 3 ), C(O)H, C(O)—R 10  (e.g., C(O)—CH 3 , C(O)—CH 2 CH 3 , C(O)—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 ), C 1 -C 5  linear or branched C(O)-haloalkyl (e.g., C(O)—CF 3 ), —C(O)NH 2 , C(O)NHR (e.g., C(O)NH(CH 3 )), C(O)N(R 10 )(R 11 ) (e.g., C(O)N(CH 3 ) 2 , C(O)N(CH 3 )(CH 2 CH 3 ), C(O)N(CH 3 )(CH 2 CH 2 —O—CH 3 ), C(S)N(R 10 )(R 11 ) (e.g., C(S)NH(CH 3 )), C(O)-pyrrolidine, C(O)-azetidine, C(O)-methylpiperazine, C(O)-piperidine, C(O)-morpholine, SO 2 R, SO 2 N(R 10 )(R 11 ) (e.g., SO 2 NH(CH 3 ), SO 2 N(CH 3 ) 2 ), C 1 -C 5  linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl (e.g., methyl, C(OH)(CH 3 )(Ph), ethyl, propyl, iso-propyl, t-Bu, iso-butyl, pentyl), substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 5  linear or branched or C 3 -C 8  cyclic haloalkyl (e.g., CF 3 , CF 2 CH 3 , CF 2 -cyclobutyl, CF 2 -cyclopropyl, CF 2 -methylcyclopropyl, CH 2 CF 3 , CF 2 CH 2 CH 3 , CH 2 CH 2 CF 3 , CF 2 CH(CH 3 ) 2 , CF(CH 3 )—CH(CH 3 ) 2 , C(OH) 2 CF 3 , cyclopropyl-CF 3 ), C 1 -C 5  linear, branched or cyclic alkoxy (e.g. methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, O—CH 2 -cyclopropyl), C 1 -C 5  linear or branched thioalkoxy, C 1 -C 5  linear or branched haloalkoxy, C 1 -C 5  linear or branched alkoxyalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 8  cycloalkyl (e.g., CF 3 -cyclopropyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl), substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 8  heterocyclic ring (e.g., oxadiazole, pyrrol, N-methyloxetane-3-amine, 3-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole, 5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole, thiophene, oxazole, isoxazole, imidazole, furane, triazole, methyl-triazole, pyridine (2, 3, or 4-pyridine), pyrimidine, pyrazine, oxacyclobutane (1 or 2-oxacyclobutane), indole), substituted or unsubstituted aryl (e.g., phenyl), CH(CF 3 )(NH—R 10 ). 
       
     
     
         48 . The compound of  claim 47 , wherein:
 R 3  is C(O)NH 2 , C(O)NHR (e.g., C(O)NH(CH 3 )), C(O)N(R 10 )(R 11 ) (e.g., C(O)N(CH 3 ) 2 , C(O)N(CH 3 )(CH 2 CH 3 ), C(O)N(CH 3 )(CH 2 CH 2 —O—CH 3 ), C(S)N(R 10 )(R 11 ) (e.g., C(S)NH(CH 3 )), C(O)-pyrrolidine, C(O)-azetidine, C(O)-methylpiperazine, C(O)-piperidine, C(O)-morpholine, SO 2 N(R 10 )(R 11 ) (e.g., SO 2 NH(CH 3 ), SO 2 N(CH 3 ) 2 ), or substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 5  linear or branched or C 3 -C 8  cyclic haloalkyl (e.g., CF 3 , CF 2 CH 3 , CF 2 -cyclobutyl, CF 2 -cyclopropyl, CF 2 -methylcyclopropyl, CH 2 CF 3 , CF 2 CH 2 CH 3 , CH 2 CH 2 CF 3 , CF 2 CH(CH 3 ) 2 , CF(CH 3 )—CH(CH 3 ) 2 , C(OH) 2 CF 3 , cyclopropyl-CF 3 ).   
     
     
         49 . The compound of  claim 47 , selected from the following: 
       
         
           
                 
                 
                 
               
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   Compound 
                     
                 
                     
                   Number 
                   Compound Structure 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   171 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   203 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   207 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   208 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   209 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   212 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   214 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   215 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                     
                 
             
                
                
                
                
               
               
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
         50 . A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to  claim 43  and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 
     
     
         51 . A method of treating, suppressing, reducing the severity, reducing the risk of developing or inhibiting a disease or condition selected from: cancer, human alcoholism, viral infection, alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH), non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a metabolic disorder, an autoimmune disease or a neuropsychiatric disease or disorder in a subject, comprising administering a compound according to  claim 43 , to a subject suffering from said disease or condition, under conditions effective to treat, suppress, reduce the severity, reduce the risk of developing, or inhibit said disease or condition. 
     
     
         52 . A method of treating, suppressing, reducing the severity, reducing the risk of developing or inhibiting a disease or condition selected from: cancer, human alcoholism, viral infection, alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH), non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a metabolic disorder, an autoimmune disease or a neuropsychiatric disease or disorder in a subject, comprising administering a compound according to  claim 47 , to a subject suffering from said disease or condition, under conditions effective to treat, suppress, reduce the severity, reduce the risk of developing, or inhibit said disease or condition. 
     
     
         53 . The method of  claim 51 ,
 wherein the cancer is selected from the list of: hepatocellular carcinoma, melanoma (e.g., BRAF mutant melanoma), glioblastoma, breast cancer (e.g., invasive ductal carcinomas of the breast, triple-negative breast cancer), prostate cancer, liver cancer, brain cancer, ovarian cancer, lung cancer, Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC), colon carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, renal cell carcinoma and mammary carcinoma;   wherein the cancer is early cancer, advanced cancer, invasive cancer, metastatic cancer, drug resistant cancer or any combination thereof;   wherein the subject has been previously treated with chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, biological therapy, surgical intervention, or any combination thereof;   wherein the compound is administered in combination with an anti-cancer therapy;
 wherein the viral infection is human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection; 
   wherein the metabolic disorder is selected from: obesity, weight gain, hepatic steatosis and fatty liver disease;   wherein the neuropsychiatric disease or disorder is selected from: anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, autism and post-traumatic stress disorder;   or any combination thereof.   
     
     
         54 . The method of  claim 53 , wherein the anti-cancer therapy is chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, biological therapy, surgical intervention, or any combination thereof. 
     
     
         55 . A method of suppressing, reducing or inhibiting tumor growth in a subject suffering from cancer, comprising administering a compound according to  claim 43 , to a subject suffering from cancer, under conditions effective to suppress, reduce or inhibit tumor growth in said subject. 
     
     
         56 . The method of  claim 55 ,
 wherein the tumor growth is enhanced by increased acetate uptake by cancer cells of said cancer,   wherein the tumor growth is suppressed due to suppression of lipid (e.g., fatty acid) synthesis and/or regulating histones acetylation and function induced by ACSS2 mediated acetate metabolism to acetyl-CoA;
 or combination thereof. 
   
     
     
         57 . A method of suppressing, reducing or inhibiting lipid synthesis and/or regulating histones acetylation and function in a cell, comprising contacting a compound according to  claim 43  with a cell under conditions effective to suppress, reduce or inhibit lipid synthesis and/or regulating histones acetylation and function in said cell. 
     
     
         58 . The method of  claim 57 , wherein the cell is a cancer cell. 
     
     
         59 . A method of binding an ACSS2 inhibitor compound to an ACSS2 enzyme, comprising the step of contacting an ACSS2 enzyme with an ACSS2 inhibitor compound according to  claim 43 , in an amount effective to bind the ACSS2 inhibitor compound to the ACSS2 enzyme. 
     
     
         60 . A method of suppressing, reducing or inhibiting acetyl-CoA synthesis from acetate in a cell, comprising contacting a compound according to  claim 43  with a cell, under conditions effective to suppress, reduce or inhibit acetyl-CoA synthesis from acetate in said cell. 
     
     
         61 . The method of  claim 60 ,
 wherein the cell is a cancer cell;   wherein the synthesis is mediated by ACSS2;   or combination thereof.   
     
     
         62 . A method of suppressing, reducing or inhibiting acetate metabolism in a cancer cell, comprising contacting a compound according to  claim 43  with a cancer cell, under conditions effective to suppress, reduce or inhibit acetate metabolism in said cells. 
     
     
         63 . The method of  claim 62 ,
 wherein the acetate metabolism is mediated by ACSS2;   wherein the cancer cell is under hypoxic stress;   or combination thereof.

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