Method for producing a hologram, and security element and a security document

Abstract

A method for producing a hologram ( 1 ), ( 1 ) for security elements ( 1 a ) and/or security documents ( 1 b ). One or more virtual hologram planes ( 10 ) are arranged in front of and/or behind one or more virtual models ( 20 ) and/or one or more virtual hologram planes ( 10 ) are arranged such that they intersect one or more virtual models ( 20 ). One or more virtual light sources ( 30 ) are arranged on one or more partial regions of the surface ( 21 ) of one or more of the virtual models ( 20 ). One or more virtual electromagnetic fields ( 40 ) are calculated starting from at least one of the virtual light sources ( 30 ) in one or more zones ( 11 ) of the one or more virtual hologram planes ( 10 ). In the one or more zones ( 11 ), in each case, a virtual total electromagnetic field ( 41 ) is calculated on the basis of the sum of two or more, of the virtual electromagnetic fields ( 40 ) in the respective zone ( 11 ). One or more phase images ( 50 ) are calculated from the virtual total electromagnetic fields ( 41 ) in the one or more zones ( 11 ). A height profile ( 60 ) of the hologram ( 1 ) is calculated from the one or more phase images ( 50 ) and the height profile ( 60 ) of the hologram ( 1 ) is incorporated into a substrate ( 2 ) to provide the hologram ( 1 ).

1 - 54 . (canceled) 
     
     
         55 . A security element,
 comprising a substrate into which the height profile of a hologram is incorporated, which is calculated from one or more phase images, wherein the one or more phase images are calculated from one or more virtual total electromagnetic fields in one or more zones of one or more virtual hologram planes, wherein each of the virtual total electromagnetic fields is calculated on the basis of the sum of two or more virtual electromagnetic fields in the respective one or more zones, wherein the two or more virtual electromagnetic fields are calculated in each case starting from at least one virtual light source, wherein one or more of the virtual light sources is arranged on one or more partial regions of the surface of one or more virtual models, wherein one or more of the virtual hologram planes are arranged in front of and/or behind one or more of the virtual models and/or one or more of the virtual hologram planes intersect one or more of the virtual models, and   wherein the substrate comprises a thin-film structure applied to the incorporated height profile of the hologram, the thin-film structure generating a color shift effect dependent on the angle of view of the security element.   
     
     
         56 - 58 . (canceled) 
     
     
         59 . The security element according to  claim 55 , wherein,
 one or more motifs from a first quantity of motifs are detectable for an observer and/or a sensor when the substrate is arranged flat or not curved and/or wherein one or more motifs from a second quantity of motifs are partially or completely detectable for an observer and/or sensor when the substrate is bent or curved according to the curvature progression of the or one of the virtual hologram planes in the or in one of the zones, wherein the motifs from the first quantity of motifs and the motifs from the second quantity of motifs are partially or completely different.   
     
     
         60 . The security element according to  claim 55 , wherein
 one or more motifs from a third quantity of motifs partially or completely provide a parallactic movement effect detectable by an observer and/or by a sensor when the substrate is tilted and/or rotated, and/or wherein one or more motifs from a fourth quantity of motifs provide an orthoparallactic movement effect detectable by an observer and/or by a sensor when the substrate is tilted and/or rotated, wherein the motifs from the third quantity of motifs and the motifs from the fourth quantity of motifs are partially or completely different.   
     
     
         61 - 62 . (canceled) 
     
     
         63 . The security element according  claim 55 , wherein
 the one or more motifs assigned to one or more of the virtual models appear white when viewed perpendicular to the plane spanned by the substrate, is detectable in the color blue at a viewing angle of from 30° to 34° with respect to the angle of incidence of the light with a wavelength of from 440 nm to 460 nm, is detectable in the color green at a viewing angle of from 38° to 42° with respect to the angle of incidence of the light with a wavelength of from 530 nm to 550 nm and/or is detectable in the color red at a viewing angle of from 49° to 53° with respect to the angle of incidence of the light with a wavelength of from 640 nm to 660 nm.   
     
     
         64 . The security element according to  claim 55 , wherein,
 the color of the one or more motifs assigned to one or more virtual models changes when the substrate is tilted and/or rotated.   
     
     
         65 - 68 . (canceled) 
     
     
         69 . The security element according to  claim 55 , wherein the thin-film structure comprises a Fabry-Perot layer structure, the Fabry-Perot layer structure having at least one first semi-transparent absorber layer, at least one transparent spacer layer and at least one second semi-transparent absorber layer or an opaque reflective layer.