Isoparaffinic and iso-olefinic distillate compositions

Abstract

Compositions are provided that include at least a portion of an isoparaffinic blend component, an iso-olefinic blend component, or a combination thereof, along with a method for making such a blend component. The highly isoparaffinic and/or iso-olefinic nature of the blend component can allow a blend component to be used in combination with both conventional/mineral fractions as well as non-traditional feeds to form fuel fractions and/or fuel blending component fractions. Examples of fuels that can be formed by making a blend that includes an isoparaffinic and/or iso-olefinic blend component include diesel fuels, marine gas oils, and various types of marine fuel oils, such as very low sulfur fuel oils.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A diesel boiling range composition comprising: 1.0 vol % to 75 vol % of a blend component comprising an isoparaffinic blend component, an iso-olefinic blend component, or a combination thereof containing 80 wt % or more of combined isoparaffins and iso-olefins, and 20 vol % to 99 vol % of a mineral distillate boiling range fraction, the composition comprising a cetane number of 40 or more and a cloud point that is at least 5.0° C. lower than a cloud point of the mineral distillate boiling range fraction. 
     
     
         2 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises 1.0 vol % to 75 vol % of an isoparaffinic blend component containing 80 wt % or more of isoparaffins and 5.0 wt % or less of iso-olefins. 
     
     
         3 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises 1.0 vol % to 75 vol % of an iso-olefinic blend component containing greater than 5.0 wt % iso-olefins and 80 wt % or more of combined isoparaffins and iso-olefins. 
     
     
         4 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises 10 vol % to 75 vol % of the blend component. 
     
     
         5 . The composition of  claim 4 , wherein the composition comprises a cetane number of 50 or more. 
     
     
         6 . The composition of  claim 4 , wherein the composition comprises a cloud point that is at least 10° C. lower than a cloud point of the mineral distillate boiling range fraction. 
     
     
         7 . The composition of any of  claim 1 , wherein the blend component comprises 10 wt % to 50 wt % of C 19+  hydrocarbons. 
     
     
         8 . The composition of any of  claim 1 , wherein the blend component contains 5.0 wt % or less of C 19+  hydrocarbons. 
     
     
         9 . The composition of  claim 8 , wherein the composition comprises 6.0 wt % or more of C 12  isoparaffins, or wherein the composition comprises 10 wt % or more of C 12−  isoparaffins, or a combination thereof. 
     
     
         10 . The composition of any of  claim 1 , wherein the composition further comprises 1.0 wt % to 40 wt % of a bio-derived diesel boiling range component, the cloud point of the composition being at least 5° C. lower than a cloud point of the bio-derived diesel boiling range component. 
     
     
         11 . The composition of any of  claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises a) a density of 0.780 g/cm 3  or more, b) a flash point of 50° C. or more, c) a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of 2.0 cSt to 4.5 cSt, or d) a combination of two or more of a), b), and c). 
     
     
         12 . The composition of any of  claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises a sulfur content of 15 wppm or less, or wherein the mineral distillate boiling range fraction comprises a sulfur content of 15 wppm or less, or a combination thereof. 
     
     
         13 . The composition of any of  claim 1 , wherein a cetane number of the blend component is lower than a cetane number of the mineral distillate boiling range fraction. 
     
     
         14 . The composition of any of  claim 1 , wherein the mineral distillate boiling range fraction comprises at least one of a mineral diesel boiling range fraction and a conventional diesel fraction. 
     
     
         15 . A diesel boiling range composition comprising: 1.00 vol % to 90 vol % of a blend component comprising an isoparaffinic blend component, an iso-olefinic blend component, or a combination thereof containing 80 wt % or more of combined isoparaffins and iso-olefins, and 10 vol % to 99 vol % of a bio-derived component different from the blend component, the composition comprising a cetane number of 40 or more and a cloud point of −10° C. or less. 
     
     
         16 . The composition of  claim 15 , wherein the composition comprises 10 vol % to 90 vol % of the blend component. 
     
     
         17 . The composition of  claim 15 , wherein the blend component comprises 10 wt % to 50 wt % of C 19+  hydrocarbons. 
     
     
         18 . The composition of  claim 15 , wherein the blend component contains 5.0 wt % or less of C 19+  hydrocarbons. 
     
     
         19 . The composition of  claim 18 , wherein the composition comprises 6.0 wt % or more of C 12−  isoparaffins. 
     
     
         20 . The composition of  claim 15 , wherein the cloud point of the composition is at least 5.0° C. lower than a cloud point of the bio-derived component. 
     
     
         21 . The composition of  claim 15 , wherein the blend component comprises a cetane number less than 50. 
     
     
         22 . The composition of any of  claim 15 , wherein the composition comprises 1.0 vol % to 90 vol % of an isoparaffinic blend component containing 80 wt % or more of isoparaffins and 5.0 wt % or less of iso-olefins; or wherein the composition comprises 1.0 vol % to 90 vol % of an iso-olefinic blend component containing greater than 5.0 wt % iso-olefins and 80 wt % or more of combined isoparaffins and iso-olefins. 
     
     
         23 . The composition of any of  claim 15 , wherein the bio-derived component comprises a bio-derived diesel boiling range component. 
     
     
         24 . A marine distillate or marine distillate blend component composition, comprising: 1.0 vol % to 90 vol % of a blend component comprising an isoparaffinic blend component, an iso-olefinic blend component, or a combination thereof; and 10 vol % to 99 vol % of a mineral fraction, a bio-derived component different from the blend component, or a combination thereof, the composition comprising a density at 15° C. of 0.780 g/cm 3  to 0.890 g/cm 3  or less, a cetane number of 40 or more, and a flash point of 43° C. or more, a pour point of the composition being at least 5° C. lower than a pour point of the mineral fraction, the bio-derived fraction, or the combination thereof. 
     
     
         25 . The composition of  claim 24 , wherein the composition comprises a pour point of −10° C. or less. 
     
     
         26 . The composition of  claim 24 , wherein the pour point of the composition is at least 10° C. lower than the pour point of the mineral fraction, bio-derived component, or combination thereof. 
     
     
         27 . The composition of  claim 24 , wherein the composition comprises 1000 wppm or less of sulfur. 
     
     
         28 . The composition of  claim 24 , wherein the composition comprises 2.0 wt % or more of C 12−  isoparaffins, iso-olefins, or a combination thereof. 
     
     
         29 . The composition of  claim 24 , wherein the blend component contains 5.0 wt % or less of C 19+  hydrocarbons, or wherein the blend component comprises 10 wt % to 50 wt % of C 19+  hydrocarbons. 
     
     
         30 . The composition of  claim 15 , wherein the bio-derived component a) contains less than 80 wt % of isoparaffins, iso-olefins, or a combination thereof b) has a ratio of Hd hydrogens to Hc 2  hydrogens of 1.6 or more, c) has a ratio of Hd hydrogens to Hc 2  hydrogens of 1.0 or less, d) a combination of a) and b), or e) a combination of a) and c). 
     
     
         31 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises a ratio of Hd hydrogens to Hc 2  hydrogens of 1.01 to 2.00. 
     
     
         32 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises a ratio of Hd hydrogens to Hc 2  hydrogens of 1.01 to 1.35.