Three dimensional printing

Abstract

A three-dimensional printing kit can include a particulate build material including from about 80 wt % to 100 wt % metal particles based on the total weight of the particulate build material, and a binder fluid. The binder fluid can include water, latex particles in an amount of from about 1 wt % to about 40 wt % based on the total weight of the binder fluid, and a multihydrazide adhesion promoter in an amount of from about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt % based on the total weight of the binder fluid.

1 . A three-dimensional printing kit comprising:
 a particulate build material comprising from about 80 wt % to 100 wt % metal particles based on the total weight of the particulate build material; and   a binder fluid comprising water, latex particles in an amount of from about 1 wt % to about 40 wt % based on the total weight of the binder fluid, and a multihydrazide adhesion promoter in an amount of from about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt % based on the total weight of the binder fluid;   wherein the latex particles have a particle size of from about 10 nm to about 400 nm.   
     
     
         2 . The three-dimensional printing kit of  claim 1 , wherein the metal particles are aluminum, titanium, copper, cobalt, chromium, nickel, vanadium, tungsten, tungsten carbide, tantalum, molybdenum, magnesium, gold, silver, ferrous alloy, stainless steel, steel, an alloy thereof, or an admixture thereof. 
     
     
         3 . The three-dimensional printing kit of  claim 1 , wherein the latex particles include a copolymer with copolymerized methyl methacrylate being present at about 50 wt % or greater of the copolymer, or copolymerized styrene being present at about 50 wt % or greater of the copolymer. 
     
     
         4 . The three-dimensional printing kit of  claim 1 , wherein the multihydrazide adhesion promoter has the general formula: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         where R is null, from C1 to C8 unbranched alkyl, C3 to C8 branched alkyl, C2 to C8 unbranched alkylene, C4 to C8 branched alkylene, aromatic, alicyclic, or a combination thereof; A is C═O, O═S═O, or P═O; and n is 2 or 3; wherein when R is null, n is 2 and two hydrazides share a common A moiety or two hydrazides are linked together at their respective A moieties without an intervening R group. 
       
     
     
         5 . The three-dimensional printing kit of  claim 1 , wherein the multihydrazide adhesion promoter is selected from adipic dihydrazide, carbodihydrazide, oxalyl dihydrazide, succinic dihydrazide, isophthalic dihydrazide, azelaic dihydrazide, dodecanedioic dihydrazide, sebacic dihydrazide, terephthalic dihydrazide, oxbisbenzene sulfonylhydrazide, or a combination thereof. 
     
     
         6 . A three-dimensional printing kit comprising:
 a particulate build material comprising from about 80 wt % to 100 wt % metal particles based on the total weight of the particulate build material;   a binder fluid comprising water, and latex particles in an amount of from about 1 wt % to about 40 wt % based on the total weight of the binder fluid; and   an adhesion promoter fluid comprising water, and a multihydrazide adhesion promoter in an amount of from about 0.1 wt % to about 5 wt % based on the total weight of the adhesion promoter fluid;   wherein the latex particles have a particle size of from about 10 nm to about 400 nm.   
     
     
         7 . The three-dimensional printing kit of  claim 6 , wherein the metal particles have a D50 particle size distribution value of from about 4 μm to about 150 μm. 
     
     
         8 . The three-dimensional printing kit of  claim 6 , wherein the latex particles are a styrene-methyl (meth)acrylate copolymer. 
     
     
         9 . The three-dimensional printing kit of  claim 6 , wherein the binder fluid and the adhesion promoter fluid are formulated to be ejected onto a layer of the particulate build material at a weight ratio of about 5:1 to about 1:5. 
     
     
         10 . The three-dimensional printing kit of  claim 6 , wherein the multihydrazide adhesion promoter is selected from adipic dihydrazide, carbodihydrazide, oxalyl dihydrazide, succinic dihydrazide, isophthalic dihydrazide, azelaic dihydrazide, dodecanedioic dihydrazide, sebacic dihydrazide, terephthalic dihydrazide, oxbisbenzene sulfonylhydrazide, or a combination thereof. 
     
     
         11 . A method of three-dimensional printing comprising:
 iteratively applying individual build material layers of a particulate build material which includes from about 80 wt % to 100 wt % metal particles based on the total weight of the particulate build material;   based on a 3D object model, selectively applying water, latex particles, and a multihydrazide adhesion promoter to individual build material layers to define individually patterned layers of a 3D green body object; and   heating the individually patterned layers to drive off water and further solidify the 3D green body object;   wherein the latex particles have a particle size of from about 10 nm to about 400 nm.   
     
     
         12 . The method of  claim 11 , wherein the latex particles are selectively applied by ejecting a binder fluid including water and the latex particles in an amount of from about 1 wt % to about 40 wt % based on the total weight of the binder fluid, and wherein the multihydrazide adhesion promoter is selectively applied by ejecting an adhesion promoter fluid as a separate fluid relative to the binder fluid, wherein the adhesion promoter fluid includes water and the multihydrazide adhesion promoter in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 5 wt % based on the total weight of the adhesion promoter fluid. 
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 11 , wherein the latex particles and the multihydrazide adhesion promoter are selectively applied by ejecting a binder fluid including water, the latex particles in an amount of from about 1 wt % to about 40 wt % based on the total weight of the binder fluid, and the multihydrazide adhesion promoter in an amount of about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt % based on the total weight of the binder fluid. 
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 11 , wherein heating occurs at from about 100° C. to about 250° C. 
     
     
         15 . The method of  claim 14 , further comprising separating the 3D green body object from the particulate build material and sintering the metal particles of the 3D green body object in a fusing oven. 
     
     
         16 . A three-dimensional printing kit comprising:
 a particulate build material comprising from about 80 wt % to 100 wt % metal particles based on the total weight of the particulate build material; and   a binder fluid comprising water, latex particles in an amount of from about 1 wt % to about 40 wt % based on the total weight of the binder fluid, and a multihydrazide adhesion promoter in an amount of from about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt % based on the total weight of the binder fluid;   wherein the latex particles include a copolymer with copolymerized methyl methacrylate being present at about 50 wt % or greater of the copolymer, or copolymerized styrene being present at about 50 wt % or greater of the copolymer;   wherein the multihydrazide adhesion promoter is selected from the group consisting of adipic dihydrazide, carbodihydrazide, oxalyl dihydrazide, succinic dihydrazide, isophthalic dihydrazide, azelaic dihydrazide, dodecanedioic dihydrazide, sebacic dihydrazide, terephthalic dihydrazide, oxbisbenzene sulfonylhydrazide, and a combination thereof;   wherein the metal particles have a D50 particle size distribution value of from about 4 μm to about 150 μm;   and wherein the latex particles have a particle size of from about 10 nm to about 400 nm.   
     
     
         17 . The three-dimensional printing kit of  claim 16 , wherein the latex particles have a particle size of from about 50 nm to about 250 nm. 
     
     
         18 . The three-dimensional printing kit of  claim 1 , wherein the latex particles have a particle size of from about 50 nm to about 250 nm. 
     
     
         19 . The three-dimensional printing kit of  claim 6 , wherein the latex particles have a particle size of from about 50 nm to about 250 nm. 
     
     
         20 . The method of  claim 11 , wherein the latex particles have a particle size of from about 50 nm to about 250 nm.