Adaptive balancing for battery management

Abstract

A battery balancing system includes an energy balancing circuit. Multiple battery cells are coupled to the energy balancing circuit. A health assessment circuit is coupled to the multiple battery cells and configured to sense a state of health and a charge of each of the multiple battery cells. The balancing circuit switches energy between the multiple battery cells as a function of the sensed state of health and state of charge of each of the multiple battery cells to balance charge there between.

1 - 20 . (canceled) 
     
     
         21 . A battery balancing system comprising:
 a first battery module;   a second battery module; and   a controller communicatively coupled with the first battery module and the second battery module, wherein the controller is configured to:
 receive a health state and a charge state of at least each of the first battery module and the second battery module; 
 transfer a charge from the first battery module to the second battery module, wherein the first battery module has a higher charge than the second battery module; and 
 in response to identifying a modification in the health state of the first battery module and the second battery module during the transfer of the charge from the first battery module to the second battery module, modify, in real time, the amount of charge to be transferred from the first battery module to the second battery module. 
   
     
     
         22 . The battery balancing system of  claim 21 , wherein the first battery module and the second battery module include one or more sub-modules. 
     
     
         23 . The battery balancing system of  claim 21 , wherein the first battery module and the second battery module comprise an energy balancing circuit and a health assessment circuit. 
     
     
         24 . The battery balancing system of  claim 23 , wherein the controller is further configured to:
 determine the amount of charge and/or the modified amount of charge; and   control multiple switches to affect the transfer of the amount of charge and/or the modified amount of charge between the multiple battery modules.   
     
     
         25 . The battery balancing system of  claim 23 , wherein the energy balancing circuit switches energy using capacitive and/or inductive charge shuttling between the multiple battery modules. 
     
     
         26 . The battery balancing system of  claim 25 , wherein the energy balancing circuit is configured to use a table lookup based on the health state and the charge state to determine the amount of charge to be transferred between the first battery module and the second battery module. 
     
     
         27 . The battery balancing system of  claim 21 , wherein the first battery module and the second battery module comprise a health assessment circuit, wherein the health assessment circuit continuously senses the health state and the charge state of each of the first battery module and the second battery module, and wherein the health assessment circuit is configured to transmit the health state and the charge state to the controller. 
     
     
         28 . The battery balancing system of  claim 27 , wherein the health assessment circuit comprises an impedance spectroscopy circuit. 
     
     
         29 . The battery balancing system of  claim 27 , wherein the health assessment circuit comprises circuitry configured to perform an internal resistance measurement to determine the health state of each of the first battery module and the second battery module. 
     
     
         30 . The battery balancing system of  claim 27 , wherein the health assessment circuit comprises circuitry configured to perform charging discharging time measurements to determine the charge state of each of the first battery module and the second battery module. 
     
     
         31 . A computer implemented method comprising:
 receiving, by a health assessment circuit, a health state and a charge state for at least a first battery module and a second battery module;   calculating, by an energy balancing circuit, an amount of charge to be transferred from the first battery module, having a higher charge, to the second battery module, having a lower charge, based on the respective health states of the first battery module and the second battery module, wherein the amount of charge is determined such that the amount of charge does not exceed a maximum charge for the second battery module and a minimum charge for the first battery module when transferred from the first battery module to the second battery module; and   in response to identifying a modification in the health state of the first battery module and the second battery module during the transfer of the amount of charge from the first battery module to the second battery module, modifying, in real time, the amount of charge to be transferred from the first battery module to the second battery module,   wherein each of the first battery module and the second battery module comprise the health assessment circuit and the energy balancing circuit, and a controller communicatively coupled with the first battery module and the second battery module.   
     
     
         32 . The computer implemented method of  claim 31 , wherein the controller is configured to determine the amount of charge and/or the modified amount of charge; and control multiple switches to affect the transfer of the amount of charge and/or the modified amount of charge between multiple battery modules. 
     
     
         33 . The computer implemented method of  claim 31 , wherein the health state and the charge state of each of the first battery module and the second battery module is continuously received. 
     
     
         34 . The computer implemented method of  claim 31 , wherein the first battery module and the second battery module include the energy balancing circuit, and wherein the energy balancing circuit switches energy using capacitive and/or inductive charge shuttling between the multiple battery modules. 
     
     
         35 . The computer implemented method of  claim 31 , wherein the energy balancing circuit is configured to use a table lookup based on the health state and the charge state to determine the amount of charge to be transferred between the first battery module and the second battery module. 
     
     
         36 . The computer implemented method of  claim 31  wherein the received health state and the received charge state are measured by impedance spectroscopy. 
     
     
         37 . A device comprising:
 a processor; and   a memory device coupled to the processor and having a program stored thereon for execution by the processor to:
 receive, by a health assessment circuit, a health state and a charge state for at least a first battery module and a second battery module; 
 calculate, by an energy balancing circuit, an amount of charge to be transferred from the first battery module, having a higher charge, to the second battery module, having a lower charge, based on the respective health states of the first battery module and the second battery module, wherein the amount of charge is determined such that the amount of charge does not exceed a maximum charge for the second battery module and a minimum charge for the first battery module when transferred from the first battery module to the second battery module; and 
 in response to identifying a modification in the health state of the first battery module and the second battery module during the transfer of the amount of charge from the first battery module to the second battery module, modify, in real time, the amount of charge to be transferred from the first battery module to the second battery module, 
 wherein each of the first battery module and the second battery module comprise the health assessment circuit and the energy balancing circuit, and a controller communicatively coupled with the first battery module and the second battery module. 
   
     
     
         38 . The device of  claim 37 , wherein the controller is further configured to: determine the amount of charge and/or the modified amount of charge; and control multiple switches to affect the transfer of the amount of charge and/or the modified amount of charge between the multiple battery modules. 
     
     
         39 . The device of  claim 37 , wherein the health state and the charge state of each of the first battery module and the second battery module is continuously received. 
     
     
         40 . The device of  claim 37 , wherein the received health state and the received charge state are measured by impedance spectroscopy.