Aryloxy alkylamines as fuel additives for reducing injector fouling in direct injection spark ignition gasoline engine

Abstract

A fuel composition is described. The composition contains gasoline and an aryloxy alkylamine additive. The structure of the aryloxy alkylamine additive is given bywhere the aryloxy alkylamine additive is present in about 10 to about 750 ppm by weight based on total weight of the fuel composition. X is a hydrocarbyl group having 1 or 2 carbon atoms. R1 and R2 are independently hydrogen or substituted hydrocarbyl group having up to 36 carbon atoms.

1 . A fuel composition comprising:
 gasoline; and   aryloxy alkylamine additive having the following structure:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein the aryloxy alkylamine additive is present in about 10 to about 750 ppm by weight based on total weight of the fuel composition;
 wherein X is a hydrocarbyl group having 1 or 2 carbon atoms; and 
 wherein R 1  and R 2  are independently hydrogen or substituted hydrocarbyl group having up to 36 carbon atoms. 
 
       
     
     
         2 . The fuel composition of  claim 1 , wherein X is ethylene group. 
     
     
         3 . The fuel composition of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 a nitrogen-containing detergent.   
     
     
         4 . The fuel composition of  claim 3 , wherein the nitrogen-containing detergent is an aliphatic hydrocarbyl amine, hydrocarbyl-substituted poly(oxyalkylene)amine, hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimide, Mannich reaction product, nitro and amino aromatic ester of polyalkylphenoxyalkanol, or polyalkylphenoxyaminoalkane. 
     
     
         5 . The fuel composition of  claim 1 , further comprising antioxidants, metal deactivators, demulsifiers, oxygenates, antiknock agents, dispersants, pour point depressants, or flow improvers. 
     
     
         6 . The fuel composition of  claim 1 , wherein the aryloxy alkylamine is 2-(4-dodecylphenoxy)ethyl-1-amine, 2-(phenoxy)ethyl-1-amine, 2-(4-butylphenoxy)ethyl-1-amine, 2-(4-octylphenoxy)ethyl-1-amine, 2-(4-nonylphenoxy)ethyl-1-amine, 2-(4-octadecylphenoxy)ethyl-1-amine, 2-(4-eicosanylphenoxy)ethyl-1-amine, 2-(4-docosanylphencoxy)ethyl-1-amine, or 2-(4-tetracosanylphenoxy)ethyl-1-amine. 
     
     
         7 . A concentrate composition comprising:
 about 10 to 90 wt % of an organic solvent boiling in a range of from 65° C. to 205° C. and;   about 10 to 100 wt % of a fuel additive comprising:   an aryloxy alkylamine given by formula   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein X is a hydrocarbyl group having 1 or 2 carbon atoms; and
 wherein R 1  and R 2  are independently hydrogen or substituted hydrocarbyl group having up to 36 carbon atoms. 
 
       
     
     
         8 . The concentrate composition of  claim 7 , wherein X is ethylene group. 
     
     
         9 . The concentrate composition of  claim 7 , further comprising:
 a nitrogen-containing detergent.   
     
     
         10 . The concentrate composition of  claim 9 , wherein the nitrogen-containing detergent is an aliphatic hydrocarbyl amine, hydrocarbyl-substituted poly(oxyalkylene)amine, hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimide, Mannich reaction product, nitro and amino aromatic ester of polyalkylphenoxyalkanol, or polyalkylphenoxyaminoalkane. 
     
     
         11 . The concentrate composition of  claim 7 , wherein at least one of R 1  and R 2  is hydrogen. 
     
     
         12 . The concentrate composition of  claim 7 , wherein the aryloxy alkylamine is 2-(4-dodecylphenoxy)ethyl-1-amine, 2-(phenoxy)ethyl-1-amine, 2-(4-butylphenoxy)ethyl-1-amine, 2-(4-octylphenoxy)ethyl-1-amine, 2-(4-nonylphenoxy)ethyl-1-amine, 2-(4-octadecylphenoxy)ethyl-1-amine, 2-(4-eicosanylphenoxy)ethyl-1-amine, 2-(4-docosanylphenoxy)ethyl-1-amine, or 2-(4-tetracosanylphenoxy)ethyl-1-amine. 
     
     
         13 . A method of reducing injector fouling in a direct injection spark ignition gasoline engine comprising:
 providing a gasoline composition comprising:   aryloxy alkylamine additive having the following structure   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein the aryloxy alkylamine additive is present in about 10 to about 750 ppm by weight based on total weight of the fuel composition; 
         wherein X is a hydrocarbyl group having 1 or 2 carbon atoms; and 
         wherein R 1  and R 2  are independently hydrogen, substituted alkyl or alkenyl group having up to 36 carbon atoms. 
       
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 13 , wherein X is ethylene group. 
     
     
         15 . The method of  claim 13 , further comprising:
 a nitrogen-containing detergent.   
     
     
         16 . The method of  claim 13 , wherein the nitrogen-containing detergent is an aliphatic hydrocarbyl amine, hydrocarbyl-substituted poly(oxyalkylene)amine, hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimide, Mannich reaction product, nitro and amino aromatic ester of polyalkylphenoxyalkanol, or polyalkylphenoxyaminoalkane. 
     
     
         17 . The method of  claim 16 , further comprising antioxidants, metal deactivators, demulsifiers, oxygenates, antiknock agents, dispersants, pour point depressants, or flow improvers. 
     
     
         18 . The method of  claim 13 , wherein the aryloxy alkylamine is 2-(4-dodecylphenoxy)ethyl-1-amine, 2-(phenoxy)ethyl-1-amine, 2-(4-butylphenoxy)ethyl-1-amine, 2-(4-octylphenoxy)ethyl-1-amine, 2-(4-nonylphenoxy)ethyl-1-amine, 2-(4-octadecylphenoxy)ethyl-1-amine, 2-(4-eicosanylphenoxy)ethyl-1-amine, 2-(4-docosanylphenoxy)ethyl-1-amine, or 2-(4-tetracosanylphenoxy)ethyl-1-amine.