US2024199697A1PendingUtilityA1

Compositions for Colon Cleansing and the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Disorders

67
Assignee: IRONWOOD PHARMACEUTICALS INCPriority: May 1, 2015Filed: Jan 26, 2024Published: Jun 20, 2024
Est. expiryMay 1, 2035(~8.8 yrs left)· nominal 20-yr term from priority
Inventors:Mark G. CurrieRobert SolingaChristopher Leitheiser
A61P 15/08A61P 15/02A61P 13/10A61K 38/12C07K 7/08A61K 38/10A61K 45/06A61K 9/0053A61P 35/00A61P 1/10A61K 38/00A61K 9/0031
67
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Claims

Abstract

The present invention provides peptides and compositions that are useful for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders or for colon cleansing. The present invention also provides compositions and methods of treating gastrointestinal disorders and pharmaceutical compositions for accomplishing the same. In some embodiments, these pharmaceutical compositions include oral dosage forms.

Claims

exact text as granted — not AI-modified
What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A peptide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the peptide comprises the amino acid sequence
 Xaa 1  Xaa 2  Xaa 3  Xaa 4  Xaa 5  Xaa 6  Xaa 7  Xaa 8  Xaa 9  Xaa 10  Xaa 11  Xaa 12  Xaa 13  Xaa 14  Ala 15  Xaa 16  Xaa 17  Gly 18  Xaa 19  Xaa 20  Xaa 21  (SEQ ID NO: 1), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein   Xaa 1  is BE or is absent;   Xaa 2  is BK, Asn or is absent;   Xaa 3  is Asn, Ser or is absent;   Xaa 4  is Ser or is absent;   Xaa 5  is Ser, Asn, Ile, BE or is absent;   Xaa 6  is Tyr, Asp, 4-fluorophenylalanine ((4-F)Phe), BK or is absent;   Xaa 7  is Cys, cystathionine (Cth), allylglycine (Ag), Hag, or Asp;   Xaa 8  is Cys, cystathionine (Cth), penicillamine (Pen), or allylglycine (Ag);   Xaa 9  is Glu, Asp, Ser, Thr, or Gln;   Xaa 10  is Leu, cyclohexylalanine (Cha), Phe, or 4-fluorophenylalanine ((4-F)Phe);   Xaa 11  is Cys, Ag, or penicillamine (Pen);   Xaa 12  is Cys, allylglycine (Ag), Hag, Cth, Dpr, or Val;   Xaa 13  is Asn or Leu;   Xaa 14  is Pro, Val, sarcosine (Sar), Leu, or Hydroxyproline (OH-Pro);   Xaa 16  is Cys, Ag, Pen or Cth;   Xaa 17  is Tyr, Thr, cyclohexylalanine (Cha), 4-fluorophenylalanine ((4-F)Phe), Phe, Ser, or Ala;   Xaa 19  is Cys, Ag or Pen;   Xaa 20  is Tyr, Leu, 4-fluorophenylalanine ((4-F)Phe), cyclohexylalanine (Cha), D-Tyr, N-Methyl Tyr (Nme-Tyr) or is absent;   Xaa 21  is absent or Asn;   wherein at least one Xaa is BE, BK, (4-F)Phe, Cth, Ag, Hag, Pen, Cha, Sar, Dpr, or OH-Pro; and   
       wherein the peptide contains a covalent bond between Xaa 7  and Xaa 12 , Xaa 8  and Xaa 16  and Xaa 11  and Xaa 19 . 
     
     
         2 . The peptide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to  claim 1 , wherein the N-terminus is capped with acetic acid, pentenoic acid, biotin, 4-Mepip, C12 alkyl carboxylic acid, C14 alkyl carboxylic acid, C16 alkyl carboxylic acid, or C18 alkyl carboxylic acid. 
     
     
         3 . The peptide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of  claims 1 or 2 , wherein the C-terminus is amidated. 
     
     
         4 . The peptide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of  claims 1-3 , wherein
 Xaa 7  and Xaa 12  are both Ag and a dicarba bond is present between Ag 7  and Ag 12 ;   Xaa 7  and Xaa 12  are both Cys and a disulfide bond is present between Cys 7  and Cys 12 ;   Xaa 8  and Xaa 16  are both Cys and a disulfide bond is present between Cys 8  and Cys 16 ;   Xaa 7  is Cth and Xaa 12  is Cys and a bond is present between Cth 7  and Cys 12 ;   Xaa 8  is Cth and Xaa 16  is Cys and a bond is present between Cth 8  and Cys 16 ;   Xaa 11  and Xaa 19  are Cys and a disulfide bond is present between Cys 11  and Cys 19 ; or   any combination thereof.   
     
     
         5 . The peptide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of  claims 1-3 , wherein Xaa 7  is allylglycine, Cth or Cys. 
     
     
         6 . The peptide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of  claims 1-3 , wherein Xaa 8  is Cys or cystathionine. 
     
     
         7 . The peptide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of  claims 1-6 , wherein Xaa 9  is Glu. 
     
     
         8 . The peptide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of  claims 1-7 , wherein Xaa 10  is Leu. 
     
     
         9 . The peptide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of  claims 1-8 , wherein Xaa 12  is Cys or allylglycine. 
     
     
         10 . The peptide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of  claims 1-9 , wherein Xaa 14  is Val or Pro. 
     
     
         11 . The peptide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of  claims 1-10 , wherein Xaa 17  is Tyr or Thr. 
     
     
         12 . The peptide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of  claims 1-11 , wherein Xaa 20  is Tyr or is absent. 
     
     
         13 . The peptide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of  claims 1-12 , wherein Xaa 21  is absent. 
     
     
         14 . The peptide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to  claim 1 , wherein:
 Xaa 1  is absent;   Xaa 2  is absent;   Xaa 3  is absent;   Xaa 4  is absent;   Xaa 5  is absent;   Xaa 6  is absent;   Xaa 7  is Ag, Cys, or Cth;   Xaa 8  is Cys or Cth;   Xaa 9  is Glu;   Xaa 10  is Leu;   Xaa 12  is Ag or Cys;   Xaa 14  is Val or Pro;   Xaa 17  is Tyr or Thr; and   Xaa 20  is Tyr or is absent.   
     
     
         15 . The peptide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to  claim 13 , wherein the peptide comprises the amino acid sequence: 
       
         
           
                 
                 
               
                   (SEQ ID NO: 2) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 26) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 43) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 47) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 62) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Val Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 64) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cth Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 68) 
                     
                 
                   Ac-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 69) 
                     
                 
                   Ac-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 70) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                   or 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 71) 
                     
                 
                   Ac-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH. 
                     
                 
             
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
         16 . The peptide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to  claim 1 , wherein the peptide comprises the amino acid sequence: 
       
         
           
                 
                 
               
                   (SEQ ID NO: 2) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 3) 
                     
                 
                   C12-BE BK Asn Ser Ser Tyr Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 4) 
                     
                 
                   C16-BE BK Asn Ser Ser Tyr Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 5) 
                     
                 
                   C12-BE BK Asn Ser Ser Tyr Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   Thr Gly Cys Tyr-COOH; 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 6) 
                     
                 
                   C14-BE BK Asn Ser Ser Tyr Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   Thr Gly Cys Tyr-COOH; 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 7) 
                     
                 
                   C16-BE BK Asn Ser Ser Tyr Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   Thr Gly Cys Tyr-COOH; 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 8) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Ag Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Ag Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 9) 
                     
                 
                   H-Asn Asp Asp Ag Glu Leu Cys Val Asn Val Ala Ag Thr Gly Cys Leu- 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   NH 2 ; 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 10) 
                     
                 
                   H-Asn Asp Asp Cys Glu Leu Ag Val Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Ag Leu- 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   NH 2 ; 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 11) 
                     
                 
                   C18-BE BK Asn Ser Ser Tyr Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   Thr Gly Cys Tyr-COOH; 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 12) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 13) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Ala Gly Cys-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 14) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Phe Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 15) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu (4-F)Phe Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 16) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu (4-F)Phe Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 17) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu (4-F)Phe Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys (4-F)Phe- 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   NH 2 ; 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 18) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cys Glu Leu Ag Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Ag Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 19) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Phe Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 20) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Phe Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys (4-F)Phe-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 21) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cys Glu (4-F)Phe Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 22) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cys Glu (4-F)Phe Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys (4-F)Phe- 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   NH 2 ; 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 23) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys (4-F)Phe-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 24) 
                     
                 
                   H-(4-F)Phe Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys (4- 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   F)Phe-NH 2 ; 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 25) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Ala Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 26) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 27) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Phe Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 28) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys (4-F)Phe Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 29) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Leu-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 30) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Cha-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 31) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Cha Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 32) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys D-Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 33) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Pen Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Pen Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 34) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Leu Asn-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 35) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr Asn-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 36) 
                     
                 
                   H-Asp Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 37) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ile Asp Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr- 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   NH 2 ; 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 38) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn OH-Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 39) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn OH-Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 40) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Pen Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Pen Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 41) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Pen Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Pen Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 42) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Nme-Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 43) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 44) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Cha Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 45) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Leu Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 46) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Sar Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 47) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 48) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Nme-Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 49) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Leu Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 50) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Asp Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 51) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Ser Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 52) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Thr Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 53) 
                     
                 
                   H-Hag Cys Glu Leu Cys Hag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 54) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Gln Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 55) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Leu Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 56) 
                     
                 
                   Pent-Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 57) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Ag-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 58) 
                     
                 
                   Pent-Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 59) 
                     
                 
                   H-Hag Cys Glu Leu Cys Hag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 60) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Val Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 61) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Val Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 62) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 63) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cth Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 64) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cth Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 65) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 66) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 67) 
                     
                 
                   Ac-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 68) 
                     
                 
                   Ac-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 69) 
                     
                 
                   Ac-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 70) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 71) 
                     
                 
                   Ac-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 72) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Asn Val Ala Cth Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 73) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cth Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 74) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cth Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 75) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Cth Asn Val Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 76) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Cth Asn Val Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 77) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Cth Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 78) 
                     
                 
                   4-Mepip-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 79) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 80) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 81) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Phe Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 82) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Ag Glu Leu Ag Ag Asn Pro Ala Ag Thr Gly Ag Tyr-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 83) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Ala Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 84) 
                     
                 
                   H-Asp Cys Glu Leu Cys Dpr Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 85) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Ser Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 86) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cth Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 87) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 88) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 89) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cth Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 90) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cth Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 91) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cth Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                   or 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 92) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cth Tyr Gly Cys-COOH. 
                     
                 
             
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
         17 . A peptide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the peptide consists of the amino acid sequence
 Xaa 1  Xaa 2  Xaa 3  Xaa 4  Xaa 5  Xaa 6  Xaa 7  Xaa 8  Xaa 9  Xaa 10  Xaa 11  Xaa 12  Xaa 13  Xaa 14  Ala 15  Xaa 16  Xaa 17  Gly 18  Xaa 19  Xaa 20  Xaa 21  (SEQ ID NO: 1), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein   Xaa 1  is BE or is absent;   Xaa 2  is BK, Asn or is absent;   Xaa 3  is Asn, Ser or is absent;   Xaa 4  is Ser or is absent;   Xaa 5  is Ser, Asn, Ile, BE or is absent;   Xaa 6  is Tyr, Asp, 4-fluorophenylalanine ((4-F)Phe), BK or is absent;   Xaa 7  is Cys, cystathionine (Cth), allylglycine (Ag), Hag, or Asp;   Xaa 8  is Cys, cystathionine (Cth), penicillamine (Pen), or allylglycine (Ag);   Xaa 9  is Glu, Asp, Ser, Thr, or Gln;   Xaa 10  is Leu, cyclohexylalanine (Cha), Phe, or 4-fluorophenylalanine ((4-F)Phe);   Xaa 11  is Cys, Ag, or penicillamine (Pen);   Xaa 12  is Cys, allylglycine (Ag), Hag, Cth, Dpr, or Val;   Xaa 13  is Asn or Leu;   Xaa 14  is Pro, Val, sarcosine (Sar), Leu, or Hydroxyproline (OH-Pro);   Xaa 16  is Cys, Ag, Pen or Cth;   Xaa 17  is Tyr, Thr, cyclohexylalanine (Cha), 4-fluorophenylalanine ((4-F)Phe), Phe, Ser, or Ala;   Xaa 19  is Cys, Ag or Pen;   Xaa 20  is Tyr, Leu, 4-fluorophenylalanine ((4-F)Phe), cyclohexylalanine (Cha), D-Tyr, N-Methyl Tyr (Nme-Tyr) or is absent;   Xaa 21  is absent or Asn;   wherein at least one Xaa is BE, BK, (4-F)Phe, Cth, Ag, Hag, Pen, Cha, Sar, Dpr, or OH-Pro; and   
       wherein the peptide contains a covalent bond between Xaa 7  and Xaa 12 , Xaa 8  and Xaa 16  and Xaa 11  and Xaa 19 . 
     
     
         18 . The peptide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to  claim 17 , wherein the N-terminus is capped with acetic acid, pentenoic acid, biotin, 4-Mepip, C12 alkyl carboxylic acid, C14 alkyl carboxylic acid, C16 alkyl carboxylic acid, or C18 alkyl carboxylic acid. 
     
     
         19 . The peptide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of  claims 17 or 18 , wherein the C-terminus is amidated. 
     
     
         20 . The peptide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of  claims 17-19 , wherein
 Xaa 7  and Xaa 12  are both Ag and a dicarba bond is present between Ag 7  and Ag 12 ;   Xaa 7  and Xaa 12  are both Cys and a disulfide bond is present between Cys 7  and Cys 12 ;   Xaa 8  and Xaa 16  are both Cys and a disulfide bond is present between Cys 8  and Cys 16 ;   Xaa 7  is Cth and Xaa 12  is Cys and a bond is present between Cth 7  and Cys 12 ;   Xaa 8  is Cth and Xaa 16  is Cys and a bond is present between Cth 8  and Cys 16 ;   Xaa 11  and Xaa 19  are Cys and a disulfide bond is present between Cys 11  and Cys 19 ; or   any combination thereof.   
     
     
         21 . The peptide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of  claims 17-19 , wherein Xaa 7  is allylglycine or Cys. 
     
     
         22 . The peptide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of  claims 17-19 , wherein Xaa 8  is Cys or cystathionine. 
     
     
         23 . The peptide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of  claims 17-22 , wherein Xaa 9  is Glu. 
     
     
         24 . The peptide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of  claims 17-23 , wherein Xaa 10  is Leu. 
     
     
         25 . The peptide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of  claims 17-24 , wherein Xaa 12  is Cys or allylglycine. 
     
     
         26 . The peptide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of  claims 17-25 , wherein Xaa 14  is Val or Pro. 
     
     
         27 . The peptide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of  claims 17-26 , wherein Xaa 17  is Tyr or Thr. 
     
     
         28 . The peptide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of  claims 17-27 , wherein Xaa 20  is Tyr or is absent. 
     
     
         29 . The peptide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any one of  claims 17-28 , wherein Xaa 21  is absent. 
     
     
         30 . The peptide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to  claim 17 , wherein:
 Xaa 1  is absent;   Xaa 2  is absent;   Xaa 3  is absent;   Xaa 4  is absent;   Xaa 5  is absent;   Xaa 6  is absent;   Xaa 7  is Ag, Cys, or Cth;   Xaa 8  is Cys or Cth;   Xaa 9  is Glu;   Xaa 10  is Leu;   Xaa 12  is Ag or Cys;   Xaa 14  is Val or Pro;   Xaa 17  is Tyr or Thr; and   Xaa 20  is Tyr or is absent.   
     
     
         31 . The peptide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to  claim 30 , wherein the peptide consists of the amino acid sequence 
       
         
           
                 
                 
               
                   (SEQ ID NO: 2) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 26) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 43) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 47) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 62) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Val Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 64) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cth Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 68) 
                     
                 
                   Ac-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 69) 
                     
                 
                   Ac-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 70) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                   or 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 71) 
                     
                 
                   Ac-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH. 
                     
                 
             
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
         32 . The peptide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to  claim 17 , wherein the peptide consists of the amino acid sequence: 
       
         
           
                 
                 
               
                   (SEQ ID NO: 2) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 3) 
                     
                 
                   C12-BE BK Asn Ser Ser Tyr Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 4) 
                     
                 
                   C16-BE BK Asn Ser Ser Tyr Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 5) 
                     
                 
                   C12-BE BK Asn Ser Ser Tyr Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   Thr Gly Cys Tyr-COOH; 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 6) 
                     
                 
                   C14-BE BK Asn Ser Ser Tyr Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   Thr Gly Cys Tyr-COOH; 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 7) 
                     
                 
                   C16-BE BK Asn Ser Ser Tyr Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   Thr Gly Cys Tyr-COOH; 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 8) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Ag Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Ag Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 9) 
                     
                 
                   H-Asn Asp Asp Ag Glu Leu Cys Val Asn Val Ala Ag Thr Gly Cys Leu- 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   NH 2 ; 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 10) 
                     
                 
                   H-Asn Asp Asp Cys Glu Leu Ag Val Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Ag Leu- 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   NH 2 ; 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 11) 
                     
                 
                   C18-BE BK Asn Ser Ser Tyr Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   Thr Gly Cys Tyr-COOH; 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 12) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 13) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Ala Gly Cys-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 14) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Phe Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 15) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu (4-F)Phe Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 16) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu (4-F)Phe Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 17) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu (4-F)Phe Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys (4-F)Phe- 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   NH 2 ; 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 18) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cys Glu Leu Ag Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Ag Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 19) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Phe Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 20) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Phe Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys (4-F)Phe-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 21) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cys Glu (4-F)Phe Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 22) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cys Glu (4-F)Phe Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys (4-F)Phe- 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   NH 2 ; 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 23) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys (4-F)Phe-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 24) 
                     
                 
                   H-(4-F)Phe Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys (4- 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   F)Phe-NH 2 ; 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 25) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Ala Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 26) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 27) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Phe Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 28) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys (4-F)Phe Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 29) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Leu-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 30) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Cha-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 31) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Cha Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 32) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys D-Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 33) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Pen Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Pen Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 34) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Leu Asn-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 35) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr Asn-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 36) 
                     
                 
                   H-Asp Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 37) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ile Asp Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr- 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   NH 2 ; 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 38) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn OH-Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 39) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn OH-Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 40) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Pen Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Pen Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 41) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Pen Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Pen Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 42) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Nme-Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 43) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 44) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Cha Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 45) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Leu Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 46) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Sar Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 47) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 48) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Nme-Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 49) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Leu Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 50) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Asp Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 51) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Ser Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 52) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Thr Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 53) 
                     
                 
                   H-Hag Cys Glu Leu Cys Hag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 54) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Gln Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 55) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Leu Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 56) 
                     
                 
                   Pent-Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 57) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Ag-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 58) 
                     
                 
                   Pent-Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 59) 
                     
                 
                   H-Hag Cys Glu Leu Cys Hag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 60) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Val Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 61) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Val Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 62) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 63) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cth Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 64) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cth Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 65) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 66) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 67) 
                     
                 
                   Ac-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 68) 
                     
                 
                   Ac-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 69) 
                     
                 
                   Ac-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 70) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 71) 
                     
                 
                   Ac-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 72) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Asn Val Ala Cth Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 73) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cth Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 74) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cth Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 75) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Cth Asn Val Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 76) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Cth Asn Val Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 77) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Cth Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 78) 
                     
                 
                   4-Mepip-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 79) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 80) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 81) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Phe Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 82) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Ag Glu Leu Ag Ag Asn Pro Ala Ag Thr Gly Ag Tyr-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 83) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Ala Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 84) 
                     
                 
                   H-Asp Cys Glu Leu Cys Dpr Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 85) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Ser Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 86) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cth Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 87) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 88) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 89) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cth Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 90) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cth Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 91) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cth Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                   or 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 92) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cth Tyr Gly Cys-COOH. 
                     
                 
             
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
         33 . A peptide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the peptide comprises the amino acid sequence:
 Xaa 1  Xaa 2  Xaa 3  Xaa 4  Xaa 5  Xaa 6  Xaa 7  Xaa 8  Xaa 9  Xaa 10  Cys 11  Xaa 12  Asn 13  Xaa 14  Ala 15  Cys 16  Xaa 17  Gly 18  Cys 19  Xaa 20  Xaa 21  (SEQ ID NO: 93), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein   Xaa 1  is BE or is absent;   Xaa 2  is BK or is absent;   Xaa 3  is Asn or is absent;   Xaa 4  is Ser or is absent;   Xaa 5  is Ser, Asn, Ile, or is absent;   Xaa 6  is Tyr, Asp, 4-fluorophenylalanine ((4-F)Phe), or is absent;   Xaa 7  is Cys, cystathionine (Cth), allylglycine (Ag), Hag, or Asp;   Xaa 8  is Cys, cystathionine (Cth), penicillamine (Pen), or allylglycine (Ag);   Xaa 9  is Glu, Asp, Ser, Thr, or Gln;   Xaa 10  is Leu, cyclohexylalanine (Cha), Phe, or 4-fluorophenylalanine ((4-F)Phe);   Xaa 12  is Cys, allylglycine (Ag), Hag, or Val;   Xaa 14  is Pro, Val, sarcosine (Sar), Leu, or Hydroxyproline (OH-Pro);   Xaa 17  is Tyr, Thr, cyclohexylalanine (Cha), 4-fluorophenylalanine ((4-F)Phe), Phe, or Ala;   Xaa 20  is Tyr, Leu, 4-fluorophenylalanine ((4-F)Phe), cyclohexylalanine (Cha), D-Tyr, N-Methyl Tyr (Nme-Tyr) or is absent;   Xaa 21  is absent or Asn;   wherein at least one Xaa is BE, BK, (4-F)Phe, Cth, Ag, Hag, Pen, Cha, Sar, or OH-Pro; and   
       wherein the peptide contains a covalent bond between Xaa 7  and Xaa 12 , Xaa 8  and Cys 16 , and Cys 11  and Cys 19 . 
     
     
         34 . The peptide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to  claim 33 , wherein the N-terminus is capped with acetic acid, pentenoic acid, 4-Mepip, C12 alkyl carboxylic acid, C14 alkyl carboxylic acid, C16 alkyl carboxylic acid, or C18 alkyl carboxylic acid. 
     
     
         35 . The peptide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to  claim 33 , wherein the C-terminus is amidated. 
     
     
         36 . A pharmaceutical composition comprising a peptide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, diluent or carrier, wherein the peptide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof comprises the amino acid sequence:
 Xaa 1  Xaa 2  Xaa 3  Xaa 4  Xaa 5  Xaa 6  Xaa 7  Xaa 8  Xaa 9  Xaa 10  Xaa 11  Xaa 12  Xaa 13  Xaa 14  Ala 15  Xaa 16  Xaa 17  Gly 18  Xaa 19  Xaa 20  Xaa 21  (SEQ ID NO: 1), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein   Xaa 1  is BE or is absent;   Xaa 2  is BK, Asn or is absent;   Xaa 3  is Asn, Ser or is absent;   Xaa 4  is Ser or is absent;   Xaa 5  is Ser, Asn, Ile, BE or is absent;   Xaa 6  is Tyr, Asp, 4-fluorophenylalanine ((4-F)Phe), BK or is absent;   Xaa 7  is Cys, cystathionine (Cth), allylglycine (Ag), 4-pentenoic acid (Pent), Hag, or Asp;   Xaa 8  is Cys, cystathionine (Cth), penicillamine (Pen), or allylglycine (Ag);   Xaa 9  is Glu, Asp, Ser, Thr, or Gln;   Xaa 10  is Leu, cyclohexylalanine (Cha), Phe, or 4-fluorophenylalanine ((4-F)Phe);   Xaa 11  is Cys, Ag, or penicillamine (Pen);   Xaa 12  is Cys, allylglycine (Ag), Hag, Cth, Dpr, or Val;   Xaa 13  is Asn or Leu;   Xaa 14  is Pro, Val, sarcosine (Sar), Leu, or Hydroxyproline (OH-Pro);   Xaa 16  is Cys, Ag, Pen or Cth;   Xaa 17  is Tyr, Thr, cyclohexylalanine (Cha), 4-fluorophenylalanine ((4-F)Phe), Phe, Ser, or Ala;   Xaa 19  is Cys, Ag or Pen;   Xaa 20  is Tyr, Leu, 4-fluorophenylalanine ((4-F)Phe), cyclohexylalanine (Cha), D-Tyr, N-Methyl Tyr (Nme-Tyr) or is absent;   Xaa 21  is absent or Asn;   wherein at least one Xaa is BE, BK, (4-F)Phe, Cth, Ag, Hag, Pen, Cha, Sar, Dpr, or OH-Pro; and   
       wherein the peptide contains a covalent bond between Xaa 7  and Xaa 12 , Xaa 8  and Xaa 16 , and Xaa 11  and Xaa 19 . 
     
     
         37 . The pharmaceutical composition according to  claim 36 , wherein the peptide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof consists of the amino acid sequence: 
       
         
           
                 
                 
               
                   (SEQ ID NO: 2) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 3) 
                     
                 
                   C12-BE BK Asn Ser Ser Tyr Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 4) 
                     
                 
                   C16-BE BK Asn Ser Ser Tyr Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 5) 
                     
                 
                   C12-BE BK Asn Ser Ser Tyr Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   Thr Gly Cys Tyr-COOH; 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 6) 
                     
                 
                   C14-BE BK Asn Ser Ser Tyr Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   Thr Gly Cys Tyr-COOH; 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 7) 
                     
                 
                   C16-BE BK Asn Ser Ser Tyr Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   Thr Gly Cys Tyr-COOH; 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 8) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Ag Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Ag Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 9) 
                     
                 
                   H-Asn Asp Asp Ag Glu Leu Cys Val Asn Val Ala Ag Thr Gly Cys Leu- 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   NH 2 ; 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 10) 
                     
                 
                   H-Asn Asp Asp Cys Glu Leu Ag Val Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Ag Leu- 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   NH 2 ; 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 11) 
                     
                 
                   C18-BE BK Asn Ser Ser Tyr Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   Thr Gly Cys Tyr-COOH; 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 12) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 13) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Ala Gly Cys-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 14) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Phe Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 15) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu (4-F)Phe Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 16) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu (4-F)Phe Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 17) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu (4-F)Phe Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys (4-F)Phe- 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   NH 2 ; 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 18) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cys Glu Leu Ag Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Ag Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 19) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Phe Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 20) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Phe Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys (4-F)Phe-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 21) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cys Glu (4-F)Phe Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 22) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cys Glu (4-F)Phe Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys (4-F)Phe- 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   NH 2 ; 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 23) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys (4-F)Phe-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 24) 
                     
                 
                   H-(4-F)Phe Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys (4- 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   F)Phe-NH 2 ; 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 25) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Ala Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 26) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 27) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Phe Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 28) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys (4-F)Phe Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 29) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Leu-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 30) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Cha-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 31) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Cha Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 32) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys D-Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 33) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Pen Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Pen Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 34) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Leu Asn-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 35) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr Asn-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 36) 
                     
                 
                   H-Asp Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 37) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ile Asp Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr- 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   NH 2 ; 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 38) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn OH-Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 39) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn OH-Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 40) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Pen Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Pen Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 41) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Pen Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Pen Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 42) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Nme-Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 43) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 44) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Cha Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 45) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Leu Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 46) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Sar Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 47) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 48) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Nme-Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 49) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Leu Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 50) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Asp Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 51) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Ser Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 52) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Thr Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 53) 
                     
                 
                   H-Hag Cys Glu Leu Cys Hag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 54) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Gln Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 55) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Leu Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 56) 
                     
                 
                   Pent-Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 57) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Ag-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 58) 
                     
                 
                   Pent-Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 59) 
                     
                 
                   H-Hag Cys Glu Leu Cys Hag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 60) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Val Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 61) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Val Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 62) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 63) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cth Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 64) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cth Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 65) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 66) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 67) 
                     
                 
                   Ac-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 68) 
                     
                 
                   Ac-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 69) 
                     
                 
                   Ac-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 70) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 71) 
                     
                 
                   Ac-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 72) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Asn Val Ala Cth Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 73) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cth Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 74) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cth Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 75) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Cth Asn Val Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 76) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Cth Asn Val Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 77) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Cth Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 78) 
                     
                 
                   4-Mepip-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 79) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 80) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 81) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Phe Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 82) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Ag Glu Leu Ag Ag Asn Pro Ala Ag Thr Gly Ag Tyr-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 83) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Ala Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 84) 
                     
                 
                   H-Asp Cys Glu Leu Cys Dpr Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 85) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Ser Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 86) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cth Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 87) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 88) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 89) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cth Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 90) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cth Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 91) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cth Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                   or 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 92) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cth Tyr Gly Cys-COOH. 
                     
                 
             
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
         38 . The pharmaceutical composition according to  claim 36 , wherein the peptide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof consists of the amino acid sequence: 
       
         
           
                 
                 
               
                   (SEQ ID NO: 2) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 26) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 43) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 47) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 62) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Val Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 64) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cth Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 68) 
                     
                 
                   Ac-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 69) 
                     
                 
                   Ac-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 70) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                   or 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 71) 
                     
                 
                   Ac-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH. 
                     
                 
             
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
         39 . The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of  claims 36-38 , wherein the N-terminus of the peptide is capped with acetic acid, pentenoic acid, 4-Mepip, C12 alkyl carboxylic acid, C14 alkyl carboxylic acid, C16 alkyl carboxylic acid or C18 alkyl carboxylic acid; the C-terminus of the peptide is amidated; or any combination thereof. 
     
     
         40 . The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of  claims 36-39 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition is a solid dosage formulation. 
     
     
         41 . The pharmaceutical composition according to  claim 40 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition is formulated as an oral solid dosage formulation. 
     
     
         42 . A method of cleansing the colon of a subject in preparation for a colonoscopy procedure comprising administering to the subject an effective dose of a colon cleansing composition;
 wherein the colon cleansing composition comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, diluent or carrier, and a peptide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the peptide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof comprises the amino acid sequence:   Xaa 1  Xaa 2  Xaa 3  Xaa 4  Xaa 5  Xaa 6  Xaa 7  Xaa 8  Xaa 9  Xaa 10  Xaa 11  Xaa 12  Xaa 13  Xaa 14  Ala 15  Xaa 16  Xaa 17  Gly 18  Xaa 19  Xaa 20  Xaa 21  (SEQ ID NO: 1), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein   Xaa 1  is BE or is absent;   Xaa 2  is BK, Asn or is absent;   Xaa 3  is Asn, Ser or is absent;   Xaa 4  is Ser or is absent;   Xaa 5  is Ser, Asn, Ile, BE or is absent;   Xaa 6  is Tyr, Asp, 4-fluorophenylalanine ((4-F)Phe), BK or is absent;   Xaa 7  is Cys, cystathionine (Cth), allylglycine (Ag), 4-pentenoic acid (Pent), Hag, or Asp;   Xaa 8  is Cys, cystathionine (Cth), penicillamine (Pen), or allylglycine (Ag);   Xaa 9  is Glu, Asp, Ser, Thr, or Gln;   Xaa 10  is Leu, cyclohexylalanine (Cha), Phe, or 4-fluorophenylalanine ((4-F)Phe);   Xaa 11  is Cys, Ag, or penicillamine (Pen);   Xaa 12  is Cys, allylglycine (Ag), Hag, Cth, Dpr, or Val;   Xaa 13  is Asn or Leu;   Xaa 14  is Pro, Val, sarcosine (Sar), Leu, or Hydroxyproline (OH-Pro);   Xaa 16  is Cys, Ag, Pen or Cth;   Xaa 17  is Tyr, Thr, cyclohexylalanine (Cha), 4-fluorophenylalanine ((4-F)Phe), Phe, Ser, or Ala;   Xaa 19  is Cys, Ag or Pen;   Xaa 20  is Tyr, Leu, 4-fluorophenylalanine ((4-F)Phe), cyclohexylalanine (Cha), D-Tyr, N-Methyl Tyr (Nme-Tyr) or is absent;   Xaa 21  is absent or Asn;   wherein at least one Xaa is BE, BK, (4-F)Phe, Cth, Ag, Hag, Pen, Cha, Sar, Dpr, or OH-Pro; and   
       wherein the peptide contains a covalent bond between Xaa 7  and Xaa 12 , Xaa 8  and Xaa 16 , and Xaa 11  and Xaa 19 . 
     
     
         43 . The method according to  claim 42 , wherein the method further comprises:
 a. orally or rectally administering to the subject an effective first dose of the colon cleansing composition; and   b. administering to the subject an effective second dose of the colon cleansing composition to substantially cleanse the colon of the subject.   
     
     
         44 . The method according to  claim 43 , wherein the effective second dose is administered the morning after the effective first dose is administered. 
     
     
         45 . The method according to  claim 42 , wherein the colon cleansing composition comprises a peptide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof comprises the amino acid sequence: 
       
         
           
                 
                 
               
                   (SEQ ID NO: 2) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 3) 
                     
                 
                   C12-BE BK Asn Ser Ser Tyr Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 4) 
                     
                 
                   C16-BE BK Asn Ser Ser Tyr Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 5) 
                     
                 
                   C12-BE BK Asn Ser Ser Tyr Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   Thr Gly Cys Tyr-COOH; 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 6) 
                     
                 
                   C14-BE BK Asn Ser Ser Tyr Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   Thr Gly Cys Tyr-COOH; 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 7) 
                     
                 
                   C16-BE BK Asn Ser Ser Tyr Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   Thr Gly Cys Tyr-COOH; 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 8) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Ag Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Ag Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 9) 
                     
                 
                   H-Asn Asp Asp Ag Glu Leu Cys Val Asn Val Ala Ag Thr Gly Cys Leu- 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   NH 2 ; 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 10) 
                     
                 
                   H-Asn Asp Asp Cys Glu Leu Ag Val Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Ag Leu- 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   NH 2 ; 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 11) 
                     
                 
                   C18-BE BK Asn Ser Ser Tyr Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   Thr Gly Cys Tyr-COOH; 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 12) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 13) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Ala Gly Cys-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 14) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Phe Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 15) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu (4-F)Phe Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 16) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu (4-F)Phe Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 17) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu (4-F)Phe Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys (4-F)Phe- 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   NH 2 ; 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 18) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cys Glu Leu Ag Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Ag Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 19) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Phe Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 20) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Phe Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys (4-F)Phe-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 21) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cys Glu (4-F)Phe Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 22) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cys Glu (4-F)Phe Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys (4-F)Phe- 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   NH 2 ; 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 23) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys (4-F)Phe-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 24) 
                     
                 
                   H-(4-F)Phe Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys (4- 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   F)Phe-NH 2 ; 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 25) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Ala Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 26) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 27) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Phe Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 28) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys (4-F)Phe Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 29) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Leu-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 30) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Cha-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 31) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Cha Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 32) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys D-Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 33) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Pen Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Pen Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 34) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Leu Asn-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 35) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr Asn-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 36) 
                     
                 
                   H-Asp Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 37) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ile Asp Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr- 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   NH 2 ; 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 38) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn OH-Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 39) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn OH-Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 40) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Pen Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Pen Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 41) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Pen Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Pen Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 42) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Nme-Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 43) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 44) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Cha Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 45) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Leu Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 46) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Sar Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 47) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 48) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Nme-Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 49) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Leu Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 50) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Asp Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 51) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Ser Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 52) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Thr Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 53) 
                     
                 
                   H-Hag Cys Glu Leu Cys Hag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 54) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Gln Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 55) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Leu Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 56) 
                     
                 
                   Pent-Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 57) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Ag-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 58) 
                     
                 
                   Pent-Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 59) 
                     
                 
                   H-Hag Cys Glu Leu Cys Hag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 60) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Val Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 61) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Val Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 62) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 63) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cth Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 64) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cth Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 65) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 66) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 67) 
                     
                 
                   Ac-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 68) 
                     
                 
                   Ac-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 69) 
                     
                 
                   Ac-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 70) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 71) 
                     
                 
                   Ac-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 72) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Asn Val Ala Cth Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 73) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cth Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 74) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cth Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 75) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Cth Asn Val Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 76) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Cth Asn Val Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 77) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Cth Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 78) 
                     
                 
                   4-Mepip-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 79) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 80) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 81) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Phe Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 82) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Ag Glu Leu Ag Ag Asn Pro Ala Ag Thr Gly Ag Tyr-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 83) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Ala Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 84) 
                     
                 
                   H-Asp Cys Glu Leu Cys Dpr Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 85) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Ser Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 86) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cth Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 87) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 88) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 89) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cth Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 90) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cth Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 91) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cth Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                   or 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 92) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cth Tyr Gly Cys-COOH. 
                     
                 
             
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
         46 . The method according to  claim 42 , wherein the colon cleansing composition comprises a peptide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof comprises the amino acid sequence: 
       
         
           
                 
                 
               
                   (SEQ ID NO: 2) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 26) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 43) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 47) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Val Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 62) 
                     
                 
                   H-Ag Cys Glu Leu Cys Ag Asn Val Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 64) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cth Cys Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 68) 
                     
                 
                   Ac-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys Tyr-NH 2 ; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 69) 
                     
                 
                   Ac-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 70) 
                     
                 
                   H-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Val Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH; 
                     
                 
                   or 
                 
                     
                 
                   (SEQ ID NO: 71) 
                     
                 
                   Ac-Cys Cth Glu Leu Cys Cys Asn Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Cys-COOH. 
                     
                 
             
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
         47 . A method of producing the peptide of any one of  claims 1-35 , comprising providing a cell harboring a nucleic acid molecule encoding the polypeptide, culturing the cell under conditions in which the peptide is expressed, and isolating the expressed peptide. 
     
     
         48 . A method of producing the peptide of any of  claims 1-35 , comprising chemically synthesizing the peptide and purifying the synthesized peptide. 
     
     
         49 . A method of treating a gastrointestinal or visceral disorder comprising administering to a subject a peptide of any of  claims 1-35 . 
     
     
         50 . A method of treating a disorder selected from colon cancer, Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC), Lynch syndrome, gastroparesis (GP), polyps, pain, general abdominal pain, post-operative ileus, opioid-induced constipation, functional dyspepsia, diverticular disease including including but not limited to SUDD (symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease) and SCAD (segmental colitis associated with diverticulosis), diverticulosis, diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome, pain associated with irritable bowel syndrom (IBS), ulcerative colitis, ulcerative proctitis, Crohn's Disease, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), chronic or acute radiation protopathy, rectal pain, chronic proctalgia, proctalgia fugax, anal pain, chronic anal fissure, post-operative anal pain, overactive bladder syndrome, stress incontinence, interstitial cystitis, bladder pain syndrome, colorectal cancer, pain associated with cancer, general pelvic pain, endometriosis, orchialgia, chronic prostatitis, prostatodynia, vulvodynia, urethral syndrome, penile pain, perianal pain and other gastrointestinal and visceral disorders, comprising administering to a subject a peptide of any of  claims 1-35 . 
     
     
         51 . The method of claim  51 , further comprising administering to the subject a pharmaceutical composition comprising an active ingredient selected from opioids, tramadol, beta-3 adrenergic receptor agonists, anti-cholinergic agents, and tricyclic antidepressants. 
     
     
         52 . A pharmaceutical composition for use in cleansing the colon in a subject in preparation for a colonoscopy procedure, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, diluent or carrier, and a peptide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the peptide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof comprises the amino acid sequence:
 Xaa 1  Xaa 2  Xaa 3  Xaa 4  Xaa 5  Xaa 6  Xaa 7  Xaa 8  Xaa 9  Xaa 10  Xaa 11  Xaa 12  Xaa 13  Xaa 14  Ala 15  Xaa 16  Xaa 17  Gly 18  Xaa 19  Xaa 20  Xaa 21  (SEQ ID NO: 1), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein   Xaa 1  is BE or is absent;   Xaa 2  is BK, Asn or is absent;   Xaa 3  is Asn, Ser or is absent;   Xaa 4  is Ser or is absent;   Xaa 5  is Ser, Asn, Ile, BE or is absent;   Xaa 6  is Tyr, Asp, 4-fluorophenylalanine ((4-F)Phe), BK or is absent;   Xaa 7  is Cys, cystathionine (Cth), allylglycine (Ag), 4-pentenoic acid (Pent), Hag, or Asp;   Xaa 8  is Cys, cystathionine (Cth), penicillamine (Pen), or allylglycine (Ag);   Xaa 9  is Glu, Asp, Ser, Thr, or Gln;   Xaa 10  is Leu, cyclohexylalanine (Cha), Phe, or 4-fluorophenylalanine ((4-F)Phe);   Xaa 11  is Cys, Ag, or penicillamine (Pen);   Xaa 12  is Cys, allylglycine (Ag), Hag, Cth, Dpr, or Val;   Xaa 13  is Asn or Leu;   Xaa 14  is Pro, Val, sarcosine (Sar), Leu, or Hydroxyproline (OH-Pro);   Xaa 16  is Cys, Ag, Pen or Cth;   Xaa 17  is Tyr, Thr, cyclohexylalanine (Cha), 4-fluorophenylalanine ((4-F)Phe), Phe, Ser, or Ala;   Xaa 19  is Cys, Ag or Pen;   Xaa 20  is Tyr, Leu, 4-fluorophenylalanine ((4-F)Phe), cyclohexylalanine (Cha), D-Tyr, N-Methyl Tyr (Nme-Tyr) or is absent;   Xaa 21  is absent or Asn;   wherein at least one Xaa is BE, BK, (4-F)Phe, Cth, Ag, Hag, Pen, Cha, Sar, Dpr, or OH-Pro; and   
       wherein the peptide contains a covalent bond between Xaa 7  and Xaa 12 , Xaa 8  and Xaa 16 , and Xaa 11  and Xaa 19 . 
     
     
         53 . A pharmaceutical composition for use in treating a disorder selected from colon cancer, Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC), Lynch syndrome, gastroparesis (GP), polyps, pain, general abdominal pain, post-operative ileus, opioid-induced constipation, functional dyspepsia, diverticular disease including including but not limited to SUDD (symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease) and SCAD (segmental colitis associated with diverticulosis), diverticulosis, diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome, pain associated with irritable bowel syndrom (IBS), ulcerative colitis, ulcerative proctitis, Crohn's Disease, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), chronic or acute radiation protopathy, rectal pain, chronic proctalgia, proctalgia fugax, anal pain, chronic anal fissure, post-operative anal pain, overactive bladder syndrome, stress incontinence, interstitial cystitis, bladder pain syndrome, colorectal cancer, pain associated with cancer, general pelvic pain, endometriosis, orchialgia, chronic prostatitis, prostatodynia, vulvodynia, urethral syndrome, penile pain, perianal pain and other gastrointestinal and visceral disorders, and
 wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises a peptide of any of  claims 1-35 .

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