Mechanochemically pre-treated, heavy-metal-free activated carbon particles a, topical pharmaceuticals, medical products and cosmetics, preparation process and uses

Abstract

Activated carbon particles A which are mechanochemically pre-treated under at least one inert gas, according to X-ray emission spectroscopy, are free of heavy metals and free of persistent organic pollutants (POP), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), fibrous fractions and meso- and macropores, have a carbon content >99 mol % and a particle size determined by electron microscopy in the range from 50 nm to 1000 nm or from 100 nm to 1000 nm, a mechanochemical process for their preparation and their use for the preparation of decorative and medical cosmetics and care products, medical products and pharmaceuticals, topical pharmaceuticals, medical products and cosmetics, preparation processes therefor and corresponding uses.

1 - 17 . (canceled) 
     
     
         18 . Activated carbon particles (A) having a carbon content >99 mol % and a particle size determined by electron microscopy in the range from 50 nm to 1000 nm or from 100 nm to 1000 nm, which are mechanochemically pre-treated under at least one inert gas and are, according to X-ray emission spectroscopy, free of heavy metals as well as free of persistent organic pollutants (POP), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), fibrous fractions and mesopores and macropores. 
     
     
         19 . A mechanochemical process for the preparation of activated carbon particles (A) according to  claim 18 , wherein:
 (I) heavy-metal-free, PAH- and/or POP-containing, coarsely particulate activated carbon particles are provided as material to be ground (F),   (II) the material to be ground (F) is fed continuously or discontinuously under inert gas into at least one grinding chamber of at least one mechanical mill lined with at least one heavy-metal-free, inorganic, technical ceramic, and   (III) it is ground therein with grinding media moved by agitation means or with rollers, the surfaces of which are coated with at least one heavy-metal-free, inorganic, technical ceramic, at a constant and/or variable rotational speed under inert gas until particle sizes in the range from 50 nm to 1000 nm or from 100 nm to 1000 nm are reached, after which   (IV) the activated carbon particles (A) are discharged under inert gas.   
     
     
         20 . The mechanochemical process according to  claim 19 , wherein in each case at least one heavy-metal-free, hard, inert oxide, nitride and/or carbide is added as a particulate grinding aid, wherein the at least one particulate grinding aid is preferably selected from the group consisting of quartz, glass, aluminium nitride, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, silicon carbide nitride, aluminium oxide and boron nitride. 
     
     
         21 . The mechanochemical process according to  claim 19 , wherein the activated carbon particles (A) are separated from the at least one particulate grinding aid by means of the difference in density, and/or in that the activated carbon particles (A) are sifted or classified according to their particle size. 
     
     
         22 . The mechanochemical process according to  claim 19 , wherein a mechanical mill is used for this purpose, which comprises at least one rotatable or stationary mechanochemical reactor, containing a rotatable or stationary drum with a grinding chamber with at least one inlet for the material to be ground (F), at least one outlet for the activated carbon particles (A) or the mixture of activated carbon particles (A) and the at least one grinding aid as well as a plurality of fixed or rotatable agitation means, wherein
 the drum of the rotatable mechanochemical reactor and waveguide has a disc-shaped vertical drum wall which is connected at its centre to a rotatable drive shaft which can be driven by a motor, and   the drum of the stationary mechanochemical reactor and waveguide has, by means of a drive shaft, rotatable agitation means for mixing the grinding media and the material to be ground (F) or rotatable rollers aligned in the longitudinal direction of the drum, wherein the drive shaft is driven by a motor and is guided by the disc-shaped vertical drum wall through a passage,   the agitation means are selected from the group consisting of impact discs, impact fans, impact lobes and impact blades, which have impact holes, impact webs, crest and trough profiles, connecting webs and impact bodies that are arranged symmetrically to the drive shaft, and wherein   the rotatable rollers are rotatable relative to one another in opposite directions of rotation and their axes of rotation are parallel to one another or have an angle of inclination or are rotatable against an abrasion surface,   wherein all surfaces inside the mechanical mill which come into contact with the material to be ground (F) or with the at least one material to be ground (F) and the at least one grinding aid are coated with at least one heavy metal-free, inorganic, technical ceramic, preferably selected from the group consisting of aluminium oxide, boron carbide, boron nitride, boron nitride carbide, calcium silicate, silicon oxide, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, silicon oxide nitride, silicon oxide carbide, silicon nitride carbide, silicon oxide nitride carbide and glass ceramics.   
     
     
         23 . The mechanochemical process according to  claim 22 , wherein the mill has an agitation means of the same type and/or at least two different types of agitation means, wherein the agitation means are aligned and/or spaced in the direction of the drive shaft. 
     
     
         24 . The mechanochemical process according  claim 22 , wherein the grinding chamber has at least two spherical cut-shaped grinding chambers arranged one behind the other, which are formed by at least one circular constriction, wherein the drive shaft extends centrally through the spherical cut-shaped grinding chambers and the circular constrictions and the dimensions of the agitation means are adapted to the periodically changing diameter of the grinding chambers. 
     
     
         25 . The mechanochemical process according to  claim 19 , wherein the process is carried out in a cascade of mechanical mills. 
     
     
         26 . A method of using the activated carbon (A) according to  claim 18  for the preparation of decorative and medical cosmetics and care products, medical products and pharmaceuticals, for example in the form of lipid-free formulated creams. 
     
     
         27 . The method of using the activated carbon (A) according to  claim 26 , wherein:
 the decorative and medical cosmetics and care products, the medical products and the pharmaceuticals are powders, solids, gels, creams, ointments, lotions, drops, sprays, metered dose aerosols, gargle solutions, lozenges, enemas, clysters, foams and release materials as well as coatings on textile fabrics, face masks, gauze, plasters, foams, toilet utensils, compresses, bandages, tampons and medical devices,   whereby the medical products are preferably used for the care of overlapping skin on the chest, abdomen and groin, of mucous membranes, eyes, ears, mouth, lips, fingernails, toenails, corneas, warts and scars, the removal and/or rendering harmless of excretions of noxae, drugs, toxins, medicines, acids, bases and odorous substances via the skin, the alleviation of unpleasant and/or painful accompanying symptoms and side effects of lesions, itching, intertrigo, burning, infections, cancer therapy, chemotherapy, chondrocalcinosis, psoriasis, neurodermatitis, acne, eczema and atrophic eczema, for warts, rosacea, herpes, shingles, measles, mumps, rubella, chickenpox, hand-mouth-foot diseases, hand and foot syndromes, redness, rheumatism and arthrosis as well as for the preventive protection and support of healing processes in existing infections, wounds or burns, preferably as creams, particularly preferably as lipid-free formulated creams.   
     
     
         28 . Heavy metal-free topical pharmaceuticals, medical products and cosmetics containing activated carbon particles (A) according to  claim 18 . 
     
     
         29 . The heavy metal-free topical pharmaceuticals, medical products and cosmetics according to  claim 28 , wherein the topical medical products and cosmetics contain the activated carbon particles (A) in an amount of 0.1% by weight to 50% by weight, based on the respective total amount of a topical pharmaceutical, medical product or cosmetic. 
     
     
         30 . The heavy-metal-free topical pharmaceuticals, medical products and cosmetics according to  claim 28 , further comprising:
 (B) particles of an average particle size d 50  of 10 nm to <1000 m, containing at least one type and/or consisting of at least one type of nanocrystalline and/or microcrystalline natural waxes and/or semisynthetic waxes based on natural waxes and/or biodegradable microplastics,   wherein the particles (B) are preferably producible from natural and semi-synthetic waxes by means of the GAS process (Gas Antisolvent Recrystallisation), the PCA process (Precipitation with a Compressed Fluid Antisolvent), the PGSS process (Particles from Gas Saturated Solutions) or the RESS process (Rapid Expansion of Supercritical Solutions),   and/or   that they additionally contain   (C) particles of an average particle size d 50  of 10 nm to <1000 nm, containing at least one type and/or consisting of at least one type of nanocrystalline, nanofibrillar, microcrystalline and/or microfibrillar polysaccharides,   wherein the particles (C) are preferably selected from the group consisting of cellulose nanofibres (CNF), microfibrillar celluloses (MFC), microcrystalline celluloses (MCC), nanofibrillar polysaccharides (NFP), nanocrystalline celluloses (CNC) and bacterial nanocelluloses (BNC), waste from paper mashes from paper preparation and fibres, as well as particles from used textiles, and/or have an average particle size d 50 =650±200 nm,   and/or   that they additionally contain   (D) at least one ingredient selected from the group consisting of water, layered silicates, milled clays, bolus americus clays, healing clays, nutshells, willow bark, lapacho bark, silica, pumice stones, geopolymers, amber, gemstones, trace elements and neutral inorganic salts, beta-glucans, glutathione, albumin, xylan, phytates, complexing agents, antioxidants, radical scavengers, menthol, caffeine, teein, papain, esculin semihydrate, carotenoids, lecithins, abscisic acid, cyanidin, guanidin, urea, thiourea, fillers, solvents, moisturisers, solubilisers, non-ionic wetting agents, buffers, thickeners, binders, coating agents, disintegration accelerators, disintegrants, anti-friction agents, lubricants, mould release agents, flow regulators, antioxidants, preservatives, sweeteners, flavour corrigents, absorption accelerators, alkalising agents, acidifying agents, neutralising agents, foam inhibitors and defoamers, dyes, colour pigments, oxidising agents, reducing agents, stabilisers, propellants, opacifiers, pearlescent agents, denaturants, plasticisers, minerals, vitamins, micelles, superabsorbers, refatting substances, oils, fragrances, flavourings, perfumes, moisturisers, moisturising agents, active ingredients for skin care, deodorising agents, film-forming agents, gelling agents, tannins, tanning agents, tanning extracts, bitter substances, plant extracts, honeys, colostrum, cytostatics, antibodies, immunoglobulins, essential and non-essential amino acids and fats, hyaluronic acid, aloe vera gel, liposomes, alkylene glycols, polyalkylene ether glycols, proteins, peptides, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, nucleic acid fragments, antiviral compounds, anti-inflammatory compounds, antibiotics, cell differentiation reagents, analgesics, drugs, anaesthetics, contrast agents, enzymes, cytokines, antihistamines, immunomodulators, haemostatic reagents, hormones, angiogenic and antiangiogenic agents, neurotransmitters, therapeutic oligonucleotides, viral particles growth factors, retinoids, cell adhesion factors, extracellular matrix glycoproteins, osteogenic factors, antibodies, antigens, steroids, analgesics, potassium sulphate, royal jelly, propolis, encapsulated fragrances, nutrients, hexahydroxycyclohexane hexaphosphoric acid ester salt nanoparticles and surfactants.   
     
     
         31 . The heavy metal-free topical pharmaceuticals, medical products and cosmetics according to  claim 28 , wherein:
 the topical pharmaceuticals, medical products and cosmetics are in the form of powders, solids, gels, creams, ointments, lotions, drops, sprays, metered dose aerosols, gargle solutions, lozenges, enemas, clysters, foams and release materials, as well as coatings on textile fabrics, face masks, gauze, plasters, foams, toilet utensils, compresses, bandages, tampons and on and in medical devices and roll-on sticks, preferably as creams, particularly preferably as lipid-free formulated creams.   
     
     
         32 . The heavy metal-free topical pharmaceuticals, medical products and cosmetics according to  claim 28 , wherein the topical pharmaceuticals, medical products and cosmetics has a pH value between 3 and 7. 
     
     
         33 . A method for the preparation of heavy-metal-free topical pharmaceuticals, medical products and cosmetics containing activated carbon particles (A), according to  claim 30 , wherein:
 (I) at least one type of activated carbon particles (A) is mixed with at least one type of particles (B) and/or at least one type of particles (C) and the resulting mixture is homogenised and   (II) the resulting homogenised mixture (AB), (AC) or (ABC) is processed into powders, solids, granules, gels, creams, ointments, lotions, drops, sprays, metered-dose aerosols, gargle solutions, lozenges, enemas, clysters, suppositories or foams and/or applied to and/or into textile fabrics, face masks, gauze, compresses, bandages, tampons, plasters, medical devices and/or release materials, wherein the activated carbon particles (A) are preferably mixed with at least one type of particles (B) and/or at least one type of particles (C) and/or at least one ingredient (D) and the resulting mixture (ABC), (ABD), (ACD) or (ABCD) is homogenised,   wherein the topical pharmaceuticals, medical products and cosmetics are preferably processed into creams, particularly preferably lipid-free formulated creams.   
     
     
         34 . The use of the heavy-metal-free topical pharmaceuticals, medical products and cosmetics containing activated carbon particles (A) according to  claim 28 , wherein the use is:
 for the care of overlapping skin on the chest, abdomen and groin, of mucous membranes, eyes, ears, mouth, lips, fingernails, toenails, cornea, warts and scars, the removal and/or rendering harmless of excretions of noxae, drugs, toxins, medicaments, acids, bases and odorous substances via the skin, the alleviation of unpleasant and/or painful accompanying symptoms and side effects of lesions, itching, intertrigo, burning, infections, for the accompanying support of cancer therapy and chemotherapy as well as the treatment of chondrocalcinosis, psoriasis, neurodermatitis, acne, eczema, atrophic eczema, warts, rosacea, herpes, shingles, measles, mumps, rubella, chickenpox, hand-mouth-foot diseases, hand and foot syndromes, redness, rheumatism and arthrosis as well as the preventive protection and support of healing processes in the case of existing infections, wounds or burns, or   for the removal of chemotherapeutic agents that are excreted via the skin, for the preventive treatment of calcinosis cutis and for the treatment of neurodermatitis, arthrosis complaints, nail fungus, nail bed inflammation and allergic reactions to oak processionary moths.