Acute cerebrospinal fluid management implant

Abstract

An implant includes a cannula. The cannula defines an axial drainage bore and a plurality of radial openings providing a path of fluid communication between an exterior of the cannula and the axial drainage bore to drain fluid. The implant also includes a first sensor positioned at least partially in the cannula. The first sensor is configured to measure a biomarker in the fluid. The implant also includes a second sensor positioned at least partially in the cannula. The second sensor is configured to measure a pressure of the fluid. The implant also includes a third sensor positioned at least partially in the cannula. The third sensor is configured to measure a temperature of the fluid.

1 . An implant, comprising:
 a cannula defining:
 an axial drainage bore; and 
 a plurality of radial openings providing a path of fluid communication between an exterior of the cannula and the axial drainage bore to drain fluid; 
   a first sensor positioned at least partially in the cannula, wherein the first sensor is configured to measure a biomarker in the fluid;   a second sensor positioned at least partially in the cannula, wherein the second sensor is configured to measure a pressure of the fluid; and   a third sensor positioned at least partially in the cannula, wherein the third sensor is configured to measure a temperature of the fluid.   
     
     
         2 . (canceled) 
     
     
         3 . (canceled) 
     
     
         4 . (canceled) 
     
     
         5 . The implant of  claim 4 , wherein the transmitted light has a wavelength that substantially matches a peak wavelength of an intrathecal optical absorption of the biomarker. 
     
     
         6 . (canceled) 
     
     
         7 . The implant of  claim 1 , wherein the second sensor comprises an extrinsic interferometer that is configured to measure a phase shift of light due to deflection of a diaphragm located at a tip of the second sensor, and wherein the pressure is determined based at least partially upon the phase shift. 
     
     
         8 . The implant of  claim 1 , wherein the implant is configured to modify a medication provided to a patient into which the implant is implanted based at least partially upon the measured biomarker, and wherein the medication affects an oxygenation level of the patient. 
     
     
         9 . The implant of  claim 1 , wherein the implant is configured to modify an amount of the fluid that is drained via the axial drainage bore based at least partially upon the measured pressure. 
     
     
         10 . The implant of  claim 1 , wherein the implant is configured to modify a temperature of the fluid based at least partially upon the measured temperature. 
     
     
         11 . A system, comprising:
 an acute cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) management implant configured to be implanted at least partially into a subarachnoid space in a body during spinal decompression and stabilization surgery, the implant comprising:
 a cannula defining:
 an axial drainage bore; 
 a plurality of radial openings providing a path of fluid communication between an exterior of the cannula and the axial drainage bore to drain the CSF in the subarachnoid space to adjust an intrathecal pressure, a perfusion, or both; and 
 a plurality of axial sensor bores positioned radially outward from the axial drainage bore; 
 
 an evanescent wave spectrophotometer positioned at least partially in the cannula, the spectrophotometer comprising:
 a light source configured to transmit light having a wavelength that substantially matches a peak wavelength of an intrathecal optical absorption of biomarker; 
 a beam splitter, a directional coupler, or both configured to separate the transmitted light from received light, wherein absorbed light is equal to the transmitted light minus the received light; and 
 a first fiber optic sensor positioned at least partially in a first of the axial sensor bores, wherein the first fiber optic sensor is configured to measure the absorbed light, which is used to determine a chemical concentration of the CSF without altering the chemical concentration of the CSF, and wherein the chemical concentration of the CSF is used to determine the intrathecal optical absorption of biomarker; 
 
 a second fiber optic sensor positioned at least partially in a second of the axial sensor bores, wherein the second fiber optic sensor comprises an extrinsic interferometer that is configured to measure a phase shift of the transmitted light due to deflection of a diaphragm located at a tip of the second fiber optic sensor, wherein the phase shift is used to determine the intrathecal pressure; and 
 a third fiber optic sensor positioned at least partially in a third of the axial sensor bores, wherein the third fiber optic sensor comprises an internal Bragg grating that is configured to measure an intrathecal temperature; and 
   a controller configured to be positioned outside of the body, wherein the controller is configured to:
 receive the intrathecal optical absorption of biomarker, the intrathecal pressure, and the intrathecal temperature; and 
 control the implant to adjust an amount of the CSF that drains based at least partially upon the intrathecal optical absorption of biomarker, the intrathecal pressure, the intrathecal temperature, or a combination thereof. 
   
     
     
         12 . The system of  claim 11 , wherein diameters of the axial sensor bores are smaller than a diameter of the axial drainage bore. 
     
     
         13 . The system of  claim 11 , wherein the axial sensor bores are circumferentially offset from one another around the axial drainage bore. 
     
     
         14 . The system of  claim 11 , wherein the controller is further configured to:
 determine when an acute phase of a spinal cord injury has ended and neurovascular autoregulation (NVAR) has been restored based at least partially upon the intrathecal optical absorption of biomarker, the intrathecal pressure, and the intrathecal temperature; and   indicate that the implant is ready to be removed from the subarachnoid space in response to the acute phase of the spinal cord injury ending.   
     
     
         15 . The system of  claim 11 , wherein the implant further comprises a cardiac-gated oscillatory balloon configured to adjust the perfusion. 
     
     
         16 . (canceled) 
     
     
         17 . (canceled) 
     
     
         18 . (canceled) 
     
     
         19 . (canceled) 
     
     
         20 . (canceled) 
     
     
         21 . A method for monitoring and treating an injury, the method comprising:
 measuring one or more parameters with one or more sensors, wherein the one or more sensors are positioned at least partially within an implant, wherein the implant is positioned at least partially within a living body, and wherein the implant comprises a catheter that is configured to drain a fluid from a portion of the living body; and   controlling the one or more parameters based at least partially upon the one or more measured parameters.   
     
     
         22 . The method of  claim 21 , wherein the one or more parameters comprise a biomarker, a pressure, and a temperature. 
     
     
         23 . The method of  claim 21 , wherein the one or more sensors comprise:
 a light source configured to transmit light having a wavelength that substantially matches a peak wavelength of an optical absorption of the biomarker;   a separator configured to separate the transmitted light from received light, wherein absorbed light is equal to the transmitted light minus the received light; and   a first fiber optic sensor configured to measure the absorbed light, wherein a chemical concentration of the fluid is used to determine the optical absorption of the biomarker.   
     
     
         24 . The method of  claim 21 , whereon the one or more sensors comprise an extrinsic interferometer that is configured to measure a phase shift of transmitted light due to deflection of a diaphragm located at a tip of the one or more sensors, and wherein the phase shift is used to determine the pressure. 
     
     
         25 . The method of  claim 21 , wherein the one or more sensors comprise an internal Bragg grating that is configured to measure the temperature. 
     
     
         26 . The method of  claim 21 , wherein controlling the one or more parameters comprises controlling an amount, a rate, or both of the fluid that drains through the catheter based at least partially upon the one or more measured parameters, and wherein the one or more parameters comprises a pressure of the fluid. 
     
     
         27 . The method of  claim 26 , wherein the amount of fluid is controlled by actuating a valve that is located at least partially within the implant. 
     
     
         28 . The method of  claim 21 , wherein controlling the one or more parameters comprises controlling a medication that is given to the living body based at least partially upon the one or more measured parameters, and wherein the one or more parameters comprises biomarker in the fluid. 
     
     
         29 . The method of  claim 21 , wherein controlling the one or more parameters comprises controlling a medication that is given to the living body based at least partially upon the one or more measured parameters, and wherein the one or more parameters comprises an oxygenation level of the fluid. 
     
     
         30 . The method of  claim 21 , wherein controlling the one or more parameters comprises controlling a temperature of the fluid in the living body based at least partially upon the one or more measured parameters, and wherein the one or more parameters comprises the temperature of the fluid.