Fabrication fluids

Abstract

A fabrication fluid composition, such as a metal cutting fluid concentrate, contains water, a first surfactant which is an anionic surfactant, a second surfactant which is an amphoteric surfactant, a third surfactant which is selected from an anionic surfactant and an amphoteric surfactant, the third surfactant being different from the first and second surfactants, and water, along with at least one of an anti-rust agent, a coloring agent, and a de-foaming agent. The concentrate may be combined with water to provide a fabrication fluid such as a metal cutting fluid composition that may be applied to a piece of metal being cut for a time and in an amount effective to dissipate heat from the metal being cut.

1 - 41 . (canceled) 
     
     
         42 . A fabrication fluid composition comprising water, a first surfactant selected from amphoteric surfactants comprising a betaine group, a second surfactant selected from anionic surfactants comprising a sulfonate group, a third surfactant selected from anionic surfactants comprising a sulfate group, a defoaming agent, and an anti-rust agent, wherein the third surfactant is different from the second surfactant; wherein the composition is 40-50% by weight water, and 50-60% by weight of non-aqueous components. 
     
     
         43 . The composition of  claim 42  wherein the first surfactant is cocamidopropyl betaine. 
     
     
         44 . The composition of  claim 42  wherein the second surfactant is sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate. 
     
     
         45 . The composition of  claim 42  wherein the third surfactant is sodium laureth sulfate. 
     
     
         46 . The composition of  claim 42  wherein the defoaming agent is a silicone polymer. 
     
     
         47 . The composition of  claim 42  wherein the anti-rust agent is sodium nitrite. 
     
     
         48 . The composition of  claim 42  further comprising a thickening agent. 
     
     
         49 . The composition of  claim 42  wherein the thickening agent is a cellulosic thickening agent. 
     
     
         50 . The composition of  claim 49  wherein the cellulosic thickening agent is hydroxyl ethyl cellulose. 
     
     
         51 . The composition of  claim 42  further comprising an inorganic salt. 
     
     
         52 . The composition of  claim 51  wherein the inorganic salt is calcium chloride. 
     
     
         53 . The composition of  claim 42  further comprising an organic solvent. 
     
     
         54 . The composition of  claim 53  wherein the organic solvent is ethylene glycol butyl ether. 
     
     
         55 . The composition of  claim 42  comprising water, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium laureth sulfate, cocamidopropyl betaine, hydroxyl ethyl cellulose, a silicone polymer, ethylene glycol butyl ether, calcium chloride, and sodium nitrite. 
     
     
         56 . A method of machining a material selected from metal, stone, glass and plastic, comprising applying a composition comprising a composition of  claim 42  to a piece of material being machined, in an amount and time that are effective to dissipate heat from the material being machined. 
     
     
         57 . The method of  claim 56  wherein the material being machined is a metal selected from aluminum alloy, brass, casting iron, bronze, low-carbon steel, stainless steel, alloy steel, and titanium alloy. 
     
     
         58 . The method of  claim 56  wherein the material being machined is stone. 
     
     
         59 . The material of  claim 56  wherein the material being machined is plastic. 
     
     
         60 . The material of  claim 56  wherein the material is glass. 
     
     
         61 . The method of  claim 56  wherein the piece of material being machined is being subjected to a process selected from broaching, tapping, hobbing, cutting, drilling, milling, turning, sawing, honing, and grinding.