Antibacterial and antiviral copper-containing stainless steel, and preparation method therefor and use thereof

Abstract

The present invention provides an antibacterial and antiviral copper-containing stainless steel, and a preparation method for and the use of a stainless-steel conforming to the composition thereof. The copper-containing stainless steel comprises a stainless steel matrix and a copper-rich phase evenly distributed in the stainless steel matrix, wherein the copper content of the copper-containing stainless steel is 6-30 wt %. The preparation method therefor comprises the manufacturing of a small stainless steel product mainly using powder metallurgy technology, and the manufacturing of a large stainless steel sheet, bar or pipe mainly using a composite process without significant thermal deformation. Compared with a traditional antibacterial stainless steel, the composition design of the present invention contains sufficient copper-rich precipitated phases, such that the antibacterial and antiviral copper-containing stainless steel of the present invention can achieve both a good killing effect on bacteria and a virus killing capacity comparable with that of pure copper, can be used for preparing the integral body or the whole of parts such as cutters, elevator buttons, railings, handrails, door handles and cups, and can effectively kill bacteria and viruses existing on the surfaces thereof.

1 . An antibacterial and antiviral copper-bearing stainless steel, the copper-bearing stainless steel comprising a stainless steel matrix and a copper-rich phase uniformly distributed in the stainless steel matrix, wherein the copper content of the copper-bearing stainless steel is 6-30 wt %. 
     
     
         2 . The antibacterial and antiviral copper-bearing stainless steel according to  claim 1 , wherein the copper-bearing stainless steel comprises the following composition in mass percentages: Cu: 6-30 wt %; Ag: 0-1 wt %; Zn: 0-1.5 wt %; Cr: 11-30 wt %; Mn: 0-20 wt %; Ni: 0-18 wt %; Co: 0-8 wt %; Al: 0-5 wt %; Ti: 0-5 wt %; Mo: 0-4 wt %; V: 0-3 wt %; C≤1 wt %, with the remainder being iron and unavoidable impurities. 
     
     
         3 . The antibacterial and antiviral copper-bearing stainless steel according to  claim 1 , wherein the copper-bearing stainless steel may further contain one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Nb, Si, Zr, N and B, wherein Si≤2 wt %, and the total content of the other alloying elements is ≤3 wt %. 
     
     
         4 . The antibacterial and antiviral copper-bearing stainless steel according to  claim 1 , wherein the copper content of the copper-bearing stainless steel is 8-20 wt %, more preferably 10-15 wt %. 
     
     
         5 . A preparation method of the antibacterial and antiviral copper-bearing stainless steel according to  claim 1 , the preparation method including: formulating a raw material powder according to the composition of the antibacterial and antiviral copper-bearing stainless steel, wherein the raw material powder comprise 6-30 wt % of copper powder; and molding the raw material powder into a stainless steel product by using a powder metallurgy method. 
     
     
         6 . The preparation method according to  claim 5 , wherein the molding includes metal injection molding technology, powder pressing sintering technology, and/or hot pressing sintering technology. 
     
     
         7 . The preparation method according to  claim 5 , wherein the preparation method includes the following steps:
 (1) weighing the raw material powder according to the composition of the antibacterial and antiviral copper-bearing stainless steel;   (2) mixing the raw material powder from step (1) with a binder evenly and then granulating to obtain a feed;   (3) injection molding the feed material obtained in step (2) to obtain a green body;   (4) degreasing and sintering the green body obtained in step (3) to obtain a copper-bearing stainless steel product;   (5) subjecting the copper-bearing stainless steel product obtained in step (4) to solid solution and aging treatments to obtain the antibacterial and antiviral copper-bearing stainless steel.   
     
     
         8 . A preparation method of the antibacterial and antiviral copper-bearing stainless steel according to  claim 1 , the preparation method including:
 formulating a raw material powder according to the composition of the antibacterial and antiviral copper-bearing stainless steel, wherein the raw material powder comprises 6-30 wt % of copper powder;   pre-molding the raw material powder to obtain a green body;   sintering the green body to obtain a preliminarily dense sintered part;   completely densifying the sintered part by one or more methods selected from extrusion, cold rolling and hot isostatic pressing to obtain the antibacterial and antiviral copper-bearing stainless steel product.   
     
     
         9 . The preparation method according to  claim 8 , wherein the preparation method includes the following steps:
 (1) weighing the raw material powder according to the composition of the copper-bearing stainless steel;   (2) pouring the raw material powder from step (1) into a powder rolling mill to make a green body;   (3) subjecting the green body obtained in step (2) to sintering treatment to obtain a preliminarily dense sintered part;   (4) subjecting the sintered part obtained in step (3) to cold rolling so as to completely densify it and obtain a copper-bearing stainless steel material;   (5) subjecting the copper-bearing stainless steel material obtained in step (4) to solid solution and aging treatments.   
     
     
         10 . A stainless steel appliance, the stainless steel appliance including a medical appliance or an appliance for living or public place, wherein the stainless steel appliance comprises the antibacterial and antiviral stainless steel of  claim 1 , preferably, the stainless steel appliance includes a knife, elevator button, door handle, railing and handrail, as a whole or a component thereof.