Anti-Oncogenic Phytochemicals and Methods and Uses for Treating Cancer

Abstract

The present specification discloses one or more anti-oncogenic phytochemicals, extracts, pharmaceutical compositions and medicaments comprising one or more anti-oncogenic phytochemicals disclosed herein, methods of preparing extracts, pharmaceutical compositions and medicaments comprising one or more anti-oncogenic phytochemicals, extracts, pharmaceutical compositions and medicaments comprising one or more anti-oncogenic phytochemicals prepared according to methods disclosed herein, and methods and uses for treating a neoplasm or a cancer using one or more anti-oncogenic phytochemicals as well as extracts, pharmaceutical compositions and medicaments comprising one or more anti-oncogenic phytochemicals disclosed herein.

1 . A method of treating a cancer in an individual, the method comprising administering a pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more anti-oncogenic phytochemicals, wherein the one or more anti-oncogenic phytochemicals comprise one or more compounds of chemical formula I: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R 1  is independently selected from H, CH 3  or C 2 H 5  or is not present; R 2  is independently selected from H, CH 3  or C 2 H 5  or is not present; provided that when R 1  is not present, R 2  is selected from H, CH 3  or C 2 H 5  and when R 2  is not present R 1  is selected from H, CH 3  or C 2 H 5 ; R 3  is a C 4-40  straight or branched chain, alkyl or alkylene and optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from CH 3 , OH, SH, NH 2 , OMe, OEt, N(H)Me and NMe 2 ; and X is independently selected from CH 3 , OH, SH, NH 2 , OMe, OEt, N(H)Me, and NMe 2 . 
       
     
     
         2 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein R 3  is a C 8-36  straight or branched chain, alkyl or alkylene and optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from CH 3 , OH, SH, NH 2 , OMe, OEt, N(H)Me and NMe 2 , or wherein R 3  is a C 10-30  straight or branched chain, alkyl or alkylene and optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from CH 3 , OH, SH, NH 2 , OMe, OEt, N(H)Me and NMe 2 , or R 3  that is a C 12-28  straight or branched chain, alkyl or alkylene and optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from CH 3 , OH, SH, NH 2 , OMe, OEt, N(H)Me and NMe 2 . 
     
     
         3 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein R 3  is a C 4-40  straight or branched chain, alkyl or alkylene, or wherein R 3  is a C 8-36  straight or branched chain, alkyl or alkylene, or wherein R 3  is a C 10-30  straight or branched chain, alkyl or alkylene, or wherein R 3  is a C 12-28  straight or branched chain, alkyl or alkylene. 
     
     
         4 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein R 3  is a C 4-40  straight chain alkyl or alkylene and optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from CH 3 , C 2 H 5 , OH, SH, NH 2 , OMe, OEt, N(H)Me and NMe 2 , or wherein R 3  that is a C 8-36  straight chain alkyl or alkylene and optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from CH 3 , C 2 H 5 , OH, SH, NH 2 , OMe, OEt, N(H)Me and NMe 2 , or wherein provides an R 3  is a C 10-30  straight chain alkyl or alkylene and optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from CH 3 , C 2 H 5 , OH, SH, NH 2 , OMe, OEt, N(H)Me and NMe 2 , or wherein R 3  is a C 12-28  straight chain alkyl or alkylene and optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from CH 3 , C 2 H 5 , OH, SH, NH 2 , OMe, OEt, N(H)Me and NMe 2 . 
     
     
         5 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the one or more compounds comprise one or more compounds of chemical formula II: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R 1  is independently selected from H, CH 3  or C 2 H 5  or is not present; R 2  is independently selected from H, CH 3  or C 2 H 5  or is not present; provided that when R 1  is not present, R 2  is selected from H, CH 3  or C 2 H 5  and when R 2  is not present R 1  is selected from H, CH 3  or C 2 H 5 ; n is an integer between 4 and 40; and X is independently selected from CH 3 , OH, SH, NH 2 , OMe, OEt, N(H)Me, and NMe 2 . 
       
     
     
         6 . The method of  claim 5 , wherein n is an integer between 8 and 36, or wherein n is an integer between 10 and 30, or wherein n is an integer between 12 and 28. 
     
     
         7 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein one or more compounds comprise (2E)-21-Hydroxy-2-henicosenoic acid or a derivative thereof, or 21-Hydroxyhenicosanoic acid or a derivative thereof. 
     
     
         8 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the cancer is a solid malignant neoplasm or a non-solid malignant neoplasm. 
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the cancer is a carcinoma, a sarcoma, a lymphoma, a leukemia or a blastoma. 
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the cancer is a primary cancer or a metastatic cancer of a bone tissue, a breast tissue, a brain tissue, a blood tissue, an endocrine tissue, an eye tissue, a gastrointestinal tissue, a genitourinary tissue, a gynecological tissue, a hematopoietic tissue, a muscle tissue, a neuronal tissue, a skin tissue, a thoracic tissue. 
     
     
         11 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the cancer is a bile duct cancer, a bladder cancer, a bone cancer, a breast cancer, a brain cancer, a colon cancer, an eye cancer, an esophageal cancer, a gastric cancer, a kidney cancer, a leukemia, a liver cancer, a lung cancer, a lymphoma, a muscle cancer, a neuronal cancer, an oral cancer, an ovarian cancer, a pancreatic cancer, a rectal cancer, a skin cancer, a small intestine cancer, a testicular cancer, a thyroid cancer, a uterine cancer, a vaginal cancer. 
     
     
         12 . A pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more anti-oncogenic phytochemicals produced by a method comprising:
 a) preparing a macerate comprising a solvent and a plant material from one or more plant species belonging to the family Asteraceae;   b) incubating the macerate for a period of time in order to solubilize the one or more anti-oncogenic phytochemicals; and   c) purifying the macerate to produce the pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more anti-oncogenic phytochemicals,   wherein the one or more anti-oncogenic phytochemicals comprise one or more compounds of chemical formula I:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R 1  is independently selected from H, CH 3  or C 2 H 5  or is not present; R 2  is independently selected from H, CH 3  or C 2 H 5  or is not present; provided that when R 1  is not present, R 2  is selected from H, CH 3  or C 2 H 5  and when R 2  is not present R 1  is selected from H, CH 3  or C 2 H 5 ; R 3  is a C 4-40  straight or branched chain, alkyl or alkylene and optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from CH 3 , OH, SH, NH 2 , OMe, OEt, N(H)Me and NMe 2 ; and X is independently selected from CH 3 , OH, SH, NH 2 , OMe, OEt, N(H)Me, and NMe 2 . 
       
     
     
         13 . The pharmaceutical composition of  claim 12 , wherein prior to step (a) the method further comprises a step of processing the plant material from the one or more plant species. 
     
     
         14 . The pharmaceutical composition of  claim 8 , wherein prior to step of processing the plant material, the method further comprises a step of collecting one or more plants of the one or more plant species. 
     
     
         15 . The pharmaceutical composition of  claim 12 , wherein R 3  is a C 8-36  straight or branched chain, alkyl or alkylene and optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from CH 3 , OH, SH, NH 2 , OMe, OEt, N(H)Me and NMe 2 , or wherein R 3  is a C 10-30  straight or branched chain, alkyl or alkylene and optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from CH 3 , OH, SH, NH 2 , OMe, OEt, N(H)Me and NMe 2 , or R 3  that is a C 12-28  straight or branched chain, alkyl or alkylene and optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from CH 3 , OH, SH, NH 2 , OMe, OEt, N(H)Me and NMe 2 . 
     
     
         16 . The pharmaceutical composition of  claim 8 , wherein R 3  is a C 4-40  straight or branched chain, alkyl or alkylene, or wherein R 3  is a C 8-36  straight or branched chain, alkyl or alkylene, or wherein R 3  is a C 10-30  straight or branched chain, alkyl or alkylene, or wherein R 3  is a C 12-28  straight or branched chain, alkyl or alkylene. 
     
     
         17 . The pharmaceutical composition of  claim 12 , wherein R 3  is a C 4-40  straight chain alkyl or alkylene and optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from CH 3 , C 2 H 5 , OH, SH, NH 2 , OMe, OEt, N(H)Me and NMe 2 , or wherein R 3  that is a C 8-36  straight chain alkyl or alkylene and optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from CH 3 , C 2 H 5 , OH, SH, NH 2 , OMe, OEt, N(H)Me and NMe 2 , or wherein provides an R 3  is a C 10-30  straight chain alkyl or alkylene and optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from CH 3 , C 2 H 5 , OH, SH, NH 2 , OMe, OEt, N(H)Me and NMe 2 , or wherein R 3  is a C 12-28  straight chain alkyl or alkylene and optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from CH 3 , C 2 H 5 , OH, SH, NH 2 , OMe, OEt, N(H)Me and NMe 2 . 
     
     
         18 . The pharmaceutical composition of  claim 12 , wherein the one or more compounds comprise one or more compounds of chemical formula II: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R 1  is independently selected from H, CH 3  or C 2 H 5  or is not present; R 2  is independently selected from H, CH 3  or C 2 H 5  or is not present; provided that when R 1  is not present, R 2  is selected from H, CH 3  or C 2 H 5  and when R 2  is not present R 1  is selected from H, CH 3  or C 2 H 5 ; n is an integer between 4 and 40; and X is independently selected from CH 3 , OH, SH, NH 2 , OMe, OEt, N(H)Me, and NMe 2 . 
       
     
     
         19 . The pharmaceutical composition of  claim 18 , wherein n is an integer between 8 and 36, or wherein n is an integer between 10 and 30, or wherein n is an integer between 12 and 28. 
     
     
         20 . The pharmaceutical composition of  claim 12 , wherein one or more compounds comprise (2E)-21-Hydroxy-2-henicosenoic acid or a derivative thereof, or 21-Hydroxyhenicosanoic acid or a derivative thereof.