Wheat with increased resistant starch levels

Abstract

A series of independent human-induced non-transgenic mutations found at one or more of the SBEII genes of wheat; wheat plants having these mutations in one or more of their SBEII genes; and a method of creating and finding similar and/or additional mutations of SBEII by screening pooled and/or individual wheat plants. The seeds and flour from the wheat plants of the present invention exhibit an increase in amylose and resistant starch without having the inclusion of foreign nucleic acids in their genomes. Additionally, the wheat plants of the present invention exhibit altered SBEII activity without having the inclusion of foreign nucleic acids in their genomes.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . Flour made from a wheat grain, wherein the wheat grain is harvested from a wheat plant of the species  Triticum aestivum  comprising one or more homozygous mutations in both SBEIIa alleles of each SBEIIa gene of the A, B, and D genomes, or
 one or more homozygous mutations in both SBEIIa alleles of each SBEIIa gene of the A, B, and D genomes and one or more homozygous mutations in both SBEIIb alleles of one or more of the SBEIIb genes of the A, B, and D genomes, selected from:   (i) the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the A genome is G472E at a position corresponding to G472 of SEQ ID NO:2; the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the B genome is W436* at a position corresponding to W436 of SEQ ID NO:4; the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the D genome is W432* at a position corresponding to W432 of SEQ ID NO:6; and the one or more mutations in the SBEIIb gene of the A genome is W285* at a position corresponding to W285 of SEQ ID NO:8;   (ii) the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the A genome is W436* at a position corresponding to W436 of SEQ ID NO:2; the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the B genome is W436* at a position corresponding to W436 of SEQ ID NO:4; and the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the D genome is W432* at a position corresponding to W432 of SEQ ID NO:6;   (iii) the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the A genome is W436* at a position corresponding to W436 of SEQ ID NO:2; the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the B genome is G467E at a position corresponding to G467 of SEQ ID NO:4; the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the D genome is W432* at a position corresponding to W432 of SEQ ID NO:6; and the one or more mutations in the SBEIIb gene of the B genome is R325W at a position corresponding to R325 of SEQ ID NO:10;   (iv) the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the A genome is W436* at a position corresponding to W436 of SEQ ID NO:2; the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the B genome is W446* at a position corresponding to W446 of SEQ ID NO:4; and the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the D genome is W442* at a position corresponding to W442 of SEQ ID NO:6;   (v) the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the A genome is W436* at a position corresponding to W436 of SEQ ID NO:2; the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the B genome is W436* at a position corresponding to W436 of SEQ ID NO:4; the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the D genome is W432* at a position corresponding to W432 of SEQ ID NO:6; and the one or more mutations in the SBEIIb gene of the A genome is W285* at a position corresponding to W285 of SEQ ID NO:8;   (vi) the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the A genome is W436* at a position corresponding to W436 of SEQ ID NO:2; the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the B genome is W436* at a position corresponding to W436 of SEQ ID NO:4; the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the D genome is W432* at a position corresponding to W432 of SEQ ID NO:6; the one or more mutations in the SBEIIb gene of the B genome is G1916A at a position corresponding to G1916 of SEQ ID NO:9; and the one or more mutations in the SBEIIb gene of the D genome is W233* at a position corresponding to W233 of SEQ ID NO:12;   (vii) the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the A genome is W436* at a position corresponding to W436 of SEQ ID NO:2; the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the B genome is W436* at a position corresponding to W436 of SEQ ID NO:4; the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the D genome is W432* at a position corresponding to W432 of SEQ ID NO:6; the one or more mutations in the SBEIIb gene of the A genome is W285* at a position corresponding to W285 of SEQ ID NO:8; and the one or more mutations in the SBEIIb gene of the B genome is G1916A at a position corresponding to G1916 of SEQ ID NO:9;   (viii) the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the A genome is W436* at a position corresponding to W436 of SEQ ID NO:2; the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the B genome is W436* at a position corresponding to W436 of SEQ ID NO:4; the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the D genome is W432* at a position corresponding to W432 of SEQ ID NO:6; the one or more mutations in the SBEIIb gene of the A genome is W285* at a position corresponding to W285 of SEQ ID NO:8; and the one or more mutations in the SBEIIb gene of the D genome is W233* at a position corresponding to W233 of SEQ ID NO:12;   (ix) the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the A genome is W436* at a position corresponding to W436 of SEQ ID NO:2; the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the B genome is W436* at a position corresponding to W436 of SEQ ID NO:4; the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the D genome is W432* at a position corresponding to W432 of SEQ ID NO:6; the one or more mutations in the SBEIIb gene of the A genome is W285* at a position corresponding to W285 of SEQ ID NO:8; the one or more mutations in the SBEIIb gene of the B genome is G1916A at a position corresponding to G1916 of SEQ ID NO:9; and the one or more mutations in the SBEIIb gene of the D genome is W233* at a position corresponding to W233 of SEQ ID NO:12; and   (x) the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the A genome is G472E at a position corresponding to G472 of SEQ ID NO:2; the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the B genome is G472E at a position corresponding to G472 of SEQ ID NO:4; the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the D genome is W432* at a position corresponding to W432 of SEQ ID NO:6; and the one or more mutations in the SBEIIb gene of the A genome is W285* at a position corresponding to W285 of SEQ ID NO:8;   wherein * indicates a stop codon;   wherein the wheat plant produces wheat grain that germinates; and   wherein the wheat grain from the wheat plant has an increased amylose level as compared to wheat grain from a wild type wheat plant.   
     
     
         2 . Purified starch from the flour of  claim 1 . 
     
     
         3 . A food comprising the flour of  claim 1 . 
     
     
         4 . A beverage product comprising the flour of  claim 1 . 
     
     
         5 . A method of making a wheat grain, said method comprising:
 (a) obtaining a wheat plant of the species  Triticum aestivum  comprising one or more homozygous mutations in both SBEIIa alleles of each SBEIIa gene of the A, B, and D genomes or   one or more homozygous mutations in both SBEIIa alleles of each SBEIIa gene of the A, B, and D genomes and one or more homozygous mutations in both SBEIIb alleles of one or more of the SBEIIb genes of the A, B, or D genomes, selected from:
 (i) the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the A genome is G472E at a position corresponding to G472 of SEQ ID NO:2; the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the B genome is W436* at a position corresponding to W436 of SEQ ID NO:4; the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the D genome is W432* at a position corresponding to W432 of SEQ ID NO:6; and the one or more mutations in the SBEIIb gene of the A genome is W285* at a position corresponding to W285 of SEQ ID NO:8; 
 (ii) the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the A genome is W436* at a position corresponding to W436 of SEQ ID NO:2; the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the B genome is W436* at a position corresponding to W436 of SEQ ID NO:4; and the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the D genome is W432* at a position corresponding to W432 of SEQ ID NO:6; 
 (iii) the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the A genome is W436* at a position corresponding to W436 of SEQ ID NO:2; the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the B genome is G467E at a position corresponding to G467 of SEQ ID NO:4; the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the D genome is W432* at a position corresponding to W432 of SEQ ID NO:6; and the one or more mutations in the SBEIIb gene of the B genome is R325W at a position corresponding to R325 of SEQ ID NO:10; 
 (iv) the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the A genome is W436* at a position corresponding to W436 of SEQ ID NO:2; the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the B genome is W446* at a position corresponding to W446 of SEQ ID NO:4; and the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the D genome is W442* at a position corresponding to W442 of SEQ ID NO:6; 
 (v) the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the A genome is W436* at a position corresponding to W436 of SEQ ID NO:2; the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the B genome is W436* at a position corresponding to W436 of SEQ ID NO:4; the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the D genome is W432* at a position corresponding to W432 of SEQ ID NO:6; and the one or more mutations in the SBEIIb gene of the A genome is W285* at a position corresponding to W285 of SEQ ID NO:8; 
 (vi) the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the A genome is W436* at a position corresponding to W436 of SEQ ID NO:2; the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the B genome is W436* at a position corresponding to W436 of SEQ ID NO:4; the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the D genome is W432* at a position corresponding to W432 of SEQ ID NO:6; the one or more mutations in the SBEIIb gene of the B genome is G1916A at a position corresponding to G1916 of SEQ ID NO:9; and the one or more mutations in the SBEIIb gene of the D genome is W233* at a position corresponding to W233 of SEQ ID NO:12; 
 (vii) the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the A genome is W436* at a position corresponding to W436 of SEQ ID NO:2; the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the B genome is W436* at a position corresponding to W436 of SEQ ID NO:4; the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the D genome is W432* at a position corresponding to W432 of SEQ ID NO:6; the one or more mutations in the SBEIIb gene of the A genome is W285* at a position corresponding to W285 of SEQ ID NO:8; and the one or more mutations in the SBEIIb gene of the B genome is G1916A at a position corresponding to G1916 of SEQ ID NO:9; 
 (viii) the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the A genome is W436* at a position corresponding to W436 of SEQ ID NO:2; the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the B genome is W436* at a position corresponding to W436 of SEQ ID NO:4; the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the D genome is W432* at a position corresponding to W432 of SEQ ID NO:6; the one or more mutations in the SBEIIb gene of the A genome is W285* at a position corresponding to W285 of SEQ ID NO:8; and the one or more mutations in the SBEIIb gene of the D genome is W233* at a position corresponding to W233 of SEQ ID NO:12; 
 (ix) the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the A genome is W436* at a position corresponding to W436 of SEQ ID NO:2; the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the B genome is W436* at a position corresponding to W436 of SEQ ID NO:4; the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the D genome is W432* at a position corresponding to W432 of SEQ ID NO:6; the one or more mutations in the SBEIIb gene of the A genome is W285* at a position corresponding to W285 of SEQ ID NO:8; the one or more mutations in the SBEIIb gene of the B genome is G1916A at a position corresponding to G1916 of SEQ ID NO:9; and the one or more mutations in the SBEIIb gene of the D genome is W233* at a position corresponding to W233 of SEQ ID NO:12; and 
 (x) the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the A genome is G472E at a position corresponding to G472 of SEQ ID NO:2; the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the B genome is G472E at a position corresponding to G472 of SEQ ID NO:4; the one or more mutations in the SBEIIa gene of the D genome is W432* at a position corresponding to W432 of SEQ ID NO:6; and the one or more mutations in the SBEIIb gene of the A genome is W285* at a position corresponding to W285 of SEQ ID NO:8; 
   wherein * indicates a stop codon;   wherein the wheat plant produces wheat grain that germinates; and   wherein the wheat grain from the wheat plant has an increased amylose level as compared to wheat grain from a wild type wheat plant; and   (b) harvesting wheat grain from the wheat plant.   
     
     
         6 . Flour comprising the wheat grain made according to  claim 5 . 
     
     
         7 . Purified starch from the flour of  claim 6 . 
     
     
         8 . A food comprising a component of the wheat grain made according to  claim 5 . 
     
     
         9 . A beverage product comprising a component of the wheat grain made according to  claim 5 .