US2023291014A1PendingUtilityA1

Electrolyte for a metal-ion battery cell with high-capacity, micron-scale, volume-changing anode particles

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Assignee: SILA NANOTECHNOLOGIES INCPriority: Sep 12, 2017Filed: May 17, 2023Published: Sep 14, 2023
Est. expirySep 12, 2037(~11.1 yrs left)· nominal 20-yr term from priority
Inventors:Gleb YushinAshleigh Ward
H01M 2300/0034H01M 2004/027H01M 2004/021H01M 10/4235H01M 10/0569H01M 10/0525Y02E60/10H01M 4/525H01M 2300/0037H01M 10/0567H01M 10/0568H01M 10/054H01M 4/134H01M 4/386
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Claims

Abstract

In an embodiment, a metal-ion battery cell comprises an anode electrode, a cathode electrode, a separator, and electrolyte ionically coupling the anode electrode and the cathode electrode. The anode electrode is a high-capacity electrode (e.g., in the range of about 2 mAh/cm 2 to about 10 mAh/cm 2 ). The electrolyte includes a solvent composition, the solvent composition including low-melting point (LMP) solvent(s) in the range from about 10 vol. % to about 80 vol. % of the solvent composition as well as regular-melting point (RMP) solvent(s) in the range from about 20 vol. % to about 90 vol. % of the solvent composition.

Claims

exact text as granted — not AI-modified
1 . A Li-ion battery cell, comprising:
 an anode electrode comprising anode particles including an active material and having an average particle size in a range of about 0.2 microns to about 20 microns, the active material comprising silicon;   a cathode electrode;   a separator electrically separating the anode electrode and the cathode electrode; and   an electrolyte ionically coupling the anode electrode and the cathode electrode,   wherein:   the electrolyte comprises LiPF 6  and an electrolyte solvent composition;   the electrolyte solvent composition comprises one or more esters;   the one or more esters have a melting point in a range from about −140° C. to less than about −60° C.;   an average number of carbon atoms per molecule of the one or more esters ranges between 4 to 7.   
     
     
         2 . The Li-ion battery cell of  claim 1 , wherein a capacity loading of the anode electrode is in a range of 2 mAh/cm 2  to 10 mAh/cm 2 . 
     
     
         3 . The Li-ion battery cell of  claim 1 , wherein the average number of carbon atoms per molecule of the one or more esters ranges between 5 and 6. 
     
     
         4 . The Li-ion battery cell of  claim 1 , wherein the one or more esters comprise a linear ester and/or a cyclic ester. 
     
     
         5 . The Li-ion battery cell of  claim 1 , wherein at least one of the one or more esters is fluorinated and/or sulfonated. 
     
     
         6 . The Li-ion battery of  claim 1 , wherein the one or more esters comprise an ester with a side branch. 
     
     
         7 . The Li-ion battery cell of  claim 1 , wherein the one or more esters comprise two or more esters of a same chemical formula and different molecular structures. 
     
     
         8 . The Li-ion battery cell of  claim 1 , wherein at least one ester from the one or more esters is selected from: ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, methyl butyrate, and ethyl butyrate. 
     
     
         9 . The Li-ion battery cell of  claim 1 , wherein a number of carbon atoms per molecule of the one or more esters differs by no more than 3. 
     
     
         10 . The Li-ion battery cell of  claim 1 , wherein the one or more esters comprises two or more esters with chemical formulas of C 5 H 10 O 2 , C 6 H 12 O 2 , and/or C 7 H 14 O 2 . 
     
     
         11 . The Li-ion battery cell of  claim 1 , wherein a volume fraction of the one or more esters in the electrolyte solvent composition is in a range of about 20 vol. % to about 70 vol. %. 
     
     
         12 . The Li-ion battery cell of  claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte solvent composition comprises an anhydride. 
     
     
         13 . The Li-ion battery cell of  claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte solvent composition comprises an ether. 
     
     
         14 . The Li-ion battery cell of  claim 13 , wherein the ether comprises a fluorinated ether. 
     
     
         15 . The Li-ion battery cell of  claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte solvent composition comprises at least one at least partially fluorinated solvent, the at least one at least partially fluorinated solvent being a volume fraction of the electrolyte solvent composition in a range from about 1 to about 30 vol. %. 
     
     
         16 . The Li-ion battery cell of  claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte solvent composition comprises a regular-melting point solvent composition, wherein the regular-melting point solvent composition has a melting point in a range from about −60° C. to about +30° C. 
     
     
         17 . The Li-ion battery cell of  claim 16 , wherein the regular-melting point solvent composition comprises a fluorinated cyclic carbonate. 
     
     
         18 . The Li-ion battery cell of  claim 17 , wherein the fluorinated cyclic carbonate is fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and a volume fraction of FEC in the electrolyte solvent composition ranges between 1 vol. % and 30 vol. %. 
     
     
         19 . The Li-ion battery cell of  claim 16 , wherein the regular-melting point solvent composition comprises one or more cyclic carbonates. 
     
     
         20 . The Li-ion battery cell of  claim 19 , wherein the one or more cyclic carbonates comprise vinylene carbonate (VC) and/or vinyl ethylene carbonate (VEC) and a volume fraction of the VC and/or the VEC in the electrolyte solvent composition ranges between about 0.1 vol. % and about 5 vol. %. 
     
     
         21 . The Li-ion battery cell of  claim 19 , wherein the one or more cyclic carbonates comprise propylene carbonate (PC) and/or ethylene carbonate (EC). 
     
     
         22 . The Li-ion battery cell of  claim 16 , wherein the regular-melting point solvent composition comprises one or more linear carbonates and a volume fraction of the one or more linear carbonates in the electrolyte solvent composition ranges between 5 vol. % and 60 vol. %. 
     
     
         23 . The Li-ion battery cell of  claim 22 , wherein the average number of all atoms per molecule of the one or more linear carbonates ranges between 12 and 26. 
     
     
         24 . The Li-ion battery cell of  claim 22 , wherein the one or more linear carbonates comprise a carbonate having 18 atoms per molecule, the carbonate being diethyl carbonate (DEC). 
     
     
         25 . The Li-ion battery cell of  claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte solvent composition comprises a nitrile and/or a dinitrile, at a volume fraction of less than about 5 vol. % of the electrolyte solvent composition. 
     
     
         26 . The Li-ion battery cell of  claim 1 , wherein the anode particles have a specific surface area in a range of about 0.5 m 2 /g to about 50 m 2 /g. 
     
     
         27 . The Li-ion battery cell of  claim 1 , wherein a total salt concentration in the electrolyte ranges between about 1.2 M and about 1.8 M. 
     
     
         28 . The Li-ion battery cell of  claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte additionally comprises SO 2 FN − (Li + )SO 2 F (LiFSI), a ratio of a molar fraction of LiPF 6  to LiFSI being in a range from around 100:1 to around 1:1.

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