Fuels And Fuel Additives That Have High Biogenic Content Derived From Renewable Organic Feedstock

Abstract

Fuel and fuel additives can be produced by processes that provide Fischer-Tropsch liquids having high biogenic carbon concentrations of up to about 100% biogenic carbon. The fuels and fuel additive have essentially the same high biogenic concentration as the Fischer-Tropsch liquids which, in turn, contain the same concentration of biogenic carbon as the feedstock.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A system for producing high biogenic carbon concentration Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) liquids derived from municipal solid wastes (MSW) processed feedstock that contain a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (carbon derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (from fossil sources of carbon) along with other non-carbonaceous materials, wherein the Fischer Tropsch derived liquids have the following carbons characteristics:
 Typical Carbon Distribution: MFTL:C4 - C26 HFTL C7 - C102   Typical Carbon Distribution for Combined Material:
                                 Min   Max     C4-C09       0.087   0.23     C10-C19       0.18   0.36     C20-C29       0.17   0.22     C30-C39       0.09   0.11     C40+       0.07   0.18     +C10   >   0.70.                             
 wherein the system comprises: 
   a) a bio-refinery for converting the processed feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids while maintaining the relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon and the relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon from the renewable feedstock;   b) within the bio-refinery, a gasification island (GI) that provides at least gasification and sub-stoichiometric oxidation of the processed feedstock that contain a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon, wherein the GI receives:
 the processed feedstock and produces syngas containing CO, H 2 , H 2 O and CO 2 : 
 receives recycled hydrocarbon products and intermediate products to recover the biogenic carbon by the hydrocarbon reforming of the biogenic compounds; and 
 receives recycled CO2. 
   
     
     
         2 . A system according to  claim 1  further including a syngas conditioning system and an F-T reactor that receives syngas from the syngas conditioning system. 
     
     
         3 . A system according to  claim 2  wherein the syngas conditioning system provides the CO 2  recycle to the Gasification Island. 
     
     
         4 . A system according to  claim 1  wherein the F-T reactor provides FT liquids, including a heavy FT liquid fraction (HFTL) and a medium liquid fraction MFTL, and F-T tailgas. 
     
     
         5 . A system according to  claim 4  wherein the F-T tailgas is recycled to the F-T reactor. 
     
     
         6 . A system according to  claim 4  further including a hydrocracker for receiving the F-T liquids. 
     
     
         7 . A system according to  claim 6  further including a fractionator for receiving heavy crackate and light crackate from the hydrocracker. 
     
     
         8 . A system according to  claim 7  wherein the fractionator provides the recycled high biogenic hydrocarbon products. 
     
     
         9 . A system according to  claim 8  wherein the fractionator provides the high biogenic concentration of SPK or of Naphtha or of Diesel or of a combination of all three. 
     
     
         10 . A system for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids according to  claim 1  wherein said liquids includes fuels. 
     
     
         11 . A system for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids according to  claim 10  wherein said liquids includes diesel fuel. 
     
     
         12 . A system for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids according to  claim 10  wherein said liquids include synthetic paraffinic kerosene (SPK). 
     
     
         13 . A system for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids according to  claim 10  wherein said liquids include naphtha. 
     
     
         14 . A system for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids according to  claim 10  wherein in said liquids include at least naphtha, diesel fuel and synthetic paraffinic kerosene (SPK). 
     
     
         15 . A system for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids according to  claim 10  wherein CO, H 2  and CO 2  are recycled along with the recycled selected hydrocarbon products including naphtha and methane. 
     
     
         16 . A system for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids according to  claim 15  wherein the recycled selected hydrocarbon products and intermediate products include tail gas from the Fischer-Tropsch process. 
     
     
         17 . A system for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids according to  claim 15  wherein high biogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) produced in the process is removed from the gas streams and a portion of the CO 2  is recycled to the gasification system.